1、2018 届河南省南阳市第一中学高三第十二次考试英语试题第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分。）请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。AOne day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I w
2、as elected as their arbiter (仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and t
3、hen bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.”The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warnin
4、g that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical form
5、ula (公式) to calculate the height of the building.”At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldnt help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others and then added, “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the adminis
6、trator and said to him, Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, 1 will give it to you.”Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college ins
7、tructors trying to teach him how to think.The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.21. The student got a zero at the beginning because .A. the teacher wasnt satisfied with him.B. his answer wasnt complete or correctC. his an
8、swer didnt show his knowledge of physicsD. the teacher didnt fully understand his answer22. We know from the passage that .A. the administrator told Bohr the height B. the student knew the expected answerC. the author preferred Bohrs last answer D. the teacher was a very stubborn person23. We can le
9、arn from the passage that .A. instructors can teach students how to thinkB. arbiters can help students to get high scoresC. teachers should make students use physical formulasD. students should be given more freedom in thinking24. What was Bohrs attitude toward his schooling?A. Critical B. Optimisti
10、c C. Objective D. AmbiguousBWhat Does the Length of Your Fingers Say About You?Are you the peace-loving type or the ambitious go-getter? Your finger length might be a clue. Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can
11、predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it is exactly correct for me. Heres how it works.Look at your three middle fingers of your hand. Is your index finger longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer t
12、han your index finger? Or are the two of the same length? Find the situation that best matches your hand and see if what follows is an accurate description of your personality. Longer ring finger: The Sweet TalkerIf your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that youre likely
13、a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. Youre more likely to take risks, and youre good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and cros
14、sword-puzzle solvers. Longer index finger: The (Over) Confident OneIf your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are that you are full of confidence possibly even to the point of being over-confident and proud. You are not necessarily introverted (内向的), but you do enjoy time to yours
15、elf, especially when youre trying to complete a project. You are a dream pursuer who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in a relationship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but youre always wishing for more. Index and ring finger are of th
16、e same length: The PeacemakerIf your index finger and ring finger are roughly of the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving,
17、 you also have a hot-tempered side that can appear unexpectedly when youre pushed too far. You will try your hardest to avoid a fight.How well do these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case, but Im not going to tell you which one it was!25. Which of the foll
18、owing hand could be an engineers hand? 26. We can learn from the passage that the author .A. is very charming and helpful B. always tries hard to avoid a fightC. often takes silly tests on Facebook D. thinks the descriptions suit him well27. Where can you probably find the text?A. A popular magazine
19、. B. An official report.C. A public advertisement. D. A biology textbook.CPersonal BackgroundSteve Jobs Apple Computer 3-year return: 26%Age: 42CEO since: 1997Heres a guy with enough knowledge, ability and brainpower to effectively hold down two CEO jobs at once and do a pretty amazing job at both.
20、Weve listed him for his post at Apple, but of course Steve Jobs also runs Pixar, the animation (动画 ) company. Coming in after a $ 1 billion loss in fiscal 1997 (1997 财年), Jobs turned a $106 million profit38 percent above Wall Streets consensus target. A lot of credit goes to a very simple idea: make
21、 computers in different colors. Jobs was the only one who thought to make it happen. The colorful mid-priced iMac has also succeeded by playing down the compatibility (兼容性) problem. Apple positioned it as the machine for the Internet, where compatibility questions are no big deal. Behind the scenes,
22、 Jobs streamlined (使成流线型) the product line, and also did a whole series of work for improving and selling the production. Meanwhile, over at Pixar, A Bugs Life nabbed a total $159 million in domestic box office, the highest domestic animated take since Toy Story and third highest ever, after Toy Sto
23、ry and the leader. The Lion King.Business philosophy: “The technology isnt the hard part. The hard part is: whos going to buy it. How are they going to buy it? How do you tell them about it?”How he got the job: the Apple board begged him to return.Management style: at Apple, Jobs is a micromanager-s
24、ome say nanomanager who changes mood suddenly and unexpectedly. Actually every decision goes by him. At any time, 10,000 employees are wondering. “What would Steve say?” not “What is the right thing to do?” said a former Apple executive.Financial reward: his Apple rewards are minimala salary of one
25、dollar a year, but his 69 percent share of Pixar is worth about $ 1.3 billion.selected from a newspaper28. According to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Jobs EXCEPT .A. creative B. easy-going C. demanding D. distinguished29 We can learn from the passage that .A. Jobs can
26、 work well in every fieldB. the colorful iMac is accepted for its low priceC. Jobs makes a big difference at Apple as a designerD. the technology is more important than business idea30 The underlined word nabbed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ “.A. pulled up B. brought in C. went through D. handed
27、over31. What does the author mainly want to tell us?A. Jobs is the richest man in the world. B. Jobs is a giant of electronic products.C. Jobs spends most of his time at Pixar. D. Jobs can get much money a year as his salary.DTwo new studies suggest that modem running shoes could increase the risk o
28、f injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot.Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in
29、Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high
30、 heels.The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine. The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and th
31、e University of Glasgow in Scotland.They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of th
32、e foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.Harvards Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land
33、 on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They
34、say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say
35、 there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.32. What can we learn from the passage?A. The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.B. We should start ru
36、nning barefoot in no time.C. Running in modem running shoes could have more serious effects than running in high heels.D. We wont be injured if we run barefoot.33. How many organizations are involved in the two studies?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.34. How did the researchers do the two studies
37、?A. By practising. B. By comparing.C. By questioning. D. By reasoning.35. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Walking in high heels could have fewer serious effects than running barefoot.B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.D.
38、 Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.第二节(共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifelong Musicians Have Better HearingPlaying a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study,
39、 which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 adult musicians and 89 non-musicians. 36 Action on Hearing Loss said all people - including musicians - should try to prevent hearing damage. 37 By sixty, 10-30% of people have moderate hearing loss. By eighty, that goes u
40、p to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central auditory processing system, which is associated with understanding speech, especially when there is background noise.Then a research, by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, looked at adults were affected as they aged.
41、 They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges.38 Benjamin Zendel, who was part of the research team, said: “We found th
42、at being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis. This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.”This study suggests that musicia
43、ns might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss. 39 As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place. Its necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection. 40 A
44、. Hearing normally declines as people age.B. Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss.C. That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently.D. Still, it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection.E. They believed musicians are also lik
45、ely to experience age-related hearing problems.F. The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing.G. It found a 70-year-old musicians was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didnt play.第三部分 英语知识运用第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A 、B
46、、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A few days ago I was sitting in a Thai restaurant enjoying a meal when I got on a phone call from a friend I hadnt spoken to for a long time. In my enthusiasm and 41 I talked slightly louder than usual voice and in Spanish, my mother tongue.A few minutes into the 42 , the Ind
47、y sitting at the beside mine got up, seemingly 43 , and asked the restaurant staff to a table as far away as possible from the man who wouldnt 44 his phone.I sank in my mw out of 45 . I ended the call soon afterwards and felt the urge to go over and 46 . Before getting up I looked around to see wher
48、e she was, 47 , at the table furthest away from me.I noticed that the lady was 48 and staring out of the window. I 49 a tinge (气息) of sadness perhaps a desire for aloneness and peace. But I had 50 destroyed it minutes earlier.Right then I 51 my plans for a conventional apologetic gesture. Seeing the
49、 Smile Cards in my wallet I took one out. On signing my restaurant bill I asked my server to 52 charge the ladys meal to my credit card and hand her the Smile Card instead of her bill.Did she take it the wrong way, I 53 ? Did she get confused? Did she refuse the anonymous (匿名的) 54 ? And so on. I just waited and felt nervous to learn the 55 . To my pleasant surprise, things 56 to be the best possible way.The waiter approached me in a stre
