1、Unit 3 Beauty Image,Cosmetic or Aesthetic Surgery,Aesthetic Surgery involves techniques intended for the “enhancement“ of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level towar
2、d some aesthetic ideal. In 2006, nearly 11 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetics procedures performed in the United States has increased over 50 percent since the start of the century.,Nearly 12 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in 2007
3、, with the five most common being breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The increased use of cosmetic surgery crosses racial and ethnic lines in the U.S., with increases seen among African-Americans and Hispanic Americans as well as Caucasian Americans.
4、In Europe, the second largest market for cosmetic procedures, cosmetic surgery is a $2.2 billion business.,The most prevalent aesthetic/cosmetic procedures are listed below. Most of these types of surgery are more commonly known by their “common names.“ These are also listed when pertinent.,Abdomino
5、plasty (or “tummy tuck“): reshaping and firming of the abdomen Blepharoplasty (or “eyelid surgery“): Reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner, including Asian blepharoplasty,Mammoplasty Breast augmentation (“breast enlargement“ or “boob job“): Augmentation of the breasts. Th
6、is can involve either fat grafting, saline or silicone gel prosthetics. Initially performed to women with micromastia Breast reduction: Removal of skin and glandular tissue. Indicated to reduce back and shoulder pain in women with gigantomastia and/or for psychological benefit in women with gigantom
7、astia/macromastia and men with gynecomastia. Breast lift (Mastopexy): Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue or scarless Serdev suture technique,Buttock Augme
8、ntation (or “butt augmentation“ or “butt implants“): Enhancement of the buttocks. This procedure can be performed by using silicone implants or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the body. Buttock lift (or “butt lift“ or “brazilian butt lift“): Lifting, projection, tightening of the butto
9、cks. This procedure can be performed by using the scarless Serdev suture technique without implants. 10 Chemical peel: Minimizing the appearance of acne, pock, and other scars as well as wrinkles (depending on concentration and type of agent used, except for deep furrows), solar lentigines (age spot
10、s, freckles), and photodamage in general. Chemical peels commonly involve carbolic acid (Phenol), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), glycolic acid (AHA), or salicylic acid (BHA) as the active agent.,Rhinoplasty (or “nose job“): Reshaping of the nose Otoplasty (or ear surgery): Reshaping of the ear. Most of
11、ten done by pinning the ear closer to the head. Rhytidectomy (or “face lift“): Removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (or liposuction): Removal of fat from the body Brow lift: higher brow position by surgical or scarless Serdev suture Chin augmentation: Augme
12、ntation of the chin with an implant (e.g. silicone), by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone, or by suture of the soft tissue. Cheek augmentation by suture Serdev suture Cheek lift/Midface lift using scarless suture technique. Collagen, fat, and other tissue filler injections (e.g. hyaluronic acid) La
13、ser skin resurfacing,Reading 1,1. Why do you think the youths are concerned about the appearance? 2. What is beauty? Is there a standard to evaluate it? 3. Why does the author think the sense of insecurity about look is a common phenomenon? 4. Where do the pressures that make people worry about appe
14、arance come from? 5. Whats authors attitude towards the exaggerated concern about body image? 6. How would you describe your own looks using appropriate words in this text? 7. Do you think it is easier for better-looking people to receive better job?,understanding,Reading 1,Para. 1 “eyes that previo
15、usly looked large may appear smaller because theyve remained the same size while the other features have grown.” Eyes normally dont grow as much as other features so they may appear smaller when people grow up.,Language Explanation,Texture: 1. the way a surface, substance or fabric feels when you to
16、uch it, for example, how rough, smooth, hard or soft it is 2. the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth, for example, whether it is rough, smooth, light, heavy, etc. 3. the way that different parts of a piece of music or literature are combined to create a final impression,Spot: 1. a small
17、 round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on 2. a small mark or lump on a persons skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it,Para. 2 “You only have to look at those around you to realize that people are attracted by every possible physical type.” If you look at
18、those around you, you can easily find that people have a wide variety of tastes on physical types.,Guess the meaning of “slanting” from “large” and “round”, “inscrutable” from “lustrous” Guess the meaning of “sloping” from “square” From the comparison, we find many pairs of antonyms Neat: small, wit
19、h a pleasing shape or appearance,Para. 3,“Girls who are tall usually long to be dainty and small, and vice versa.” Long: be eager to Dainty: (guess from the meaning of “small”) of people and things small and delicate in a way that people find attractive 娇小的；娇美的；精致的；小巧的 Vice versa: used to say that t
20、he opposite of what you have just said is also true e.g. women may bring their husbands with them, and vice versa (means that men may also bring their wives with them),Para. 4,“Youre being conditioned into feeling as you do” (the cue lies in the following sentence) You dont automatically feel that i
21、mage is so important but are influenced by the ambient pressures. Bombard you with warnings about: offer you a great deal of warnings about Bad breath: unpleasant smelling breath,“Your parents may become involved in this process too, by encouraging you to think about your appearance.” Your parents m
22、ay encourage you to pay attention to appearance. This behavior also increases the pressure on you which makes you be more anxious about your looks.,Para. 5 “The way you see yourself in your minds eye may not even be accurate.” What are you like in your own imagination may not be correct. Even: used
23、to introduce a more exact description of sb/sth,“For instance total appearance” What are the two instances going to illustrate? The instances intend to indicate that people tend to focus too much on their defects in appearance and neglect judging from the totality.,“It would be foolish to suggest th
24、at looks dont matter at all, but everyone knows people with all kinds of beauty handicaps a squint, bad skin, or a large nose who nonetheless have easy, loving relationships.” people with all kinds of beauty handicaps: people having different types of defects in looks Whole: We should admit that loo
25、ks are important. However, we know that some people who have defects in looks - a squint, bad, skin, or a large nose - do have easy and loving relationships.,Whats your understanding of “self-acceptance”? (From the following sentences) Dont always be fussy about the defects in your looks and compare
26、 yourself with people around you. Accept what you have and make the best of yourself. The main idea of Para. 5 People should not focus too much on their defects in looks but make the best of themselves.,Reading 2,1.Who were the subjects of the Deakin University study by Ms. Thomas? 2. What were the
27、findings of the previous Deaking study? 3.How did Dr. Coventry comment on Ms. Thomass study? 4. According to Ms. Thomas, what should children be taught about their bodies? 5. How did Dr. Foulkes feel at the result of the recent study?,understanding,Reading 2,Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness
28、 that describes an eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are known to control body weight commonly through the means of voluntary starvation, excessive exercise, or other weight
29、 control measures such as diet pills or diuretic (利尿的) drugs. While the condition primarily affects adolescent females, approximately 10% of people with the diagnosis are male. Anorexia nervosa, involving neurobiological, psychological, and sociological components, is a complex condition that can le
30、ad to death in the most severe cases. Q1: Which gender is more prone to suffer from anorexia nervosa? Q2: How many disciplines (学科) are involved in this illness?,Information,Reading 2,Title: weigh heavily on: to make sb very anxious or worried 同时weigh heavily on又和fat呼应Para. 1 “Almost as many boys re
31、ported dieting as girls and many of the children surveyed” Almost as many boys as girls who were dieting as reported and many of the children who were surveyed Para. 2 have describe the findings as highly alarming Describe/consider/ sth. as + adj. e.g. describe you as enthusiastic Alarming: causing
32、worry and fear Whole: were shocked by the findings,Language Explanation,Para. 3 “Dietary behavior is one of the main factors predisposing a person to eating disorders” Peoples behavior about diet is one of the most important factors that probably makes them suffer from eating disorders. Para. 4 Anor
33、exia nervosa: (guess from the former appositive 同位语) A form of the potentially fatal slimming disorder Fatal: causing or ending in death,Para. 5 honours student: a student recognized for achieving high grades or high marks in their course work Para. 7 minor concerns: slight worries though most part
34、of the issue goes well Para. 8 on the top half (of the leg): thigh,Para. 12 purge: to throw up the food / to vomit Extended meaning: to make yourself/sb/sth pure, healthy or clean by getting rid of bad thoughts or feelings e.g. How can I purge this shame from my heart? 我怎么能从心头除去这一耻辱？ Catholics go to
35、 confession to be purged of sin / purge ( away ) their sin / purge their souls of sin 天主教徒透过告解以获得赦罪净化灵魂 Para. 14 “At risk of developing an eating disorder” In danger of getting eating disorder,Para. 17 Worrying: that makes you worry V+ing: adj. that makes sbing V+ed: adj. ing形式表示事物本身性质(客观性),ed形式表示人的
36、感受(主观性) e.g. surprising v.s. surprised exciting v.s. excited terrifying v.s. terrified,Para. 19 Onset: the beginning of sth, especially sth unpleasant Early onset: medicine the symptom occurs at an early age Para. 22 “One-in-four children chose ideal body figures thinner than their perceived actual
37、body.” One fourths of the children chose the ideal body figures in their minds which were thinner than their own figures noticed by others. Para. 26 Why did Thomas give us such an example of the kids response? The kids are seriously influenced by the adults at home. The environment in which fat is s
38、cared of made the kids learn more about this issue unconsciously.,Para. 28 When: although e.g. They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless. Para. 30 “Its an indictment on all of us.” All of us in the eating disorder program should be blamed because we form such bad social climate that
39、 lead to childrens worry on this issue at an early age.,Reading 3,1.Whats the direct reason for the author to decide to lose weight? 2. Why did the author get so angry when her father asked her to eat the steak? 3. What made the author realize she had problem?,understanding,Reading 3,Para. 1-4 The c
40、ompliment from people around made the author decide to lose more weight and thats the start of her anorexia. Para. 5-10 The authors mental state become distorted when the weight losing cant satisfy her any more even she was very thin already. Para. 11-14 The author reflected upon herself after reali
41、zing she was hurting people she loved and came to a conclusion that she couldnt let the disease control her life. Para. 15 Now the author is on the way of recovery and she begins to feel much better.,Structure,Reading 3,Straight-A student: (guess from para.12) the student who got A in all the subjec
42、ts “Very together” teenager: well organized and confident teenager,Language Explanation,Para. 2 “It all started innocently enough”: It started unconsciously. 1磅=0.453599公斤=0.907198斤 Stand to: used especially with can/could to say that sb/sth can survive sth or can tolerate sth without being hurt or
43、damaged （尤与 can 或 could 连用）经受，承受，经得起,Para. 3 Coke-and-chips marathon: the restless eating of coke and chips Para. 4 “I was raised with the message that there is always room for improvement, so I figured if five pounds gets this much notice, just think what 10 will do!” In my process of growth, I was
44、 educated that there is always room for improvement. I lost five pounds and got so much notice, why dont I try to lose 10! “I figure that was the moment I took off down the road to anorexia.” I think that was start of my getting closer to anorexia.,Para. 7 “Instead of seeing the logical conclusion,
45、which was that I was taking this too far, I started feeling that I was failing and needed to try harder.” The logical conclusion of no more compliment is that I did it beyond reasonable limits, but I hadnt realize it and thought that I should try harder to lose more weight.,Para. 8 Belittle: be- is
46、the prefix which means to make or treat sb/sth as / to cause sth to be e.g. bewilder / beguile 欺骗 / belie 掩盖，造成假象 “The truth is, all happiness had long ago slipped away, and my whole being was devoted to the moments of success that I felt when I lost another pound.” The truth is: but I didnt control
47、 myself Whole: All happiness had left me long ago, and what I pursuit is only the delight achieved from losing weight.,Para. 9 “It was there, just not able to talk louder than my illness.” The sense of doing wrong did exist, but it was so weak in the face of anorexia. Para. 10 Put them off: to make
48、excuses to them in order to avoid a duty. 搪塞,Para. 11 “He would not take no for an answer.” He didnt allow me to say no. “This thing sitting on my plate had become my worst enemy.” personification “Those words pushed a button in me and I no longer cared about him or his feelings.” My fathers sayings
49、 elicit the anger in me and I go insane without the consideration of his feelings. Para. 15 Now that: since, as long as,Reading 4,How did Sophie in a size 14 become a supermodel? What feature of Sophie makes biggest impression on the model agency? What was Sophie required to be like after she became a model?,understanding,Reading 4,Vogue is a fashion and lifestyle magazine published in eighteen countries by Cond Nast Publications. Each month, Vogue publishes a magazine addressing topics of fashion, life and design.,
