1、,专,题,单项填空,第10课时 情态动词和虚拟语气,二,1. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011全国大纲卷) A. can B. should C. must D. may,2. Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now. Hes busy. (2010全国大纲卷) A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt,情态动词,【考点1】could与was/were able to的区别,Although the fire in the hotel was very big, they _
2、escape from it. A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to,could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was / were able to, 不用could。,【考点2】表示“可能性”的can, may, must,Liza _ well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may,It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. (201
3、1江西卷) A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt,肯定推测一般用must, should, may/might或could(一般不用can), 其中， must的语气最强，意为“肯定”， should次之，意为“很可能，应该”， may/might语气最弱，意为“也许”。否定推测语气不很肯定时常用may/might not或could not, 意为“可能不，也许不”；否定语气较强时则用cant, 意为“根本不可能，想必不会”；用于疑问句表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩时用can。,【考点3】“情态动词have done”的用法,They _ have arrived
4、 at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全国新课标卷) A. will B. can C. must D. should, I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (2011江苏卷) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stole
5、n D. must have stolen,must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。cant / couldnt have done表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。 may have done表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。might / could have done表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情。should / ought to have done表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。 neednt have done表示做了本不应该做的事情。,【考点4】特殊情况,John promised his doctor
6、 he _ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would,might 用作may的过去式，表示“可以，可能”；should 作情态动词，表示“应当”， 相当于ought to; could可用来代替can说明现在的情况，提出请求、想法、建议等；would 用于过去情况，表示“愿意”， “肯”， “会”等。,John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. M
7、ay D. Need,1. can的几个习语 “can but 动词原形”表示“只能，大不了”。 “cant but 动词原形”表示“不得不”。 “cant help 动词ing形式”表示“不得不，禁不住”。 “cant too”表示“无论怎样都不为过，越越”。,2. must有时表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名词，意为“必须做的事情”。 3. should可作“竟然、万一”解。,【考点5】shall的三种用法,1表说话人的意图。在陈述句中主语是第二三人称，表说话者给对方的承诺决心警告、威胁等。 2征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求时，主语为第一、三人称的疑问句。 3表示强制。用于法令条约、规章中
8、，意为“必须，应该”。, Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西卷) A. might B. must C. could D. shall,虚拟语气,【考点1】虚拟条件句的三种基本类型,I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011陕西卷) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone
9、,1. 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were), 主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)动词原形”。 2. 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)have过去分词”。 3. 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)或should动词原形或were to动词原形，主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)动词原形”。,【考点2】使用虚拟语气的几种从句, Where are the children? The di
10、nners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late.(2011北京卷) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been,1. wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could)动词原形”。,2. as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓
11、语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)动词原形”。,若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。 3. Its (high / about) time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或“should动词原形(should不可省)”。 4. would rather后的宾语从句：通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。,5. 一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order, command)、三个“建议”(advise, suggest, propose)、四个“要求”(deman
12、d, require, request, ask)后的宾语从句：一般用“should动词原形(should可省)”。,动词insist, suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，注意区别。,6. Itssuggested, ordered, required, demanded等表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词的过去分词that主语从句：常用“should动词原形(should可省)”。 7. “要求、建议、命令”等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句：从句中的动词也用“should动词原形(should可省)”。 8. Itsimportant / necessary / i
13、mpossiblethat主语从句：常用“should动词原形(should可省)”。,【考点3】虚拟语气的特殊情况,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011北京卷) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying,所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相
14、应的调整。,【考点3】虚拟语气的特殊情况,2. 含蓄虚拟条件句 I knew my uncle _ no time. Otherwise he _ me company to go hiking. A. did have; would have kept B. had; had kept C. has; would have kept D. had had; had kept,We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011江西卷) A. will put B. will have put C
15、. would put D. would have put,假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should, could, might)动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would (should, could, might)have过去分词”。,【考点3】虚拟语气的特殊情况,3. 虚拟语气的省略与倒装_ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am,虚拟条件从句中若有were, should, had时，可将其提到句首，并将if省略。,
