1、Lesson Nine Ill Never Escape the Ghetto,Stanley Sanders,permanent,continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place; 永久的；永恒的,credential,a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts n. 凭证，证件； 证书 I can testify to the credentials of the clientele. 我可以证明委托人的资质。,qu
2、alify as,To qualify as something or to be qualified as something means to have all the features that are needed to be that thing 13 percent of American households qualify as poor, says Mr. Mishel. 米歇尔先生说，13%的美国家庭符合贫困家庭的标准。,there is more to it than that,没有那么简单,venture,a project or activity which is n
3、ew, exciting, and difficult because it involves the risk of failure .his latest writing venture. 他最新的写作尝试,fateful,having momentous consequences; of decisive importance It was a fateful decision, one which was to break the Government. 这是一项将会让政府垮台的重大决定。,retraction,the act of pulling or holding or draw
4、ing a part back Hes hoping that if he makes me feel guilty, Ill retract. 他指望着如果他能让我感到内疚，我就会收回所说的话,deliverance,recovery or preservation from loss or danger The opening scene shows them celebrating their sudden deliverance from war. 开场的一幕是他们在庆祝自己突然从战争中解脱了出来。,ghetto,a poor densely populated city distri
5、ct occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions .the black ghettos of New York and Los Angeles. 纽约和洛杉矶的黑人聚居区,ambitious,having a strong desire for success or achievement The ambitious project was completed in only nine months. 这个规模宏大的项目只用了9个月就完成了。,t
6、ransient,one who stays for only a short time; a hotel for transients. 为过路客人开设的旅馆,way station,a stopping place on a journey It was like a way station on the road to early retirement. 它就像早退休路上的一个中间站。,prime,something that is most important in a situation. Political stability, meanwhile, will be a prime
7、 concern. 同时，政治稳定性将放在首位,underscore,give extra weight to (a communication); The rash of accidental shootings underscores how difficult it will be to restore order here. 一连串的意外枪击事件凸显了恢复该地区的秩序有多困难。,accordingly,(sentence connectors) because of the reason given The new government will make a judgment abo
8、ut its interests and act accordingly. 新政府将对其利害得失作出判断，并采取相应的行动。,rumor,gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth Rumor has it that he is having an affair with his secretary. 谣传他和他的秘书有暧昧关系。,by choice,not by chance; with intention; in an intentional manner John helpe
9、d his father by choice. 约翰自愿帮他父亲。,state of mind,a temporary psychological state Hes in hospital, and in a confused state of mind. 他住院了，意识仍然不清。,take up the freshman year,读大学一年级,It was to me less of a departure,对于我来说，这不是一次离别,the stepping off point,a starting point,Odyssey,a long wandering and eventful
10、 journey We found how life is a circle in our Odyssey, our travels. 我们发现生命就在我们的奥德赛长途冒险之旅过程中是如何去形成了一个圆圈,in droves,成群结队，陆陆续续 People were leaving the countryside in droves to look for work in the cities. 一批一批的人离开农村到城里找工作。,intrigue,cause to be interested or curious The novelty of the situation intrigued
11、 him. 周围环境的独具一格令他着迷。,demonstrate,provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by ones behavior, attitude, or external attributes; You have to demonstrate that you are reliable. 你得证明自己是靠得住的。,recall,the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort); As I r
12、ecall, youre not on the board, Joe; youre only a minor shareholder. 我记得你并没有进董事会，乔，你只是一个小股东而已。,oratorical contest,演讲比赛 His oratorical efforts evoked no response in his audience. 他的雄辩在听众中不起反响。,customary,commonly used or practiced; usual; It is customary to offer a drink or a snack to guests. 向客人提供一杯饮料
13、或一份点心是一种习俗。,exodus,a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors. 由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃,wear thin,deteriorate through use or stress His patience began to wear thin during the long wait. 在长期的等待中，他的耐性慢慢消失了,stigma,a sym
14、bol of disgrace or infamy There is very little stigma attached to crime and criminals. 人们几乎都不把犯罪和罪犯视为一种耻辱,resort,If you resort to a course of action that you do not really approve of, you adopt it because you cannot see any other way of achieving what you want 诉诸，采取 Some schools have resorted to rec
15、ruiting teachers from overseas. 有些学校不得不开始从海外招收老师。,thereafter,from that time on; Inflation will fall and thereafter so will interest rates. 通货膨胀率将下跌，随后利率也将下降。,designation,the act of putting a person into a non-elective position; .the designation of Madrid as European City of Culture 1992. 马德里被命名为 199
16、2 年度的欧洲文化之城,interfere with,干预, 阻挠, 妨碍, 阻止 That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。 The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。,lexicon,a language users knowledge of words Chocolate equals sin in most peoples lexicon. 巧克力在大多数人的字典里等同于罪恶。,fashionable,being or in accordance with current fashion; It bec
17、ame fashionable to eat certain kinds of fish. 吃某些种类的鱼开始流行起来。,exclusive,excluding much or all; especially all but a particular group or minority Many of their cheeses are exclusive to our stores in Britain. 在英国，他们生产的奶酪很多只在我们商店出售。,influx,the process of flowing in .problems caused by the influx of refu
18、gees. 大批难民涌入产生的问题 .the influx of American popcorn into the British market. 美国爆米花大量涌入英国市场,defense,the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions a defendants answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him,reflect,give evidence of a certain behavior We should all give ourselves
19、time to reflect. 我们都应该给自己时间好好想想。 I reflected on the childs future. 我认真考虑了孩子的将来。,crucially,to a crucial degreeThe future of the company will depend crucially on how consumers respond. 这家公司的未来主要取决于消费者的反应。,traumatic,causing physical or especially psychological injury;I suffered a nervous breakdown. It
20、was a traumatic experience. 我曾经神经崩溃过。那是一次痛苦的经历。,Harlem,a district of Manhattan; now largely a Black ghetto,awkward,causing inconvenience I was the first to ask him awkward questions but therell be harder ones to come. 我是第一个向他提出尴尬问题的人，不过还会有人问更难回答的问题。,archetype,an original model on which something is
21、patterned He came to this country 20 years ago and is the archetype of the successful Asian businessman. 他20年前来到这个国家，是成功亚裔商人的典范。,initiative,readiness to embark on bold new ventures She was disappointed by his lack of initiative. 她对他缺少进取心感到失望。,emulate,imitate the function of (another system), as by m
22、odifying the hardware or the software Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers. 历来认为儿子会仿效父亲。,predictable,possible to foretell This was a predictable reaction, given the bitter hostility between the two countries. 考虑到这两个国家之间激烈的敌对情绪，这种反应是可以预见的。,representation,the act of representing; s
23、tanding in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf We have made representations to ministers but they just dont seem to be listening. 我们已经向部长们提出了抗议，但是他们却装聋作哑。,dependency,lack of independence or self-sufficiency We worried about his dependency on his mother. 我们担心他可能对母亲太过
24、依赖。,indifference,unbiased impartial unconcern .his callous indifference to the plight of his son. 他对儿子所处困境的无情漠视,bastard child,私生子 Another woman was awarded relief for her bastard child. 另外一个女人因为她的私生子得到了赔偿。,irreversible,impossible to reverse or be reversed She could suffer irreversible brain damage i
25、f she is not treated within seven days. 如果她在 7 天之内没有得到治疗,她的大脑有可能遭受不可逆转的损伤,legitimation,the act of making lawful The government will not seek to disrupt the legitimate business activities of the defendant. 政府无意干扰被告的合法经营活动。,parallel,If there are parallels between two things, they are similar in some w
26、ays Detailed study of folk music from a variety of countries reveals many close parallels. 仔细研究各国民间音乐后发现了许多非常相似之处。,bootstrap,a strap that is looped and sewn to the top of a boot for pulling it on,tenuous,having little substance or significance The cultural and historical links between the many provi
27、nces were seen to be very tenuous. 许多省份之间的文化和历史纽带被认为是很脆弱的。,shatter,break into many pieces; The car shattered into a thousand burning pieces in a 200mph crash. 汽车在时速为 200 英里时发生撞车，炸成了数以千计燃烧的碎片。,be hailed as / hail,praise vociferously Faulkner has been hailed as the greatest American novelist of his ge
28、neration. 福克纳被誉为他那一代人中最伟大的美国小说家。,It is part of the lip service,口头上作出一些表示的一部分,is obliged to,某人不得不做某事 sb. is obliged to do 某人不得不做某事,shibboleth,a manner of speaking that is distinctive of a particular group of people It is time to go beyond the shibboleth that conventional forces cannot deter. 是时候摆脱那些传
29、统力量无法遏制的陈规陋习了,revolt,make revolution organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another Caroline revolted against her ballet training at sixteen. 卡罗琳16岁时拒绝接受芭蕾舞训练。,identify with,认为等同于； 觉得与有联系； 支持； 同情 We cannot identify happiness with wealth. 我们不能把幸
30、福与财富混为一谈。,spate,(often followed by of) a large number or amount or extent; “a batch of letters“ “a deal of trouble“ “a lot of money“,momentous,of very great significance The past three years have been among the most momentous in world history. 过去的3年是世界历史上最重要的时期之一。,be wrought for,be considered as / f
31、or,militancy,a militant aggressiveness .the rise of trade union militancy. 工会战斗精神的高涨,fulmination,the act of exploding with noise and violence; They all fulminated against the new curriculum. 他们都对新课表表示强烈不满。 .fulminations against the government. 对政府的怒斥,enroll,register formally as a participant or memb
32、er We may enroll another two classes of 20 students each. 我们可以再招收两个班，每班20个学生。,compelling,tending to persuade by forcefulness of argume .a frighteningly violent yet compelling film. 有可怕的暴力镜头但却引人入胜的电影,contrived,showing effects of planning or manipulation There was nothing contrived or calculated about
33、 what he said. 他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。,in the throes of,处于痛苦/困境之中,upheaval,a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally); Wherever there is political upheaval, invariably there are refugees. 哪里有政治动乱，哪里就一定有难民。,spout,If you say that a person spouts something, yo
34、u disapprove of them because they say something which you do not agree with or which you think they do not honestly feel He used his column to spout ill-informed criticism of the Scots rugby team. 他根本不了解苏格兰橄榄球队，却在自己的专栏上对其大加抨击,manifestation,a clear appearance New York is the ultimate manifestation of
35、 American values. 纽约是美国价值观的终极体现。,flourish,grow stronger Racism and crime still flourish in the ghetto. 城市贫民区的种族主义和犯罪仍然十分猖獗。,indigenous,originating where it is found .animals that are indigenous to Asia. 原产于亚洲的动物,watershed,a ridge of land that separates two adjacent river systems The election of Mary
36、 Robinson in 1990 was a watershed in Irish politics. 1990年玛丽鲁宾逊的当选是爱尔兰政治上的一个转折点。,province,the proper sphere or extent of your activities; Industrial research is the province of the Department of Trade and Industry. 工业研究属贸易和工业部的职责范围,affectionate,having or displaying warmth or affection; They seemed d
37、evoted to each other and were openly affectionate. 他们看起来非常恩爱，柔情蜜意溢于言表。,vulnerable,susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation Old people are particularly vulnerable members of our society. 老年人是社会中尤为明显的弱势群体。,stem from,The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid. 当前的罢工浪潮起因于低工资雇员们的不满情绪 His error stems from selfishness. 他犯错误的病根在于私心太重,stake,tie or fasten to a stake; He has staked his political future on an election victory. 他把自己的政治前途押在竞选获胜上。 He has staked his reputation on the outcome. 他将自己的名声赌在了这个结果上。,
