1、,英语句子成分和 简单句的五种基本句型,英语句子成分,Members of the Sentence,content,什么是句子成分,CONTENTS,定义：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。 句子成分有：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语 、 定语、状语、补语、同位语,各个成分的功能,一、主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。 主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或-ed分词、不定式、-ing分词和(主语)从句等。,1名词充当主语。Young people love pop music,句首,各个成分的功能,2代词充当主语。如：It rains quite o
2、ften in spring 3 数词充当主语。如：Two plus two makes fourFive will be enough 4名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。如：The disabled are well taken care of,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,5不定式充当主语。如：To study hard is your dutyIts not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分词充当主语。如：Spitting in public is not allowedIts no use crying over the spilt
3、milk(形式)主语 (真正的)主语,各个成分的功能,7从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句)。That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all关联词主语(从句)How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story关联词主语(从句),各个成分的功能,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.,二、谓语,二、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情
4、态动词和助动词.,动词,各个成分的功能,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,They can speak English well. They will go there tomorrow.,各个成分的功能,三、宾语宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、-ing分词、从句等。(能做主语的词)1名词充当宾语。如：Dry wood catches fire easily2代词充当宾语。如：We can invite them to our party,各个成分的功能,3副词充当宾语。如：The
5、 athletes left there just now4不定式充当宾语。如：Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分词充当宾语。如：You wont forget attending his farewell concertThey stopped smoking at last,各个成分的功能,6从句充当宾语。如：Do you know how serious the situation is ?I dont understand what you mean,各个成分的功能,双宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语(Direct Object)和
6、间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语. 这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语), 另一个指物(一般为直接宾语). He gave me a book.,间接宾语,直接宾语,间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。有时为了强调间接宾语，也可以将直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，要借助于介词to或for。 He passed me the dictionary?（ IO ）（ D） He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress.（ IO ）（ D） She bought a beautiful dress for
7、me.,此类常见动词：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等,此类常见动词：buy, cook, get, make, sing等。,注意: 如果直接宾语是人称代词, 则间接宾语必须后置, 并在其前加上介词to或for.Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.,表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于_后，构成系表结构。,四、 表语：,各个成分的功能,连系动词,系动词,Add your title,表示状态,Add your title,Ad
8、d your title,Add your title,感官系动词,变得,be,一直保持,keep， remain，stay,看起来，似乎,seem， appear,look, sound, smell , taste, feel,become, turn ,fall, grow, get,go, come, run,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,名词His father is a teacher. b. 代词This book is mine. c. 形容词或分词短语The leaves turn yellow in autumn.The teacher was satis
9、fied with your work.The story is very interesting.,d. 数词One plus one is two. e. 动词不定式或动名词短语My job is looking after her.What we want to do nowis (to) lie down and rest.,各个成分的功能,f. 副词或介词短语Sorry, my father isnt in.Tom is in Shanghai now. g. 从句The question is why we should put off the meeting.,各个成分的功能,各
10、个成分的功能,五、 定语:(attribute),修饰主语、宾语和表语,形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语。在翻译时往往译为 “的”,This is a lively and interesting class.,后置定语,There is something difficult to deal with.,有一些难题要处理,这是一节生动有趣的课,前置定语,形容词Newton is a famous scientist. b. 名词Lets listen to the weather forecast first.,c. 动名词Our school is
11、 going to build a swimming pool.d. 分词短语或动词不定式短语She is reading an interesting book.I have no pen to write with.,e. 介词短语或副词I havent got the solution to the problem.I used to live in the room above. f. 从句The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.,六、 状语:(adverbial),状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子 成分；
12、按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。,副词Who can write beautifully? b. 介词短语Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside. c. 分词短语Not knowing what to do I decided to give up.,d. 动词不定式短语His mother often comes to see him. e. 名词Please come this way. f. 从句As soon as the teacher came in, all the stude
13、nts stood up.,七、宾语补足语：,复合结构：宾语宾补,n,adj,adv.,介词短语,分词短语与动词不定式,各个成分的功能,常用的带复合宾语的动词 ：think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice, make, get, leave, ask, keep.,对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。,I consider your brother a clever boy. I found the classroom empty. I saw him enter the room. I believe him to be hon
14、est.,I heard the boy crying. He left the girl in the room.,各个成分的功能,八、 同位语在一个句子中, 一个名词或 代词, 或相当于名词的短语或 从句, 放在另一个名词或代词 之后, 用以说明它的性质或情 况, 被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作同位语的通常有:,名词This is my best friend, Tom. b. 代词We all got a surprise. c. 数词This prize is for you two. d. 从句I had no idea that you were here.,主谓（宾
15、/宾补） 主系表 就是一个最简单的句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个人的头部和躯干。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构,S+V 主语谓语 S+V+P 主语系动词表语 S+V+O 主语谓语宾语 S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语 S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补,简单句的五种基本句型,content,1. S+V+P 主系表,英语五种基本句型,This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. The well has gone dry. He is growing tall and strong.,content,2. S+V 主谓（
16、不及物动词）,英语五种基本句型,The sun was shinning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.,content,3. S+V+O 主谓（及物动词）宾,英语五种基本句型,Who knows the answer? He enjoys reading. He has refused to help them. He admits that he was wrong.,content,4. S+V+ o + O 主谓间宾直宾,英语五种基本
17、句型,He brought you a dictionary.He showed me how to run the machine.,content,5. S+V+O +C 主谓复合结构,英语五种基本句型,They painted the door green. We saw him out. He asked me to get back soon.,练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。A 1.Plants need water.S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ) 2.The flower is so fresh.S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表) 3.They work hard
18、.S +V (主 + 谓 ) 4.He gives me some seeds.S +V +I O + DO (主 + 谓 +间宾+直宾 ) 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),B6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同。,S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表),S+V+O
19、( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ),S +V (主 + 谓 ),S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),S +V +I O + DO (主 + 谓 +间宾+直宾 ),练习二:翻译1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。,The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.,温馨提示：复杂的英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语
20、加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子的主干就可以正确把握句子的意思。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。,We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了
21、学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。,超级变身 * 变！变！变！,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,Summary,I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. In th
22、e modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this will be interesting and good for my health. So I want to go to the countryside for a change.,Homework: 1.指出下列句子属于5种简单句的哪一种类型。,2. 运用5种简单句写一篇短文。（任选一题）My School LifeMy FamilyMy Hometown,See you!,Thank you for listening,
