1、港口国监督检查问答Interlocution in the Port State Control第一章 定义和常用缩略语一 定义1. Clear grounds: Evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the requirements of the relevant conventions or that the master or crewmembers are not familiar with essential shipboard procedu
2、res relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution.明显依据：船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据，或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。2. Deficiency: A condition found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the relevant convention.缺陷：发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况。3. Detention: Intervention action taken by
3、the port State when the condition of the ship or its crew does not correspond substantially with the applicable conventions to ensure that the ship will not sail until it can proceed to sea without presenting a danger to the ship or persons on board, or without presenting an unreasonable threat of h
4、arm to the marine environment.滞留：当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时，港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。4. Inspection: A visit on board a ship to check both the validity of the relevant certificates and documents, and the overall condition of the ship, its equipment, and its crew.检查：登船查验有关证书、文件的有
5、效性和船舶及其设备的总体情况。5. More detailed inspection: An inspection conducted when there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificates.详细检查：当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。6. Port Stat
6、e Control Officer (PSCO): A person duly authorized by the competent authority of a Party to a relevant convention to carry out port State control inspections, and responsible exclusively to that Party.港口国监督检查官（以下简称检查官）：经有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督检查，并只对缔约国负责的人员。7. Stoppage of an operation: Formal prohib
7、ition against a ship to continue an operation due to identified deficiencies, which singly or together, render the continuation of such operation hazardous.停止作业：由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别的缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险，而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。8. Substandard ship: A ship whose hull, machinery, equipment, or operational safety is su
8、bstantially below the standards required by the relevant convention or whose crew is not in conformance with the safe manning document.低于标准船：船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员档的船舶。9. Valid certificates: A certificate that has been issued directly by a Party to a relevant convention or on its
9、 behalf by a recognized organization and contains accurate and effective dates; meets the provisions of the relevant convention; and, with which the particulars of the ship, its crew and its equipment correspond.有效证书：由有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的，或由缔约国认可的机构代表该缔约国签发的，包括准确和有效地日期，符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。二 常用缩略语10.
10、 Abbreviations英文缩写DOC Document of Compliance符合证明SMC Safety Management Certificate安全管理证书SMS Safety Management System安全管理体系ILL International Load Line国际载重线IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention国际防止油污OPA 90 Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (USA)1990 年油污法（美国）AIS Automatic Identification System自动识别系统IGS In
11、ert Gas System惰性气体系统MOU Memorandum of Understanding 备忘录SOP Standard Operating Procedure标准操作程序SOPEP Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan船上油污应急计划VDR Voyage Data Recorder航行数据记录仪GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System全球海上遇险与安全系统三 缺陷代码及纠正条款说明11. Action Codes 行动代码10 deficiency rectified缺陷已纠正15
12、rectify deficiency at next port缺陷在下一港纠正16 rectify deficiency within 14 days缺陷在 14 天内纠正17 master instructed to rectify deficiency before departure通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷18 rectify non-conformity within 3 months在 3 个月内纠正不符合项19 rectify major non-conformity before departure在开航前纠正严重不符合项30 detainable deficiency可滞留的缺
13、陷35 detention raised解除滞留36 ship allowed to sail after follow-up detention在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航40 next port informed通知下一港45 next port informed to re-detain通知下一港再次滞留50 flag State/consul informed通知船旗国/领事机构55 flag State consulted咨询船旗国60 region State informed通知地区国70 classification society informed通知船级社80 tempora
14、ry substitution of equipment临时替代设备85 investigation of contravention of discharge provisions (MARPOL)调查违规排放（MARPOL）95 letter of warning issued签发警告信96 letter of warning withdrawn收回警告信99 other (specify in clear text)其它（详细说明）注： 这 里引用的是 东 京 备 忘 录 的行 动 代 码 ，其它 备 忘 录 的情况大同小异。第二章 港口国监督检查概述12 General概要Port S
15、tate Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. T
16、he primary responsibility for ensuring that a ship maintains a standard at least equivalent to that specified in international conventions rests with the flag State and if all flag State performed their duties satisfactorily there would be no need for port State control. Unfortunately this is not th
17、e case as evidenced by the many marine accidents around the world hence the need for additional control.港口国监督是港口国当局对抵港的外国籍船舶实施的，以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约要求、船舶的配员与操作符合适用的国际规范为目的的一种检查。确保船舶保持国际公约中所规定的标准时船旗国的首要责任，如果所有的船旗国都能令人满意的履行他们的职责，那么港口国监督就没有必要存在。不幸的是，实际情况却并非如此，世界范围内发生的诸多海难事故已经证明了这一点，因此这种额外监控也就成为必然。The author
18、ity for exercising PSC is the national law based on relevant conventions. It is therefore necessary for a port State to be Party to those conventions and to have promulgated the necessary legislation before exercising PSC. In accordance with the provisions of the applicable conventions, Parties may
19、conduct inspections of foreign ships in their ports through Port State Control Officers (PSCOs).港口国监督的实施是通过基于相关国际公约的国内法所授权的。 因此，港口国必须是这些公约的缔约国，而且，在实施港口国监督之前要颁布其立法。根据所适用公约的条款规定，港口国可由检查官对抵达其港口的外国籍船舶实施检查。13. Provisions for port State control港口国监督条款IMO conventions place the responsibility for technicall
20、y and environmentally safe ships primarily on the flag State. However, it is recognized that a port State can make a useful contribution to these aims and many conventions, therefore, contain provisions that permit port State control. These include:IMO 的公约把保证船舶的技术安全和环境安全的首要责任放在了船旗国的肩上。然而，普遍认为，港口国能对实
21、现该目标做出贡献，因此，很多的国际公约都包含有港口国监督条款。他们是：(1) SOLAS 74, regulation 1/19, regulation IX/6 and regulation XI/4;1974 年国际海上人命安全公约，第 1/19 条，第 IX/6 条，第 XI/4 条；(2) LOADLINES 66, article 21;1966 年载重线公约，第 21 条；(3) MARPOL 73/78, articles 5 MARPOL 73/78 公约，第 5 条和第 6 条，附则 I 第 8A 条，附则 II第 15 条，附则 III 第 8 条，附则 V 第 8 条；(
22、4) STCW 78, article X and regulation I/4; STCW 78 公约，第 X 条，第 I/4 条；(5) TONNAGE 69, article 12.1969 国际吨位丈量公约，第 12 条。14. Existing regional agreements on port State control现有港口国监督区域协定While national port State control alone will already enhance the safety of ships and the protection of the marine enviro
23、nment, only a regional approach will ensure that substandard ships and substandard operators have fewer places left to hide. Unless a regional approach is adopted, operators will just divert their ships to ports in the region where no or less stringent PSC inspections are conducted. This may serious
24、ly hamper the economical situation of the ports of those countries that do conduct proper inspections. To remedy this and to generally improve the effectiveness of inspections, many regions of the world have already or are beginning to enter into regional agreements on PSC.虽然国家性的港口国监督以加强船舶的安全和环境的保护，
25、而惟有通过区域性的协作才能保证那些低于标准船舶和低于标准船舶经营者越来越无处藏身。如果不采用区域性协作的方式，那么经营者就会把他们的船舶转向没有实施 PSC 检查的地区或者 PSC 检查相对不严格的地区的港口。这将严重妨碍那些实施适当 PSC 检查国家的港口经济形势。为弥补该缺陷并从总体上提高检查效率，世界上的许多地区都已经或者正开始达成区域性的港口国监督协定。At present there are eight regional PSC agreements in operation:目前，有 8 个区域性的港口国监督协定正在运转：(1) the Paris Memorandum of Un
26、derstanding on Port State Control (Paris MOU);巴黎港口国监督谅解备忘录；（2）the Acuerdo de Vi na del Mar (Vi na del Mar or Latin-America Agreement);拉丁美洲协定；（3）the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region (Tokyo MOU);东京备忘录；(4) the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control
27、 in the Caribbean Region (Caribbean MOU);加勒比备忘录；(5) the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Mediterranean Region (Mediterranean MOU);地中海备忘录；(6) the Indian Ocean Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Indian Ocean MOU);印度洋备忘录；(7) the Memorandum of Understanding for th
28、e West and Central African Region (Abuja MOU);西中非备忘录；(8) the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Black Sea Region (Black Sea MOU);黑海备忘录。One further regional agreement is currently under development, it is for the Persian Gulf region.现在，还有一个区域性的协定正在筹备当中，它是波斯湾地区的。15. PSC the futur
29、ePSC 的将来The establishment of worldwide regional port State control is only a beginning.全球范围的区域性港口国监督的建立才刚刚开始。The prospect of global port State control, with exchange of information and harmonization of procedures and training, has even more exciting implications. As more and more statistics and data
30、 are gathered and exchanged by the different PSC Secretariats, this will result in a huge increase in knowledge about substandard shipping. This knowledge is not only useful in itself, it will also provide the maritime community with the opportunity to better analyze the causes of incidents and casu
31、alties and ascertain, more accurately than ever before, how they can be prevented from occurring again.随着信息的交换以及程序和培训的协调统一，全球性的港口国监督已初见端倪。随着各个港口国监督组织的秘书处越来越多地收集并交换统计数据和资料，这将极大地提高对低于标准船舶的认识。这种认识不仅在本质上是有益的，而且它还可以为海运界提供一个更好地分析海上事故原因的方法，这样就可比以前更准确地防止此类事故的再度发生。第三章 港口国监督检查程序Procedures for Port State Contr
32、ol are described in detail in IMO resolution A. 882(21) and regional agreements, which are summarized in the following:港口国监督检查程序在 IMO 的 A. 882（21）决议以及各区域协定里都有详细的阐述，现将其概述如下：16. Selection of ships to be inspected选择受检船舶The Port State Control Officer (PSCO), before visiting the port, select a ship or sh
33、ips to be inspected, taking into account the criteria for the selection of ship stipulated in the MOU. Ships with priority inspection includes ships visiting the port for the first time, vulnerable types of ships such as tankers and bulk carriers, and ships with previous records of detention, etc. I
34、n doing so, PSCO search previous PSC data from regional or national data bank on ships the PSCO intends to visit.船舶到达港口之前，检查官会根据备忘录里规定的选船标准选择受检船舶。优先检查的船舶包括第一次挂靠港口的船舶、油船和散货船等敏感型船舶、有滞留记录的船舶，等等。在选船的时候，检查官会从该国家或该区域的数据库中就以前的港口国监督数据对待检船舶进行调查。17. Initial inspection初检PSCO first checks the certificates and o
35、ther documents carried on board to ascertain that they are valid and in order. He also checks the general condition of the ship in order to satisfy himself that the ship complies with the provisions of the relevant instruments. If everything is in order, the inspection is completed and the ship is a
36、llowed to sail.检查官首先检查船舶配备的证书及其他相关文件，以确认其有效性和正确性。同时，他们也检查船舶的总体状况，确认该船舶是否符合相关公约的条款要求，以使自己满意。如果所有情况良好，检查即告结束，船舶被允许开航。18. Detailed inspection详细检查If, however, PSCO finds that the certificates are not in order, or , after general inspection, considers that there are clear grounds for believing that the s
37、hip does not substantially comply with provision of the relevant instruments, then he carries out detailed inspections. Resolution A.787 (19) defines the clear grounds and describe how to carry out detailed inspection.然而，如果检查官发现证书不符合要求，或者，初次检查后有明显依据认为该船实质上并不符合死昂管公约条款的要求，检查官就会对该船实施详细检查。A. 787(19) 决议定
38、义了明显依据并对如何实施详细检查进行了阐述。19. Detention滞留If PSCO, as a result of detailed inspections, has found deficiencies, he orders to rectify such deficiencies. If the deficiencies are very serious, the ship is detained and will not be allowed to sail until the deficiencies are rectified. In such case, the flag S
39、tate administration and classification society involved are notified. Resolution A. 787 (19) provides for the definition of detainable deficiencies and procedures to be followed in the case of detention.如果检查官在详细检查中发现有缺陷，通常会令船方纠正。如果发现的缺陷非常严重，船舶将会被滞留，直到缺陷被纠正才允许船舶开航。在这种情况下，检查官会通知船旗国主管机关及相应的船级社机构。A. 787
40、 (19) 决议提供了可滞留缺陷的定义以及滞留所应遵守的程序。If the deficiencies cannot to rectified at the port of inspection, PSCO may allow the ship to proceed to the nearest repair yard. Resolution A. 787 (19) and PSC Manual contain procedures to be followed in such case.如果缺陷不能在检查港纠正，检查官可允许船舶驶往最近的修船厂。A. 787 (19) 决议以及港口国监督手册中
41、包含了在该种情况发生时所应遵循的程序。20. Reporting报告After inspection, the ship is provided with Form A of the port State inspection, and in the case of deficiencies, Form B as well. In the case of detention, Forms A and B are transmitted to the flag State. PSCO also send the results of inspection to regional database
42、, such as SIRENAC in St. Malo, France, under the Paris MOU and APCIS in Vladivostok, the Russian Federation, under the Tokyo MOU.检查完毕后，将会给船舶提供一份港口国监督检查的 A 表，当发现缺陷时还有 B 表。如果船舶被滞留，A 表和 B 表会传送给船旗国。检查官也会把检查结果送往区域数据库中心，例如巴黎备忘录位于法国圣马洛的 SIRENCA、东京备忘录位于俄罗斯海参崴的 APCIS。21. Follow-up action后续行动The port States r
43、egularly submit to IMO records for the detention of ships. IMO published the annual detention list. Flag States are obliged to submit to IMO reports on the action taken for detained ships. Many port States and the Paris and Tokyo MOUs publish detention list monthly in their Internet web sites.港口国定期把
44、滞留船舶的记录呈送到国际海事组织（IMO） 。然后，IMO 发布年度滞留单。船旗国必须把对被滞留船舶所采取的措施上报 IMO。许多港口国、巴黎备忘录以及东京备忘录都在他们的国际互联网网址上每月发布船舶滞留单。第四章 港口国监督检查主要项目一、整数和文件22. Before and during inspection, what information should be collected?在检查之前或检查过程中，需要准备哪些资料？Name of ship 船名Flag of ship 船旗Type of ship 船舶类型Call sign 船舶呼号IMO number IMO 编号Gros
45、s tonnage 总吨Deadweight 载重吨Year of build 建造年Classification society 船级社Owner/operator 船舶所有人/经营人Number of crew 船员数量Nationality of crew 船员国籍Type of cargo 货物种类Next port of call 下一挂靠港Date of last PSC inspection 上一次 PSC 检查日期Place of last PSC inspection 上一次 PSC 检查地点Others 其他资料23. Related questions相关问题Whats
46、meaning of your ships name?你的船名是什么意思？Whats call sign of your ship?你船的呼号是什么？Whats your ships nationality?你船的国籍是什么？Whats your IMO number of your ship?你船的 IMO 编号是什么？Which classification society was your ship registered?你船是在哪个船级社注册的？What type is your vessel?你船是哪种类型的船？Our vessel is a general cargo ship/b
47、ulk carrier/container ship/LNG/LPG/timber ship/VLCC/ULCC.我船是一艘杂货船/散货船/集装箱船/液化天然气船 /液化石油气船/木材船/大型油船/超大型油船。When was your ship built up? When did your ship put into use? /When was your ship registered in CCS?你船何时建造？/你船何时投入营运？/你船是何时在中国船级社注册的？Our ship was built up on 1st January 1995. /Our ship came into
48、 service on 2nd March 1996. /Our ship was registered on 3rd May 1992.我船建造于 1995 年 1 月 1 日。/我船在 1996 年 3 月 2 日开始投入营运。/我船是在 1992 年 5 月 3 日注册的。When was last survey carried out?你船上一次检验是什么时候？24. About certificates关于证书Are all required certificates on board valid and respectively endorsed?船上所有要求的证书都经过审核并有效
49、吗？Yes, they are all valid.都经过审核并有效。Show me your certificate files on the ship, Mr. Captain. Let me check International Tonnage Certificate, Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate, Cargo Ship Radio Safety Certificate, and so on.船长，请给我你船的证书文件。我要检查国际吨位证书、货船安全建造证书、货船无线电安全证书，等等。Here you are, Sir. All certificates are available and complete.给，先生。所有的证书都在这里。When operating beyond trade area:当船舶航行超过了规定的航区时：According to the Trade Area
