1、IELTS Reading Skills 2,What is skimming? Skimming is a fast reading skill with which the reader can have a general understanding of the given material，a kind of reading that doesnt demand full comprehension. 目的是了解文章的大意（中心思想）。,Skimming,1) Read the title. This focuses your attention on the topic.,How
2、to Skim a Passage,2) Read the opening paragraph (and second paragraph if necessary) carefully as it often contains an introduction or overview of the reading material.,4) Read the conclusion. This may be the last paragraph or two. It usually summarizes the article, specifies an opinion, or makes som
3、e recommendations based on the general content.,How to Skim a Passage,3) From the second or third paragraphs on, read the first sentence of each paragraph, as the first sentence is often a topic sentence. Often as many as 80% of the paragraphs start with a summary or topic sentence.第二句往往是对前句的延伸（exte
4、nsion）或进一步的解释（explanation）。然后，运用扫描，迅速浏览从第三句开始的后面部分，搜寻作者对开头两句的支持句（supporting sentences），并同时注意文章中间是否有转折词（transition），因为这些词常常会把文章的思路逆转或加入其它重要的信息。最后，当读到段落的最后一句时，我们又要使用略读，这时必须再次放慢速度（slow down your pace）直到完全消化作者对段落的小结（conclusion），因为该小结有可能与主题句截然相反或引导读者进入下一个段落。,How to Skim a Passage,Sometimes, you can get m
5、ain idea of he paragraph from the first sentence of its next paragraph. Because the text is coherent, there must be some transitional words and phrases to show the internal relationships.,In skimming, you should also use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, s
6、pacing, charts, paragraphing, etc.,注意：这只是略读的大致方法，在实际应用中要灵活掌握。如：有的段落可能没有主题句；有的中间段落包含作者的重要观点，需要细读等。,The central principle: to grasp the essentials and to leave out the less important details.,How to Skim a Passage,Scanning,What is scanning? Scanning is a fast reading skill with which the reader can lo
7、cate specific information of a reading material-a fact, a name, a number, etc E.g. read a train scheduleread a TV guide,Types of Materials for Scanning,Materials to be scanned can be divided into two broad types; columnar materials and prose materials. Columnar material includes all sorts of informa
8、tion presented in lists, tables, columns, schedules or charts, such as dictionaries, train schedules, and TV listing. Prose material, on the other hand, refers to any information presented in paragraph form and includes materials such as encyclopedia entries（百科条目）, newspapers and magazine articles,
9、textbooks and pamphlets.,Types of Materials for Scanning,1. Scanning Columnar Materials In scanning any Information presented in list form, the most important step is to be come familiar with its organization. First, check the overall organization. Then see if it is divided in any particular way-alp
10、habetically arranged or topically arranged. The most effective scanning pattern for most columnar materials is the straight down pattern. It is a swift downward, sweep.2. Scanning Prose Materials Prose materials are more difficult to scan than columnar materials. Their organization is less apparent
11、and the information is less concisely or obviously stated. Therefore, you may rely heavily on identifying clue words and predicting the form of your answer.When scanning prose materials, your eyes drift quickly through a passage searching for clue words and phrases that indicate that you may be clos
12、e to the answer.,How to Scan,1) Flip through the pages to see how the article or material is organized. It may be alphabetical, chronological, topical categories from most important to least important, or the standard essay format of introduction, body, and conclusion. It is the most important clue
13、to where to begin looking for information.,2) Know your purpose. Decide what information what you are looking for. Look for key words in the question. These are generally names, dates and nouns.,How to Scan,3) Identify Likely Answer Locations. Using what you have learned from checking the organizati
14、on of the material, try to identify likely places where the information you are looking for might appear. For example, use headlines in prose material and alphabetical system in columnar materials.,4) Use a Systematic Pattern. Scanning should be organized and systematic. Do not randomly skip around,
15、 searching for clues. Instead, rhythmically sweep your eyes through the material. The pattern or approach you use will depend on the material. For material printed in narrow six- or seven-word columns, such as newspaper articles, you might move your eyes“ straight down the middle, catching the phras
16、es on each half of the line. This is a straight down pattern, often called the arrow pattern. For wider lines of print, a zig-zag or Z pattern might be more effective. That is, your eyes move across lines and entire paragraphs, noticing clue words that indicate the likely location of the answer.,How
17、 to Scan,5) Confirm Your Answer. Once you think you have found the answer you have been looking for, check to make sure if your answer is the correct information. That is, read the sentence or two that contains the- answer, confirming that it is the information you need. Accuracy is just as essentia
18、l as speed in scanning. The answer must be 100 percent accurate.,A. 不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都说的是它。 B. 时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。 C. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。 D. 定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。,How to Scan,1、What does this video clip mainly about? 2、What can humans be called according to the clip? 3、Translation fossil, unravel, volcanic ash, skull, Ice Age, dramatic transformation, ancestor, landscape,
