1、Direct Speech & Indirect Speech 直接引语 & 间接引语,Contents,引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语（direct speech）；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语（indirect speech）,1、人称的转变,1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be
2、more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend
3、 of his that afternoon.,2、时态的转换,直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时,Eg.“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visi
4、t our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off
5、 to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.,“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether
6、 I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I havent heard from my parents these days.” He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days.,3、
7、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况,1）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 2）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 3）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, wou
8、ld rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.” He said that she must be a teacher. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medi
9、cine.,4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化,1）时间状语： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 Now then tomorrow the next（following）day Today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year） yesterday the day before two days ago two days before last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, ye
10、ar） 2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take Frank said, ”lll come here again tonight” Frank said that he would go there again that night. She agreed, “Ill bring my computer with me” She said
11、 that she would take her computer with her.,5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciat
12、ion.He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked
13、him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our
14、 country.,5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. He told me to be caref
15、ul with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.“Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.,6）有些含有“建议”、“
16、劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：He said, “Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.” He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked
17、me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested going out for a walk.,1.“I have lived in the south for years,” Mrs Duncan said. Mrs Duncan told me (that) she had lived in the south for years.2.“I shall tell him exactly what I think,
18、” she said. She said (that) she would tell him exactly what she thought.3. He said，“Are you interested in English?” He asked (me) if I was interested in English.4. “What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted,5. She said to us，“Please sit down. ” She asked us to sit down. 6. “Ill come
19、and see you again this evening，Tom. ” he said. He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening. 7. “Its Mary，isnt it?” asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary or not. 8. He asked me，“Do you study English or French?” He asked me whether I studied English or French.,Thanks!,From: Irene Guo,
