1、APPRECIATION OF GREEK & ROMAN MYTHOLOGY 希腊罗马神话欣赏,About the Course,Course DescriptionRequirements & GradingOutlineRecommended Reading,Course Description,Greek and Roman mythology one of the three origins of western culture having enormous influence upon western literature, arts, astronomy, social lif
2、eTherefore, there is some truth in the saying that without certain knowledge of Greek and Roman mythology, one can never fully understand and appreciate western culture. (eg. literature, arts, character),Significance of the Course,Language,chaotic martial Promethean under the aegis of Jupiter laughs
3、 at lovers perjuries. Far from Jupiter, far from thunder. Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus grows cold.,Literature,Shakespeare (1564-1616) Troilus and Cressida (tragedy) Venus and Adonis (poem),Literature,Shelley (1792-1822) Prometheus Unbound Hymn of Apollo Hymn of Pan Adonis,Keats Endymion Ode to P
4、syche,James Joyce Ulysses (Odyssey),B. ONeill Mourning Becomes Electra(Oresteia),Literature,George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion,Saturn: God of agriculture and father of Jupiter,Astronomy,Ursa Major,Constellation 48 out of 88,Ursa Minor,Constellation,Lyra,Constellation,Hercules,Constellation,Orion,Constell
5、ation,Arts,Da Vinci, 1506,a 16 C. copy after a lost painting by Michelangelo, 1530 (National Gallery, London),Leda and the Swan,Arts,Jacopo Carucci Pontormo 1512-13 意大利佛罗伦萨乌斐兹美术馆.jpg,大理石雕塑 希腊古典时期,Apollo Program Poseidon Submarine Trident I & II missile,Other Aspects,G & R mythology consists of 3 par
6、ts: Origins of the world Lives and adventures of gods & goddesses Lives and adventures of heroes & heroines,Course Description,Things to be Covered in the Course,Course Description,This course introduces: Origins of the world how the world begins its Gods and Goddess who they are and what they do it
7、s Heroes Kings its features what we can know about Greek and Western spirit from the mythology,Requirements & Grading,Course Description,Presentation,On an assigned topic (a word/idiom) PowerPoint; use visual aids about 5 minutes long The presentation should include: Origin (the myth) Meaning Usage
8、(give some examples),Course Description,Outline, Introduction to Mythology G. Mythology vs. R. Mythology Genesis, First Men, and Flood Major Gods and Goddess Features of G. & R. Mythology,Course Description,Recommended Reading,希腊罗马神话一百篇（英汉对照） 陶洁等选译， 中国对外翻译出版公司 1989 古希腊神话（英汉对照） 折鸿雁译， 西北工业大学出版社 1999 希
9、腊罗马神话（英文） 常耀信编注， 外语教学与研究出版社 1981 希腊的神话和传说（中文） (德)斯威布著；楚图南译 , 人民文学出版社，1958 希腊古典神话（中文）(德)古斯塔夫施瓦布著；曹乃云译， 译林出版社，1995,Recommended Website, http:/ www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/ ,Introduction to Mythology,What is Mythology,Myths Fairy Tales Fables,后羿射日,黄帝的故事,大禹治水,Commonplace Definition,sto
10、ries of a particular culture that it believes to be true and that feature a specific religious or belief system a collection of stories belonging to a group of people, which addresses their origin, history and heroes the projection of human images into the infinite unknown; or, the expression of rel
11、igious meaning through stories and symbols,Basic Points,Mythology is the primitives childish understanding of the world and life.Mythology is the combination of primitive life and primitive religion.Mythology is handed down orally from generation to generation.,Contents,开辟神话 神祗神话 自然神话 冥世神话 风俗神话 动植物神
12、话 英雄神话与传说,Greek Mythologyvs. Roman Mythology,Greek Civilization,Roman Civilization,&,Greek & Roman Civilization,Greek Civilization,Minoan Age,The Dark Ages,Mycenaean Age,Pre-eminent Stage,(2000 - 1400 BC),(1400 - 1100 BC),(1100 - 750 BC),(750 - 146 BC),Minoan Age,Centering on the island of Crete Nam
13、ed after the legendary king Minos Bronze Age civilization,(2000 - 1400 BC),克诺索斯王宫遗址 距今3000多年前，克里特岛北部城市克诺索斯在卫生和舒适方面达到了相当现代化的水准。取暖、排水设施精良。历史上第一个把浴缸引进日常生活的城市。,Mycenaean Age,Named for the kingdom of Mycenae High cultural achievement Basis for subsequent myths of the heroes It was cut short by widespread
14、 destruction ushering in the Greek Dark Age,(1400 - 1100 BC),国王的面具 黄金制品 迈锡尼 公元前16世纪,The Dark Ages (1100 - 750 BC),1100 BC - fall of the Mycenean civilizations 750 BC - readoption of writing After the Trojan Wars the Mycenaeans went through a period of civil war, the country was weak and a tribe call
15、ed the Hellens took over.,A small tribe of shepherds from the banks of the River Danube; Backward culture,Pre-eminent Stage(1),developed the most widespread and influential new political forms, the city-stateGreek colonization of Southern Italy and Sicily,(750-500 BC ),Conflict with the kingdom of P
16、ersia Athens reached its greatest political and cultural heights Wars between Athens and Sparta Conqueror Alexander the Great;Greece extended to Asia, Europe and Africa,Pre-eminent Stage(2),(500 -336 BC ),Full development of the democratic system of government the building of the Parthenon on the Ac
17、ropolis the creation of the tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides the founding of the philosophical schools of Socrates and Plato,Pre-eminent Stage(2),336-146 BC Death of Alexander the Great ;breakdown of the empire establishment of Roman supremacy,Pre-eminent Stage(3),Rise of Rome (753 50
18、9 BC),the city of Rome (founded in 753 B.C.) a settling place for herder-farmers along the Tiber Riveracceptance of Greek Culture creation of Latin language,Roman Civilization,The Roman Republic (509 31 B.C.),Roman expansion political system & law imitation of Greek culture,The Roman Empire (31 BC A
19、D 476),Achievements in culture Literature Arts (architecture) Philosophy Law Influence of Greek culture,Aqueduct,Greek Mythologyvs. Roman Mythology,Greek Mythology,For quite a long period: oral tradition; tanglesome; contradictory Homer: two epic poems (start of Greek literature) Iliad 伊利亚特The last
20、year of Trojan War (the last 51 days);Agamemnon; Achilles; Patroclus vs. HectorHera & Athena vs. Aphrodite & Apollo Odyssey 奥德赛Odysseus Hesiod: (赫西俄德) Theogony 神谱 (735 BC),Three Greatest tragedians (6th-5th BC) Aeschylus (埃斯库罗斯)Prometheus Bound; Prometheus Unbound ;Agamemnon ; Sophocles (索福克勒斯)Oedip
21、us Tyrannus Euripides (欧里庇得斯)Daughters of Pelias (story of Medea),Highlighting the power of the gods; objects to symbolize godsLightening Jupiter Spear MarsRoman gods are more closely related to agriculture, animal husbandry & family lifeVenus Vesta,R.M. before Greek Influence,Roman Mythology,build
22、temples for gods bestow human shape to gods blending of Greek and Roman gods eg: Jupiter JunoMinerva Apollosame image and personality, and same relation as those in GM,R.M. after Greek Influence,Literature,Vergil (70 19 BC) Aeneid 伊尼伊德an epic modeled after Homer and filled with material drawn from G
23、reek legend. Adventure of a Trojan hero, Aeneas (Troilus)Ovid (43 BC 17 AD) Metamorphoses 变形记an entertaining and lively rendering of Greek mythological stories into Latin,Zeus Hera Athena Apollo Artemis Aphrodite Ares Hephaestus Hermes Demeter Dionysus Poseidon Hades Persephone Eros,Jupiter Juno Min
24、erva Apollo Diana Venus Mars Vulcan Mercury Ceres Bacchus Neptune Pluto Proserpina Cupid,宙斯 赫拉 雅典娜 阿波罗 阿耳特弥斯 阿弗洛迪特 阿瑞斯 赫菲斯托斯 赫尔墨斯 德墨特耳 狄俄尼索斯 波塞冬 哈得斯 珀耳塞福涅 厄洛斯,朱庇特 朱诺 密涅瓦 阿波罗 迪安娜 维纳斯 马尔斯 伏尔甘 墨丘利 克瑞斯 巴克斯 涅普顿 普路同 普洛塞庇娜 丘比特,The Olympians,Zeus zju:s Hera hir Athena i:n Apollo plu Artemis :timis Aphrodite
25、 .frdaiti Ares ri:z Hephaestus hifi:sts Hermes h:mi:z Demeter dimi:t Dionysus .dainaiss Poseidon psaidn Hades heidi:z Persephone p:sefni Eros ers,Jupiter du:pit Juno du:nu Minerva min:v Apollo plu Diana dain Venus vi:ns Mars m:z Vulcan vlkn Mercury m:kjuri Ceres siri:z Bacchus bks Neptune neptju:n Pluto plu:tu Proserpina prs:pin Cupid kju:pid,ABCs of Chinese Mythology,Classical works Major characters Features,
