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2015考研完形填空分析总结.ppt

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1、2015年考研英语完形填空 Alex Wan,Why you are here today?,I came, i saw, i conquered.I fought, i thought, and i would succeed no matter what!,考研考什么? 考研靠什么?,毅力 determination/resolution 坚持 persistence/perseverence 忍耐 tolerance,考研考什么? 考研靠什么?,我的3个roomate的故事:A.河北师范学院幼师毕业,辞职到北京考研,先就职于德勤, B.河北师范大学自考专科,本科毕业,考到对外经济贸易大学

2、公费,先就职于国家开发银行深圳分行 C.安徽财经大学英语本科毕业,考到对外经济贸易大学,现在美国作housewife,衣食无忧,飞来飞去,考研考什么? 考研靠什么?,这说明了什么?学得好不如嫁得好?他们都在考研中坚持了下来,并通过考研找到了一个新的平台,成功改变了自己的命运!,考研英语完形填空讲座,你自己的勤于练习,苦于揣摩,考研历年真题详解,完形填空的解题思路和步骤,完形填空的命题特点,完形填空在考研英语中的比重,完形填空在考研英语中的比重,完形填空即考研英语的第一部分英语知识应用,大纲规定该部分不仅考察对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度,而且还考察考生对语段特

3、征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。,Percentage,完形填空在考试中所占的分值是10%。在2001年题型改革之前,1994年到2000年的7篇完形文章中各含有10道题,累计10分。2001年改革后到现在,每篇文章中含有20道题,但总分值没有发生变化,每题改为0.5分。,完形填空的命题特点,完形填空试题主要是用来考查考生综合运用各项英语基础知识的能力,特别是考查考生对文章整体内容理解的深度。它要求在熟练掌握语法、词语和其他语言知识的基础上,善于完整地、全面地接受文章内容,认识文章的结构和各部分的逻辑关系,善于在文章中发现并捕捉信息点,通过分析思考,做出准确的判断,选出最符合文章内容要求

4、的答案。大纲要求:在一篇240-280词的文章中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。,Have a try!,As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly cant remember 1_ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance

5、s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2_, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.“ 3_ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4_ impact on our professional, social, and personal 5_. 1. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy 2. Aimproves Bfades C

6、recovers Dcollapses 3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhile 4. Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscure 5. Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship Doutlook,How many have you got correct?What can we learn from your mistakes?,Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres act

7、ually a lot that can be done. It 6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7_ can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8_. Thinking is essentially a 9_ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10_ in making the

8、connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11_, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12_ mental effort. 6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures 7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations 8. Agenre Bfunc

9、tions Ccircumstances Dcriterion 9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess 10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature 11. A Therefore B Moreover C Otherwise D However 12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of,完形填空的命题特点,出题的三个方向,1,主要考试题型及备考策略,2,出题的三个方向,总的来说,完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感, 是从语篇(discou

10、rse)的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此,考试出题的三个方向是:1. 词汇(占:2/3左右)完形填空对英语词汇的考查,重点在词语搭配上。其次,还对近义词、形近词有所偏重。因此,在复习上,考生要以大纲词汇为主,重点加强英语词汇的基础应用。,But they insisted that its 43_ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English populatio

11、n. 43.AmomentaryBprompt Cinstant Dimmediate (1998年真题) 答案:D,出题的三个方向,2. 语法结构:完形填空中语法结构辨析题所占比重较大,其中句法结构占20%-25%的比例,介词及连词用法占15%的比例。语法结构辨析题包含对定语从句、名词性从句、倒装语序、虚拟语气、比较结构和非谓语动词的考查。因此在复习时考生要重点掌握常考语法考点,了解考查类型及出题角度。,He will not buy a poorly made auto, if there is a better _ for sale at the same price. A. choic

12、e B. one C. ones D. shop答案:B,出题的三个方向,3. 语篇衔接:语篇理解题是完形填空中难度较大的一种类型,主要包括逻辑关系、上下文推理与衔接等。语义辨析题需要通过语篇或上下文信息才能够准确判断的题型,主要遵循承上启下的解题原则,即只有联系前文或后文的信息才能够准确判断正确答案,建议复习时重点关注文章逻辑关系,学会在上下文中寻找解题信息。, 44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers.

13、A Even though B Now that既然 C If only D Provided that 【1997】,He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. 41. A other than B as well as C instead of D more than 【2000】,出题的内容及主题,1994年-词的使用(th

14、e choice of words) 1995年-睡眠(sleep) 1996年-维生素(vitamins) 1997年-人力资源公司与临时就业 (Manpower Inc. and temporary employment) 1998年-工业革命 (Industrial Revolution) 1999年-工业安全 (industrial safety) 2000年-农民的生产与消费 (a famers consumption revolution) 2001年-买通证人问题 (witness payments) 2002年-通讯革命 (the communication revolutio

15、n) 2003年-青少年与变化 (young adults and changes),出题的内容及主题:偏向社会学,2004年-青少年犯罪的原因 (the causes of juvenile delinquency) 2005年人的鼻子 (the human nose) 2006年流浪者问题 (the problem of homeless ) 2007年-政治与宗教(politics & religion) 2008年-智力的进化(evolution of intelligence) 2009年-聪明的代价(cost of smarts) 2010年-质疑霍桑效应(经济学问题) 2011年

16、-幽默(how humor makes U friendlier,sexier?) 2012年-ethics,politics & law 2013年-a question of judgement 2014年-memory & aging,考研阅读文章的来源:,Economist、Newsweek和Times等是比较重要的杂志,题材偏重的文章内容涉及社会科学、自然科学和人文科目各个领域的知识。提醒: 征服考研英语的正道就是,以真题研究为主,读外刊文章辅之,而且外刊文章必须大量精读几十篇,只靠真题几篇文章是不够的。,前期准备,Economist 每日一篇 2010年-2011年 http:/

17、经典译文赏析 eco中文网 http:/www.ecocn.org/bbs-121-1.html,主要考试题型及备考策略,词汇题(比重最大),语法题,语篇题,三大题型,词汇题,词汇是使用语言表达思想时所需的最基本的要素。英语中的一些词汇的运用非常灵活,一个词可以用作不同的词性,搭配和词义也有所变化。例如:green可以做三种词性形容词、名词和动词,搭配和用法都有所不同。有些动词可以组成若干个动词词组,比如动词get, come, go等。这就要求考生在熟记词义的同时灵活掌握词汇在不同语境的运用。实际上,“英语知识运用”不但要求考生掌握所规定词汇的意义,而且要求考生能在实践中运用恰当的词汇。,词

18、汇题,这类题型主要考察以下几个方面:(1)单纯地考察单词或者短语的释义、习语(即一些固定词组的意义)以及固定搭配(介词与名词、介词与形容词、介词与动词、动词与副词、动词与名词的搭配等)例如: 1), Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a _bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(2001) A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draft答案:D (单词释义),词汇题,2)There can be no question about

19、 the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety _. (1999) A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案:C (介词与动词的搭配),词汇题,3)As was discussed before, it was not _1_the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of th

20、e pamphlet and the book and in the _2_ of the periodical.(2002) 1. A. after B. by C. during D. until2. A. process B. company C. light D. form答案:1. D (固定搭配) 2. B (习语固定词组释义),词汇题,4),when West Indian planters refused to _ concessions,A. pass B. declare C. endure D. make答案:D (动词与名词的搭配),词汇题,5)As far as pu

21、nctuation is _, a row of exclamation or questionA. used B. known C. concerned D. observed答案:C (习语固定词组释义),词汇题,(2)词义辨析题 主要考察两方面: 一是形近义异词、形异义近词的辨析(这类题较难) 例如: 1)Since chimpanzees do not appear to have developed complex language, the study suggested the finding could mean three _ things.A. distinct B. in

22、stinct C. extinct D. succinct答案:D (形近义异词辨析),词汇题,2)Experts said the study _ new questions about the ability of chimpanzees to communicate.A. lifted B. upheld C. raised D. aroused答案:C(形异义近词辨析),词汇题,二是根据上下文对形容词,名词,副词,动词的异形异义词的辨析选择。,词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),例如:1)It is generally recognized, however, that the int

23、roduction of the computer in the early 20th century, _1_by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately _2_.(2002) 1. A. brought B. followed C. stimulated D. characterized 2. A. apparent B. desirable C.

24、negative D. plausible 答案:1. B (动词词义辨析)2. A (形容词词义辨析),词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),2)As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as _1_, with display becoming sharper and storage _2_ increasing. (2002) 1. A. institutional B. universal C. fundamental D. in

25、strumental 2. A. ability B. capability C. capacity D. faculty答案:1. A (形容词词义辨析) 2. C (名词词义辨析),词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),3)He must either sell some of his property or _ extra funds in the form of loans. (2000)A. search B. save C. offer D. seek答案:D (名词词义辨析),4)When the work is well done, a _ of accident-free op

26、erations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (1999)A. regulation B. climate C. circumstances D. requirement答案:B (名词词义辨析),词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),5)Successful safety programs may _ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.A. alter B. differ C. shift

27、D. distinguish答案:B (动词词义辨析),词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),词汇题:词义辨析(近年有增加趋势),6)Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the _1_ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult _2_ visible in the background. (2003)1. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security 2. A.

28、 particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely答案:1. D (名词词义辨析) 2. B (副词词义辨析),Given the intensified situation in that region, the company cannot tackle the current_ difficulty.A. economic B. economical C. financial D. economics,It is no (2) that a large number of violent crimes are committed under t

29、he influence of alcohol. According to the latest statistics, every year, in New York alone, murders due to alcohol abuse A) coincidence B) occurrence C) inspiration D) intuition,The new secretary has written a remarkably (1) report. With a few hundred words, she incorporated all the required details

30、. A) concise B) brisk C) precise D) elaborate,The (1) of knowledge is largely through diligence, which seems to be ignored by many college students.A. study B. learning C. acquisition D. controlling,词汇题备考策略,熟记常用词组,熟记常用词组,考研词汇的考试范围在考试大纲所规定的单词范围以内。但是大纲没有列出词组,所以考生们要自己掌握相应的词组。特别注意两点: 一些词可以同许多词搭配构成词组时的不同

31、含义 一个词组有几种不同的含义,熟记常用词组,例如: get about/around/round:(消息、谣言等)传开 get across:(使)被理解;(把)讲清楚 get at:到达,够着;意指,了解;掌握,查明 get by:通过,走过;(勉强)过活 get over:克服(困难、偏见等);从(病、损失等)中恢复过来;把忘怀;原谅 ,熟记常用词组,因此,要掌握好词组及其用法是要下一番功夫的。 考生在记忆单词时,不能机械地死记硬背,要将词组放到具体的语境中去体会,依据上下文的意思来帮助理解和记忆。否则,词义极易被混淆,即使花上大力气,往往会事半功倍,效果不尽人意。,掌握词汇的搭配,熟悉

32、词汇的搭配是词汇学习的一个重要方面。只知词义,不知其用法,是考生词汇学习中的一个大问题。学生“掌握”的词汇中,绝大部分是认知词而不能将“掌握”的词汇应用到语言表达中去,其中一个主要原因就是对词汇的搭配不熟悉,而仅仅记住了孤立的词义。掌握词汇的搭配不仅对解答完形填空有益,还有助于考生做好其他项目的考题,如翻译、写作等。,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,介词+名词 in advance:提前,预先 in the air:在流传中,在传播中 in all:总共,总计 in brief:简言之 in case:假如,万一 in any case:无论如何,总之 in no case:绝不 in charge

33、:负责,主管 in common:共用,共有,共同 in conclusion:总之 in consequence: 因此,结果 in danger:在危险中 in debt:负债 in detail:详细地 in difficulties:处境困难 in the distance:在远处 in effect:有效,实际上 in the end:最后,终于 in essence:大体上,本质上 in any event:无论如何 in exchange:交换 in fact:事实上,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,介词+名词 on business:因公 on the contrary:反之,正相反

34、 on duty:值班,上班 on earth:究竟,到底 on fire:着火 on foot:步行 on guard:警惕,防范 on hand:在手边,临近 on occasion:有时,不时 on ones honor:以名誉担保 on second thought:经重新考虑 on the sly:偷偷地,冷不防地 on ones own:独自地 on purpose:故意地 on sale:出卖 on a large scale:大规模地 on schedule:按预定时间 on the spot:当地,在现场 on time:准时 on the whole:总的来说, on th

35、e side:作为兼职,额外 out of breath:上气不接下气 out of control:失去控制 out of danger:脱离危险,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,介词+名词 out of balance:失去平衡 out of date:过期 out of fashion:过时 out of order:失调,发生故障 out of place:不适当的 out of sight:在视野之外, out of step:不协调,步调不一致 out of work:失业,be+形容词+介词,be absorbed in:专心于 be accustomed to:习惯于 be afra

36、id of:害怕 be anxious about:忧虑 be apparent to:明显 be applicable to:适用于 be appropriate to:适合于 be ashamed of:为感到惭愧 be aware of:知道,意识到 be beneficial to:有益于 be capable of:可以的 be certain of:确信 be concerned with:关心,挂念,从事于 be concerned about:担心,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,be confident of/in:确信 be conscious of:意识到 be consist

37、ent with be doubt of/about:对有怀疑 be eager for:渴求 be equivalent to:等于,相 be essential to:对不可少 be familiar to/with:熟悉(为所熟悉) be fit for/to:适合于 be guilty of:有罪 be helpful to:对有益 be identical with:与相同 be inadequate to:不充足 be incapable of:不能的 be incompatible with:与不相容的 be inferior to:低于 be jealous of:妒忌 be

38、keen on:喜欢,渴望 be liable for:有的责任 be loyal to:忠于 be parallel to:和平行 proportional to:与成比例,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,be+形容词+介词 be ready for:为做好准备 be relative/relevant to:与有关,涉及 be representative/Indicative of:可代表的 be resistant to:抵抗,反抗 be responsible for:对负责 be rich in:富有 be sensible to:对敏感 be separate from:与分离,名词+

39、介词,attempt at:对的尝试 attraction to:对的吸引 authority on:(方面)的权威 attitude to:对的态度 attendance at:出席 bargain with:与讨价还价 candidate for:的候选人 capacity for:的能力 care for:对的关心 collision with:与的碰撞或冲突 comment on:对的评论 caution against:对的防备 comparison with:与比较 compensation for:对的补偿,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,名词+介词 lecture on:有关的演讲(

40、讲课) leisure for:有空做某事 limit to:对的限制 longing for:对的渴望 loyalty to:对的忠诚 obedience to:对的服从 objection to:对的反对 observation on:对的见解、评论 operation on:做的手术 passion for:对的爱好 pity for:对的同情 preface to:的序言 precaution against:预防的措施 preference for:对的偏爱 preparation for:为而做的准备 pride in:为而感到自豪、骄傲 proficiency in:对的精通 p

41、rohibition of:对的禁止 reason for:的理由 reference to:对的提及 reflections on:对的反思、回忆 reliance on:对的依靠 remarks on:对的评论 requirement for:对的要求,常用与介词有关的搭配总结,名词+介词 research into/on:对的研究 resistance to:对的研究 respect for:对的尊重 responsibility for:对负有责任 reward for:对的回报 search for:对的搜查 sorrow for:对的遗憾 success in:在方面成功 susp

42、icion of:对的怀疑 sympathy for/with:对的同情 traitor to:的叛徒 trust in:对的信任 vicinity to:的近邻 witness to/of:的见证人 wonder at:对的惊讶 zeal for:对的热情、热心,归纳区分近义词以及一些同范畴的词,将近义词以及一些同范畴的词放在一起记忆,可以帮助考生记忆单词,扩大词汇量。 例如: Tease/mock/scorn/laugh/criticize Anger/fury/rage/indignation adequate/enough/sufficient deal with/address to

43、/handle/tackle/cope with survey/poll/investication thing/occcurence/coincidence/affaire/scandal/event 在区分同义词、近义词时注意区分两方面: 1. 词的意义 2. 词的用法(包括搭配),利用词根词缀扩展词汇,大纲中列出一些前缀与后缀,考生需要牢记。 例如:ultrasound“超声波”(大纲中没有) -ultra-表示“超”;“过”(大纲中有) -sound表示“声音”(大纲中有) ultravioletpro-reform party pro-abortion law pro-gay bil

44、ldeforestation deglobalization,语法题,全面、扎实的语法知识在做题中至关重要,可以帮助考生更好地把握上下文的内容和逻辑关系。 例如: Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, _1_ do they construct or build any part of the body

45、. A. either B. so C. nor D. never答案:1. C,语法题,语法题,(6)形容词和副词的 比较结构以及特殊结构,(5)倒装、强调、 否定、反义疑 问句,插入语 等特殊句型,(4)主从复合句及 连接用语的用法,(2)虚拟语气,(3)非限定性动词 (非谓语动词),(1)动词的时态和语态,动词的时态和语态,根据大纲的要求,动词的时态主要考察以下五种: 一般现在时,一般过去时,进行时,完成时,以及含有将来时间的时态。,动词的时态和语态,动词的语态主要有主动和被动,下面是运用被动语态的几种特殊情况:1)有些表示状态或特征的及物动词没有被动形式,如:become, conta

46、in, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit等。 例如: He became a boss at the age of 62.,动词的时态和语态,2)某些动词的主动语态形式表示被动含义,如:feel, smell, taste, look, write, wash, read, cut, sell等。 例如: The food smells delicious.3)动词want, need, desire, require, deserve和介词worth之后直接接动名词形式表示被动的含义。 例如: The engine needs a thorough examination.,(4)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.,

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