1、主语从句 （一）主语从句的标记 主语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型 what 引导。 1. that 引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽
2、慰的。 That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。 That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。 2. whether 引导Whether it will do us h
3、arm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 3. 连接代词引导Whoever (=anyone who) fails to see this will make a big blunder. Whatever(=anything that) she did was reasonable. 无论什么 Anything that she did was reasonable. Whichever (of you) comes in first w
4、ill receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。 Whichever(=anything that) you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。What do you need? What you need is a good rest. I dont know what you need? 4. 连接副词引导When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 When do we arrive? How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How was it done? How
5、this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 How did this happen? How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。 How many people are we to invite? Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。Where do i spend my summer? 5. 连接代词型 what 引导What(=the thing th
6、at) we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 What do we need? What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What=the thing that he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。 What does he say? What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。 What make the river more beautiful are the lotus pl
7、ants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。 What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。 What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。 （二）连接词的选用 1. that 和 what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。what 除起连接作
8、用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如： What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。 2. if 和 whether 的选用引导主语从句，不能用 if，只能用 whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明
9、天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 3. 其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference
10、. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。 4. whatever / whoever 的功用 whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句） （Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks t
11、he law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句） （No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） 5. it 构成的主语从句 （1 ）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。如： It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 需要注意的是，it 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。试比较： It was reported that
12、the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有 that，无逗号） As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无 that，有逗号） 上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击” 。 （2）常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构 It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news）that如： Its a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真
13、是太遗憾了。 It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely）that 需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形” ，即要用虚拟语气。如： It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。 It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 Its clear that they badly need
14、 help. 很明显，他们急需援助。 It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓风很可能马上就要到达了。 It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered）that如： It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。 It seems （happened / appears / doesnt matter / make
15、s no difference / ）that 如： It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。 It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。 巩固练习 1._you have done might do harm to other people. 2. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 3. _ the Games will be held i
16、n Beijing is not known. 4. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 5. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 6. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 7. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. 8. _we cant get seems better than _ we have. 9.
17、_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 10. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 11. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 12. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal名词性从句-主语从句 定义在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句. 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句) 中的连接词 连词
18、: that / whether / as if (though); 连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever 第一部分常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. that
19、在主语从句中有三个特点：不作成分；没有词义；不能省略。（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. （5）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式） （
20、7）What we need is time. （8 ） What we need are good doctors. （主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题）小结: （1) 引导主语从句连词有 that, whether, who, what, whatever 等 （2)连词位于句首不能省略 （3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外, 如例（ 8） 第二部分 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语 it 放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2 ）It is true that he h
21、as made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3 ）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. （6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. - （7 ）It is a pity that we wont
22、 be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. 高中语法-主语从句 2 - （9 ）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is sugges
23、ted that the work should be done with great care. - （12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 小结: （1)以 that 引出的主语从句, 常以形式主语 it 引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词 ed/ + that 从句. It +不及物动词 + that
24、从句. （2) 在有些 that 从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句 4,5,6,11. 主语从句的用法。 主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 主语从句常用 it 作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+名词/形容词/ 过去分词+主语从句或 It +不及物动词 + that 从句. 例如： It is still a question wh
25、ether she will come or not. It is strange that you should like him. It is still unknown which team will win the match. It seems that he has seen the film. 另外，还有一些比较多见的结构： It turned out that； It has been proved that; It happened/occurred that； It is well-known that等等 而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
26、 强调主语： It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 强调宾语：It is English that Professor Lin teaches us. 强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film. 判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将 that 以后的“句子的其余部分 ”拿出来单独看，看高中语法-主语从句 3 有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面 that 前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 (1)
27、It is +名词+that 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is +形容词+that 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is+过去分词 +that 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证
28、实 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. if 可以引导主语从句，但必须放置句尾。 (2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he
29、 failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is
30、 right.高中语法-主语从句 1 名词性从句-主语从句 定义 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句. 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句) 中的连接词 连词: that / whether / as if (though); 连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever 第一部分 常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响
31、和限制。 （1 ） That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. that 在主语从句中有三个特点：不作成分；没有词义；不能省略。 （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. （5
32、 ）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式） （7 ）What we need is time. （8）What we need are good doctors. （主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题）小结: （1)引导主语从句连词有 that, whether, who, what, whatever 等 （2)连词位于句首不能省略 （3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数, 但也有例外,如例（8） 第二部分 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把
33、形式主语 it 放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 （1 ）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. （6 ） I
34、t is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. - （7）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （8 ） It is still a mystery what caused the accident. wk_ad_begin(pid : 21);wk_ad_after(21, function()$(.ad-hidden).hide();, function()$(.ad-hidden).
35、show();); 高中语法-主语从句 2 - （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. - （12 ）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He see
36、ms to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小结: （1)以 that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语 it 引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词 ed/ + that 从句. It +不及物动词 + that 从句 . （2) 在有些 that 从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句 4,5,6,11. 主语从句的用法。 主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不
37、同的，下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 主语从句常用 it 作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句或 It +不及物动词 + that 从句 . 例如：It is still a question whether she will come or not. It is strange that you should like him. It is still unknown which team w
38、ill win the match. It seems that he has seen the film. 另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：It turned out that； It has been proved that; It happened/occurred that； It is well-known that等等 而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+ 被强调部分+that+从句 强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 强调宾语：It is English that Professor Lin teaches
39、us. 强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film. 判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将 that 以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看高中语法-主语从句 3 有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面 that 前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+that 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it
40、 is +形容词+that 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is+过去分词+that 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. if 可
41、以引导主语从句，但必须放置句尾。(2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.
