1、 满城皆是世界遗产的伊斯坦布尔，意 为 “伊 斯 兰 教 的 城 市 ”。 http:/ 土耳其历史 Bosphorus river, topkapi palace, diverse architecture, grand bazaar, blue mosque Amzing sights Is characterized not only by being one of the largest worship buildings in the world, but also by-in its 1500 years history- having served three purposes:
2、 as a church, as a mosque and as a museum. Its a great monument. One of the best historical sites in the world with its fantastic history. For 1000 years, it was the largest church in the world. The main dome was unfortunately under construction= Renovating works everywhere = There are restoration w
3、orks ongoing and scaffolding may be in certain places. Mosaics 马赛克 （Its such a pity that many of them were disfigured because when the Ottomans turned the church into a mosque, they disfigured these mosaics.） The history of the building is fascinating and the impact it had on the architecture of Mos
4、ques was unexpected. Seeing both the influence of Christianity and Islam in one place is unusual. It has a cost associated with it but well worth the cost. It is usually busy but inside it is so massive that once you get inside the crowds dont really impact you. Despite becoming a museum, both the I
5、slamic and the preexisting Christian aspects were preserved. It is truly a melting pot for two different religions. The ceiling is Majestic due to the nice drawings and the giant Chandeliers that are hanging from it. Impression of Istanbul （ CCTV）We start in Istanbul, the only city in the world with
6、 a foot in two different continents. Its been an extremely significant city throughout history, and today.Heavy traffic, the continual bustle and movement of crowds, the beautiful seaside and an unchanging skyline of numerous domes and minarets for thousands of years, that is Istanbul.Standing betwe
7、en Asia and Europe, Istanbul is Turkeys largest city, and the hub of the countrys business and cultural life.Situated on the shores of the Bosphorus Strait, and bordered to the north by the Black Sea, Istanbuls strategic position made it the capital of the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. And t
8、oday, the precious relics of those past glorious days give this forward-moving and modern city a strong sense of historical significance. And its also a mirror of Turkey.Mehmet Olcel, culture and Information Counselor of Turkish Embassy to China, said: “Istanbul is the place where you can observe al
9、l of Turkey.“With a landscape dotted with more than 2,800 mosques within the city, some 98 percent of Turkeys people believe in Islam. And in this seaside city, the tolerant atmosphere allows people to go about their lives with ease. Religious beliefs are respected, as are individual rights.Tour Gui
10、de Umut Seferoglu said: “I pray everyday for five times, and after the praying, I get my T-shirt, and I swim. Islamic life and modern life mixed together.“This is a normal Friday. At this mosque built during the 18th-century, men from different corners of the city gather here to pray, facing in the
11、direction of Mecca. For many Turkish Muslims, praying five times a day is a part of their standard routine. Twenty minutes later, prayers have ended. Everyone goes back to their normal lives, and the bustling market nearby breaks the silence.Reporter Feng Shu said: “Located at the meeting point of A
12、sia and Europe, Istanbul has become an commercial center between the two continents. Originally built in 15th century with only 15-20 shops, this Grand Bazaar has become a real shopping heaven with 4,400 shops. Well, of course, my favorite place in Turkey.“Shopping in Istanbul is a time-honored deli
13、ght. In the labyrinth of 65 streets and passages in this Kapali Carsi-covered bazaar, a plethora of goods are available, enough to suit nearly every taste. Theres a wide selection of jewelry, from traditional to modern styles, while the carpet shops display eye-catching wares with vivid colors and i
14、ntricate designs. At the same time, Turkish arts and crafts, including hand-painted ceramic plates and hand-crafted copperware, are all popular choices for souvenirs and gifts.And for sellers, getting a space this bazaar means steady and booming business.A seller said: “This bazaar is much better, m
15、ore famous than other shops.“A tour guide said: “This bazaar has a mystical atmosphere.“With Istanbul an important commercial city, the Grand Bazaar is not the only option for shoppers. Another attractive, covered bazaar of a different sort is the Misir Carsisi, or the Spice Market, located at the e
16、ntrance of Golden Horn. At this market, built in the 17th-century, the air is filled with the enticing aromas of cinnamon, caraway, mint and countless other spices and herbs.Despite the different choices, the two bazaars share something in common - most of the dealers are international. English, Jap
17、anese, and even Chinese and more are at their command. For travellers without any knowledge of the Turkish language, its a good place to find yourself.Geographically, Istanbul is flanked by a range of high hills to the east to the Bosphorus Strait.Because of this unique location, most of Istanbuls s
18、treets are on sharp slopes. Theyre so steep, you have to be careful not to fall down when climbing up.Any trip to Istanbul isnt complete without a ferry excursion along the Bosphorus Strait. Along its shores is a delightfully surprising mixture of the past and present, grand splendor and simple beau
19、ty, with imperial pavilions and palaces standing next to todays small fishing villages.The Bosphorus Bridge was built in 1973. Its still one of the longest bridges in the world, and spans the water, linking European and Asian shores by road.Under the bridge, the once-quiet village of Ortakoy, has be
20、en turned into an art gallery, a shopping destination and a bar street, a favorite place for entertainment for both tourists and locals. Church of Hagia Sophia 圣索菲亚大教堂，学名是阿亚 索菲亚博物馆(Ayasofya Muzesi)，是国家博物馆，它具有曲折的历史，目睹了王朝兴衰，也反映了宗教的博弈、变迁和融合，所谓“东方与西方，过去与未来相结合” ；它还占据了几个“唯一”：唯一从 6 世纪保留至今的古代建筑、唯一一个由教堂改成清真寺
21、的古建筑，又是世界上十大令人向往的教堂之一圣索菲亚在基督教里的意思是“上帝智慧”，公元 325 年，君士坦丁大帝为供奉智慧之神索非亚，建造了圣索菲亚大教堂，成为拜占廷（Byzantine）帝国极盛时代的纪念碑。公元 532 年，圣索菲亚大教堂毁于一场暴乱。公元 537 年，查士丁尼皇帝为标榜自己的文治武功，决定进行重建，重建后的圣索菲亚大教堂更加辉煌，更加威严，不仅用作宗教仪式，还用作皇帝举行重要国事活动的场所。它作为基督教的宫廷教堂，整整持续了 9 个世纪，一直是基督教之东正教的中心教堂。是拜占廷时期一座罗马纪念馆。公元 1453 年 6 月，奥斯曼土耳其苏丹（国王）穆罕默德率领 20 万大
22、军包围君士坦丁（Constantine）堡时，在战舰上眺望圣索菲亚大教堂的巨大拱顶誓言要将教堂变成世界伊斯兰圣殿的中心。他下令将豪华的罗马宫殿艺术珍品化为灰烬，拜占廷壁画用灰浆遮盖住，所有基督教雕像也被搬出，将大教堂改为清真寺，并在周围修建了 4 个高大的清真寺尖塔。不久，奥斯曼土耳其帝国迁都君士坦丁堡，并将其更名为伊斯坦布尔。从此，大教堂就成了伊斯兰教徒的礼拜堂。土耳其共和国建立以后，1935 年大教堂改为国家博物馆，正式向世人开放，伊斯兰教徒迁出。1975 年政府拨款进行了全面修复。1980 年 8 月土耳其政府将其中一所经堂重新开放，供穆斯林礼拜之用。圣索菲亚大教堂是一座三拱长方型建筑，
23、占地面积近 8000 平方米，其中中央大厅 5000 多平方米，教堂前厅 600 多平方米。教堂的圆顶高 60 米，相当于 20 层楼高，是世界有名的五大圆顶之一。 圣索菲亚教堂建于东罗马皇帝 Justinian 统治时期(公元 532 年 公元 537 年)，当时拜占庭帝国正处于鼎盛阶段，教堂汇集了罗马时期的智慧结晶，是拜占庭时期的象征，它作为基督教的宫廷教堂，整整持续了 9 个世纪。公元 1453 年 6 月，奥斯曼土耳其苏丹穆罕默德攻入伊斯坦布尔，终于走进了令他朝思暮想的圣索菲亚大教堂。他下令将教堂内所有拜占庭的壁画全部用灰浆遮盖住，所有基督教雕像也被搬出，并将大教堂改为清真寺，还在周围
24、修建了 4 个高大的尖塔，这就是现在的圣索菲亚大教堂的面貌。如今，圣索非亚大教堂是属于基督徒和伊斯兰教信徒共有的一个宗教博物馆。 this is a rapidly modernising country with one foot in Europe and one in the Middle East. Its not all oriental splendour, mystery, intrigue and whirling dervishes but it is a spicy maelstrom of history knocking up against a pacy presen
25、t.Turkey has so much to offer her visitors; breathtaking natural beauties, unique historical and archaeological sites, steadily improving hotel and tourist infrastructure, a tradition of hospitality and competitive prices. It is not surprising therefore that this country has recently become one of t
26、he worlds most popular tourism destinations. Due to Turkeys diverse geography, one can experience four different climates in any one day.The rectangular shaped country is washed on three sides by three different seas. Its shores are laced with beaches, bays, coves, ports, islands and peninsulas. The
27、 summers are long, lasting as long as eight months in some areas. Turkey is also blessed with majestic mountains and valleys, lakes, rivers, waterfalls and grottoes perfect action and sportive activities seekers. Skiing fans, mountain climbers, trekkers, hickers all enjoy new and unforgettable exper
28、iences in Turkey.But Turkey is, above anything else, a huge open-air museum, a repository of all civilizations nurtured by the soils of Anatolia. The huge amount of historical and archaeological wealth in Turkey seems more appropriate for an entire continent than a single country. For centuries, Tur
29、key has been a crossroads of religions, not only of Islam and Christianity, but of many others now forgotten by history. Many religions devotees can find a site, a shrine, a monument, a tomb or a ruin connected with their faith or belief.Turkey is a country thats neither Asian nor European. It may b
30、e a clich, but Turkey connects the East and the West both literally and figuratively. What words can describe Turkey. You would search in vain for a country where the history and culture is as impressive as Turkey. The civilizations of the world have left their own distinct marks on these lands. Tur
31、key is full of intact remains from the Hittites, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans. They have all had their capitals on this soil. Turkey is simply beautiful. When you start an expedition to the countryside, or just leave cities for a couple of hours, you will notice a handsome difference in scenery.
32、Turkey has 7 geographical regions and every region has its own beauty. While Black Sea dazzles your eyes with thousands of different green tones, you find yourself in a Steinbeck novel on the Eastern Turkey. Turkeys land mass is 814,578 sq km. The European and Asian sides are divided by the Istanbul
33、 Bogazi (Bosphorus), the Sea of Marmara, and the Canakkale Bogazi (Dardanelles). Anatolia is a high plateau region rising progressively towards the east, broken up by the valleys of about 15 rivers, including the Dicle (Tigris) and the Firat (Euphrates). There are numerous lakes and some, such as Li
34、ke Van, are as large as inland seas. In the north, the eastern Black Sea Mountain chain runs parallel to the Black Sea; in the south, the Taurus Mountains sweep clown almost to the narrow, fertile coastal plain along the coast. Turkey enjoys a variety of climates, ranging from the temperate climate
35、of the Black Sea region, to the continental climate of the interior, then, to the Mediterranean climate of the Aegean and Mediterranean coastal regions. The coastline of Turkeys four seas is more than 8,333 km long.Eat, drink and be merry! This epicurean motto never fit a country more perfectly than
36、 Turkey that has one of the three biggest cuisines in the world. The large variety of different dishes and delicacies for gourmet palates will surprise every guest paying a visit to Turkey. Turkish people are very friendly and hospitable. This is one of the virtues we are really proud of. When you v
37、isit Turkey you will get this warm feeling in every step you make.Today Turkey is abuzz with life, energy and enterprise. It is a modern, secular country with a booming economy. It embraces the future as a bridge between the east and West. Its cities teem with vibrant cosmopolitan life. Wherever you
38、 travel in Turkey, the country and its people will amaze and impress the surge of its market forces and the modernization of the infrastructure of the whole country is impressive. Turkish hospitality and genuine warmth is a tradition. Turks have a certain “Joie de vivre“ for life and enjoy nothing m
39、ore than sharing their optimism and enthusiasm with travellers over a hot sweep cup of tea served in the traditional tulip shaped glass. Turkey is a country located at a very strategic point where the three continents of the old world (Asia, Africa, and Europe) are closest to each other and where As
40、ia and Europe meet. Because of geographical location, Turkey has always been important throughout history and is the birth place of many great civilizations. A spectacular country surrounded by sea on three sides, with more than 300 natural and 130 artificial lakes, and almost %35 of its lands cover
41、ed by forests and mountains, several rivers cutting the beaches to reach the seas makes the country even more attractive Turkey has been called “the cradle of civilization“ and by travelling through this historic land, tourists will discover exactly what is meant by this phrase. The first city ever
42、settled in the world with comparatively modern organizational systems such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and trading, was a Neolithic city Catalhoyuk, in central Turkey, dating back to 6,500 BC. From the days of Catalhyk up to the present, Turkey boasts a rich culture that through the centuries
43、has made a lasting impression on modern civilization. The legacy of all those admirable cultures make Turkey a paradise of information and cultural wealth. Hattis, Hittites, Carians, Lelegians Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ot
44、tomans have all made important contributions to Anatolian history, and ancient sites and ruins scattered throughout the country give proof of each civilizations unique distinction. When you travel by car, within half an hour you can meet to an ancient city, remaining from those civilizations. Even i
45、n the ancient times, this fascinating country was respected by those ancient people, therefore it has been called as ANATOLIA, which means in ancient Greek, The lands, where the sun rises from as many vital initial ideas came into existence from her fertile lap. No doubt, people always have been pro
46、ud of breathing on this amazing peninsula, combining different cultures, customs and traditions, and she, once again started to offer her hospitality to new cultures all combine to make Turkey unique.The one thing that is uniform throughout this fascinating country is the hospitality of its people.W
47、e hereby assure you that as devouted visitors of any of the aforesaid religions,you will be guided to so many sites of faith abounding within the borders of Turkey at a scale unparalled in any other parts of the world.During such cultivating and exiting tours,you will enjoy the opportunity of visiti
48、ng following sites,each of which manifests unique features of heritages of different faiths;Ankara - Modern capital of Turkish Republic as declared by Ataturk in 1923.Dates back to the Hittites,4000-3000 B.C.Antalya - A seaport founded by Attalus,King of Pergamum,in 160 B.C.Now a lovely resort city,
49、South Aegean Coast.Aphrodisias - Named for the Goddness of Love, Aphrodite,in the 6TH century B.C.Also the site of one of the three sculpture schools in the ancient world.South Aegean Coast.Aspendos - Roman city of the second century B.C.Site of the best-preserved theater in Asia Minor.Cappodocia - An area of bizarre volcanic land formations.Although never formally a nation,was regocnized as a kingdom in 600 B.C. Became a Roman province in 17 A.D.Also recognized as a refuge for the early Christians.Demre
