1、表格图表作文,表格作文写作要点,横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势。 纵向比较。介绍纵向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势。 不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数值最大值和最小值，在对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的,The table below shows information on incomes, taxes and prices in five cities around the world,Brief Analysis,Five cities with three groups of data (what are the typical data) Geneva and
2、Tokyo offer highest salaries in but the taxes are relatively higher Highest tax is found in London, but medium income and rent Lowest wages and taxes are found in Hong kong and Athens Extremely high rent in Tokyo and low rent in Athens,Sample Answers,A comparative study of wages, taxes and rents in
3、five important world cities reveals uneven differences in the cost of living. Geneva and Tokyo offer the highest salaries but, while taxes are higher in Geneva, rents seem enormous in Tokyo. The lowest wages are found in Hong Kong and Athens: 3 and 4 pounds respectively, but while taxes are a little
4、 higher in Athens than in Hong Kong (18.9% vs. 15%), rents are by far cheaper (700 vs. 2400 pounds).,4. Taxes are highest in London at 31.3% while hourly wages are quite low and rents are not excessive. 5. Tokyo, together with Geneva, offers the highest wages (12 and 13 pounds, respectively). Yet, r
5、ents in Tokyo are by far the highest even though taxes are almost the same as those paid in Athens.,Understanding the Material (P.13),The important things to notice are that: the figures show the total number of visitors (from all countries) as well as the number of visitors from the UK and the USA.
6、 the figures show the number of people who went to seven selected countries in the world. the figures for visitors from the UK and the USA are included in the total figures. the figures do not show the total number of British and American people who travelled abroadonly those who travelled to the se
7、ven countries listed on the left. the figures are given in millions of people,Organising the report,The best way to organise this report is to work down the list of countries visited and look at the total numbers of visitors and the numbers from the UK and the USA. Before doing that, check to see if
8、 there are any similarities between any of the countries.,There are two main examples of similarities between the countries visited. First, visitors from the USA make up about 80% of the total number of visitors to both Canada and Mexico. Second, the number of the visitors from both the UK and the U
9、SA to Australia and Thailand are the same (0.3 million in each case). Therefore it may be appropriate to deal with Canada and Mexico together and Australia and Thailand together.,As for the European countries (France, Ireland, and Italy), France and Ireland are similar in that they receive more Brit
10、ish visitors than American ones. However the proportions are different.,The report may include the following parts,1) Introduction. 2) Canada and Mexico. 3) Australia and Thailand. 4) France and Ireland. 5) Italy. 6) Conclusion.,Writing the introduction,Introductions to the reports should be quite s
11、hortrarely more than 2 sentences. Which introduction do you think is the most suitable for this report? Why are the others unsuitable?,Sample 1: “The table shows the total number of visitors to seven countries around the world and details the number of those visitors who came from the UK and the USA
12、. Certain patterns are evident from these figures.” Sample 2:“The table shows the total number of tourists to countries around the world and the number of tourists who came from the UK and the USA. We can see some interesting things from the table.” Sample 3:The table shows the people who go from so
13、me countries to other countries. It is very interesting!,Introduction 1 is the most suitable. It is simple, but clear, and it points out that patterns exist. Introduction 2 is actually incorrect, because it uses “tourist”. The tables says “visitors”, which includes tourists and others, such as busin
14、essmen. The phrase “some interesting things” is not very informative. Introduction 3 is much too simple almost childish.,Writing a paragraph,You can deal with the countries in any order, but lets follow the organization model we prepared above. For the paragraph on Canada and Mexico, we need to incl
15、ude the following information:1. the three figures (in millions of people).2. the fact that Americans make up about 80% of the visitors to these countries.3. the fact that British people make up a small proportion of the visitors to these two countries.,Our paragraph could look something like this:
16、Canada received more than twice as many visitors as Mexico (15 million compared to 7 million), yet the percentage of visitors to those countries form the USA was about the same, 80%. 12 million Americans visited Canada whilst 5.5 million visited Mexico. British visitors to these two countries were m
17、uch fewer in number, with 0.6 million visiting Canada and 0.1 million visiting Mexico.,For the paragraph on Australia and Thailand, we need to include the following information: 1. the three figures (in millions of people). 2. the fact that British and American visitors are equal in number.,Our para
18、graph could look something like this:Australia had half as many visitors as Thailand ( 3 million compared to 6 million), but the number of visitors to those countries from both the UK and the USA was the same, 0.3 million.,For the paragraph on France and Ireland, we need to include the following inf
19、ormation : 1. the three figures (in millions of people). 2. the fact that more British people go there than Americans. 3. France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list. 4. over half of Irelands visitors came from the UK.,Our paragraph could look something l
20、ike this: France and Ireland received more visitors from the UK (7.4 million and 2.4 million respectively) than from the USA (0.1 million and 0.4 million respectively). France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list. Over half of Irelands visitors came from
21、the UK.,The paragraph on Italy could be written like this:Italy received 20 million visitors, of which 1.2 million were from the UK and 1.8 million were from the USA.,Writing the Conclusion,Like introductions, conclusions to the reports should be quite succinct. Which conclusion do you think is the
22、most suitable for this report? Why are the others unsuitable?,Sample 1:The table shows the total number of visitors to the seven countries around the world is different, but sometimes the same (Australia and Thailand). Many British people go to France and many Americans go to Canada and Mexico.Sampl
23、e 2: In conclusion, we can see some countries have similar trends, but Italy doesnt. Sample 3: Although the table shows a limited number of countries, it can be seen that British and American people tend to visit those countries nearest geographically. However, the relationship is not definitive.”,C
24、onclusion 3 is the best, as it acknowledges the limits of the data, yet points out the most obvious trend. Conclusion 1 and 2 are not really specific enough.,Instructions about how to write this report:,You may not need to include all the individual statistics. Look for the trends Is the expected tr
25、ends true in this table?,Sample Answer 1 The graph is the three economic and social indicator which display the figures of GDP per capita, Adult illiteracy and Newspaper Sales per 1000 people for seven American countries including The Bahamas, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Surinam, Jamaica and Cuba in
26、1997.,It can be seen from the table that The Bahamas and Argentina had GDP of $ 13000 and $9100 per capita, respectively. The figures were overwhelmingly greater than the figures of $2600 in Jamaica and $2100 in Cuba Illiteracy rates among adults. The Bahamas and Cuba both reported illiteracy rates
27、of 4.4 while Brazil, Mexico and Jamaica had a rate more than 10. Argentina has a rate of only 3.6.,The table shows that Another indicators, Newspaper Sales per people have a huge number more than 100 of Argentina Surinam and Cuba. This was fllowed by The Bahamas, 99. Mexico 97. Jamaica 63. and Brazi
28、l 40.(145 words),Analysis,Task Fulfillment: The student has not really fulfilled the requirements of the task. Figures tend to be listed and not compared or analysed. Notice that the report is slightly underlength. Coherence and Cohesion: The student does not use enough connectives and the report is
29、 somewhat disjointed, even though it can be followed. Vocabulary and Sentence Structure: There are some grammar mistakes, but the range is limited, manly because the material is listed, not examined. The vocabulary is reasonably good. The student has noticeable problems using commas and full stops.,
30、Sample Answer 2 Indicators of economic and social conditions in seven countries, The Bahamas, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Surinam, Jamaica, Cuba, in 1997, reflect significant differences.It can be seen from the table that The Bahamas and Argentina had GDP $13000 and $8100 per capita, respectively. Th
31、ese figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of $2600 in Jamaica and $2100 in Cuba. While the middle class was composed by Brazil, Mexico, and Surinam, with their GDP per capita ranging from $4900 to $3700.,However, adult illiteracy rate was not proportional with GDP per ca
32、pita in those countries. The lowest countries were less than 4.5%, followed by Surinam, 7.0%. The lowest countries were less than 4.5%, followed by Surinam, 7.0%. The highest one is Brazil, 16, 8%.Countries with low adult illiteracy had better Newspaper sales. Argentina reported 123 per 1000 people,
33、 which is the best, while Brazil claimed only 40.,Analysis,Task Fulfillment: The report is too short. The paragraph on GDP per capita is well written, but the student has not achieved the same standard with the other two sets of figures. The student has noticed that there is little correlation betwe
34、en GDP per capita and illiteracy and that there is somewhat of a correlation between literacy and newspaper sales. (134 words),Coherence and Cohesion: The report is easy to follow and the student uses some connectives appropriately. Vocabulary and Sentence Structure: The vocabulary is good, with onl
35、y a few inappropriacies (“the middle class was composed by”, “Brazil claimed only 40”). The grammar is fairly good and the student has used the past tense correctly.,Instructions about how to write this report: Obviously, you must compare the three sets of information. This is going to be a little d
36、ifficult for seven countries. As there is a lot of information, you may not need to include all the individual statistics. So, the key thing is to look for trends. The expected trend would be that richer countries have lower illiteracy rates (because they have better education systems.) Countries wi
37、th lower illiteracy rates should have higher newspaper sales (because more people can read!). Unfortunately, a quick look at the Bahamas and Cuba seems to indicate that this is not true. The table is confusing, so we should be extra careful not to confuse a reader or get confused ourselves!,Vocabula
38、ry,Nouns: the figures, the percentages, percent, rate, GDP per capita, level Verbs: differ, vary, appear, compare Adj & adv.: more, less, considerably, slightly, relatively, surprisingly, generally, Quantities: half, third, twice, double, triple, nearly /roughly the same, (three) times,Organising th
39、e Report,Introduction: Very short. Say what the table shows in your own words as far as possible. Body: Ideally, three paragraphs (one for each set of figures). In each paragraph, you should try to mention each country, though this is not strictly necessary. Try to group countries which have similar
40、 figures (relatively high / low, or average) within each set. Conclusion: There is little relation between the three sets figures. In particular, the GDP per capita figures bear little relation to the other two sets.,Model Answer,The table shows the GDP per capita, adult illiteracy rates, and newspa
41、per sales per thousand people for seven countries.We can see that GDP per capita varies substantially from 2100 USD in Cuba to 13000 USD in the Bahamas, with 5 of the 7 countries below 5000 USD per capita GDP.,The illiteracy rates also differ considerably. The highest illiteracy rates are for Brazil
42、 (16.8%) and Jamaica (15,2%), whilst Argentina has the lowest rate, at 3.6%. Mexico (at 10.5% and Surinam (7%) lie in the middle. Surprisingly, the adult illiteracy rate for Cuba and the Bahamas is the same, at 4.4%.,Newspaper sales per thousand people are also diverse. Argentina has the lowest illi
43、teracy rate and the highest newspaper sales per thousand people (123/1000). Surinam (122/1000) and Cuba (118/1000) have similar rates. The Bahamas (99/1000) and Mexico (97/1000) have relatively high levels, too. Jamaica (63/1000) and Brail (40/1000) have the lowest levels and have the highest illite
44、racy rates.,From the chart, we can see that there is no relationship between either the adult illiteracy rate, or newspaper sales, and GDP per capita. However, it does appear that the lower the illiteracy rate, the higher the newspaper sales. This can be seen generally, in that the four countries wi
45、th illiteracy rates of 7% or less have the highest newspaper sales.,开头概述常用套句,1）The table shows (reveals, illustrates, demonstrates, depicts, describes, indicates) 2) According to the table, 3) As is shown in the table, 4) Figures / statistics show (that) 5) It is clear from the figures / statistics
46、6) It is apparent from the figures / statistics 7) We can see from the figures / statistics,描述比例常用套句,1）accounts for (takes up ) 20% of all 2) On the top of the list is, which accounts for 70% 3) At the bottom of the list is, which takes up 20% only. 4) A is ranked first, followed by B at 20% and C a
47、t 15%. 5) The figure reached the highest / lowest point in,描述对比常用套句,1）A has almost / nearly/about /over a quarter /half / twice /one third/ as many students as / as much money as B; A has about / approximately / exactly/ precisely the same number/ proportion / amount of students / money as B. 2) A h
48、as something in common with B/ the difference between A and B lies in,描述趋势常用套句,The number increased / rose suddenly/ dramatically/ rapidly / substantially / considerably / sharply from to During there was a sudden / rapid / dramatic/ substantial/ sharp/ considerable rise/ boom in the number of priva
49、te cars fromto The ten years from to witnessed/ saw a steady growth of from to,The number of increased / rose / fell/ dropped/ declined/ decreased by 20%. The number of private cars in was times more than that in . The number of was roughly / about/ approximately doubled/ tripled between and ,结尾常用套句,We can conclude from the table that In short (= In brief), In conclusion, To conclude, it seems clear that From the table / diagram, we can see As can be seen from the chart / table/ diagram, It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ graph/ table / diagram that,
