1、The cognitive approach 认知途径法,Definition,The cognitive approach is an approach to foreign language teaching which is based on the belief that language learning is a process which involves active mental process and not simply the forming of habits.,Background,As the Audio-lingual Method was on the dec
2、line in the 1960s，people tried to find a new method which could meet the new demands in foreign language teaching. There was a revolution in linguistic theory. Cognitive psychology studies process of the mind.,Theoretical basis,Theory of language： 1. Transformational Grammar Chomsky maintained: Lang
3、uage is an intricate rule-based system. 2. Every normal human being is born with a LAD. 3. Students should be allowed to create their own sentence.,Theory of learning: 1. Cognitive psychology. 2. Deals with the study of the nature and learning of systems of knowledge. 3. Emphasizes on the various me
4、ntal processes.,Main features,Concentrate on the processes of knowing .Teachers are required to tell the learner about the language.It believes that learners play a decisive role in foreign language learning.It gives equal importance to all the four skills.It holds that mistakes are unavoidable in t
5、he creative use of language.,To develop the students to the point at which they have a minimum control over the rules that allow native speakers to create the language necessary to communication. To help learners reach a coherent knowledge of the world has a message for us regarding the design of ta
6、sks and activities for language learning.,Techniques: Rule learning Meaningful practice Creativity Exemplification: Introduction of new materials Exercises Application activities,Advantages,Draw attention to important facets of language and language learning. Involve more active use of the students
7、mental power. Utilize all four skills of listening，speaking，reading，and writing from there beginning of there course. Restoring all possible means of learning. Give students opportunities to develop functional performance skills.,Disadvantages,Aiming at meaningful learning，teachers find it difficult
8、 to select and prepare meaningful presentations. Students who slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. There are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use. The method as a system is still not very complete and needs further research and development.,
