1、Subject Clause,三 简单句的五种基本类型,I slept. 2. I ate dishes. 3. I was happy. 4. Parents gave me pocket money. 5. Spring festival made me fat.,主+谓 (+Vi ),主+谓+宾 (S+Vt+O),主+谓+间宾+直宾 (S+Vt+IO+O),主+系+表 (S+link-V+P),主+谓+宾+宾补 (S+Vt+O+C),Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you.
2、The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause(主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Grammar,3. To find your
3、way can be a problem.,2. Smoking is bad for you.,1. You are a student.,4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.,5 .What she said is not yet known.,6. That we shall be late is certain.,7. It is certain that we shall be late.,Subject（主语）,A sentence served as subject is called Subject Clause.,一. 句子转化eg: The
4、news makes me laugh.That he failed the test makes me laugh.eg: My hometown is full of wind. Where we grow up is full of wind.eg: A lovely desk mate is needed by me.Who I need is lovely.,主语从句 定义：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,主语从句的引导词：连词 that , whether 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever),
5、 which(ever), what(ever) 连接副词 where ,when ,why ,how,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can
6、be solved.,.,It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.,Subject,Formed Subject,Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.,Real,引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,2. _well go camping tomo
7、rrow depends on the weather .,3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country .,注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _2.That they should like each other is natural._,*it为形式主语,It is natural that the
8、y should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识*_(很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity t
9、hat,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,主语从句
10、的虚拟语气,表 “应该，惊讶、惋惜、遗憾”等意义 It is important /natural /necessary/impossible/strangethat. 谓语形式为:should + V.原形 , should可省略。eg. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 It is strange that_.我们做足够的运动很重要。重要的是我们应该做足够的运动It is important that we should do enough sports.,he should not come,表示“据建议、据要求、据命令” It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/reques
11、ted/ commanded/ insisted/required that 谓语形式:should + V.原形 , should可省略. 据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查_all the passengers_.,It was ordered that,(should) be searched,3) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起*_(刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happe
12、ned that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议 It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 peopl
13、e were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,5)“无关紧要（的是）”It doesnt matter It makes no difference 翻译：一个人是否富有无关紧要_ one is wealthy or not.,It doesnt matter whether,It makes no difference whether,+主语从句,：They should like
14、each other is natural. ：That they should like each other is natural. ：It is natural that they should likeeach other.,：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. ：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,T or F questions,2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists bel
15、ieve is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is n
16、ot decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.,“是否” “whether”“哪一个” “which” （2007年湖北卷第37题） （他是否出过国）doesnt make much difference.（he, abroad） He has been abroad Whether Whether he has been abroad (or not),如何选用连接词？,看意思,“It be/动词_句子” 结构立即套用that还原语序 如果句子成立，那么使用
17、that。 （2011年江苏卷26）It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy That the man hadnt reported the accident sooner was not clear. That,that,看句型,看从句是否缺乏东西（主宾表），如果是，填what（事、物）或者who(人) (2011年湖北卷第76题) （令球迷欣喜的）was that the young player performed exteriorly well in th
18、e table tennis tournament. (delight) Delight vt. 使高兴，欣喜 delight sb. Delight the fans ? Delight the fans What delighted the fans,分析句子成分,如果成分齐全，那么考虑是否需要状语。根据句子的意思确定是需要时间、地点、原因还是方式。（when, where, why, how ） （2008年湖北卷第33题） _（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow） 我成长 I grow up 我成长的地方 Where I grow up
19、Where I grew up,如果句子成分均已饱满，意思也完整，那么考虑使用that。 _ the movie The Adventures of Tintins is to be on made me so excited. the movie is to be on That,That,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.( we will go tomorrow )h
20、asnt been decided yet.,2.( they will arrive )has been told tothe teacher.,What,When/How,Where/whether,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,Who,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming w
21、arm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why /who /what/which/ how much / etc. 来连接主语从句.,Summary:,Subject Clause,3.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,2.That 在主语从句中不能省略.,4.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”,常用 it 作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.4
22、种句型。 5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,注意二：,Whoever (无论谁) = anyone/anybody who（谁）,_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,注意三：,“疑问词+ever”引导主、宾、表、状语从句“No matter +疑问词”只引导状语从句 无论谁违反法律将会受到处罚 _ will be punished._, he will be punished,Whoever breaks laws,No matt
23、er who breaks laws,Whoever breaks laws,主语从句,状语从句,逗号是状语从句的标志,无论,2. _ they can solve the question is stillunknown.A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody.A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as aninternational language.A. Ther
24、e B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious.A. What B. That C. When D. /,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby cry.,What,cry,Make a sen
25、tence,30,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,Translate the sentence,*_(他们很需要帮助)is quite clear.,That they are badly in need of help,20,talk about,the use of cell phone,What they are talking about is the u
26、se of cell phone.,Make a sentence,30,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will.decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,Translate the sentence,*It is known to us_ _(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).,how Mark Twain became a great writer,20,report , g
27、et the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.,Make a sentence,30,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish,*It is important that we will finish
28、 the work on time.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,
29、10,Translate the sentence,*_（她是否出席会议）is not certain.,Whether she will attend the meeting,20,It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.,teacher angry,Dont know the answer,Make a sentence,30,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.Your have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought toturn off the lights.,5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.,we shall,That you have,It is,Whoever,should learn,改错练习,
