1、Western IRT,西方国际关系理论倪世雄教授Professor Ni Shixiong,一、三十一年前的故事 Stories of 31 Years Ago 我的第一位美国教授 My First American Professor,重逢哈佛园（1987） Another meeting at Harvard,“我的第一个中国学生” 新民晚报1990.9.12 “My First Chinese Student”,Gateway Book 西方国际关系理论入门书,Theory and WorldPolitics By Robert Lieber,Contents 1.The Possib
2、ilities of Theory 2.Game Theory 3.Integration Theory 4.Cybernetics 5.Interantional Power and Conflict 6.Systems Theory,Robert Lieber and his family Robert Lieber 及家人,1、一个世纪的西方国关理论 A Century of Western IRT:几个重要的年份 Some Important years1919 1939 1979 - 1999,二、西方IRT的历史沿革 History,2、三次重要论战： Three key deba
3、tes: （1）理想主义VS.现实主义 Idealism vs. realism （2）科学行为主义VS.传统主义 Scientific behavioralism vs . traditionalism （3）新现实主义VS.新自由主义Neo-realism vs. neo-liberalism是否进入第四次论战？ Whether is the fourth debate in shape?新现实主义批判理论新自由主义 neo-realism critical theory neo-liberalism,3、重要学派 Seven important schools of thought （1
4、）理想主义学派 Idealism （2）现实主义学派 Realism （3）科学行为主义学派 Scientific behavioralism （4）传统主义学派 Traditionalism （5）新现实主义学派 Neo-realism （6）新自由主义学派 Neo-liberalism （7）批判理论学派(建构主义学派) Critical theory (Constructivism),三、三部里程碑著作： Three milestone books:,Twenty Years Crisis by E. H. Carr (1939),Politics Among Nations (1948
5、) by Hans Morgenthau,Theory of International Politics(1979)by Kenneth Waltz,四、三部标志性著作：Three landmark books,Power and Interdependenceby Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye (1978),Robert Keohane,Joseph Nye,Neorealism and Its Critics (1986)by Robert Keohane,Neorealism and Neoliberalism(1993)by David Baldwin,
6、David Baldwin,五、1979年以来的西方国关学派与理论： West IRT Since 1979:,1、回顾 In retrospect 1979-1989年：现实主义与新现实主义 (六原则) (三原则)1979-1989：realism vs. neo-realism(six principles vs. three principles) 1989-1994年：新现实主义与新自由主义 (六点比较)1989-1994：neo-realism vs. neo-liberalism(six points of comparison),1979年以来的西方国关学派与理论： West I
7、RT Since 1979:,1994年- ：新现实主义、新自由主义与批判理论建构主义的兴起及其影响1994- ：neo-realism ,neo-liberalism and critical theory (the rise and the impact of constructivism) 温特国际政治的社会学理论（1999年）Alexander Went: “Social Theory of International Politics”(1999),Alexander Went: “Social Theory of International Politics”(1999),2、比较
8、 Comparison,Whereas realism and liberalism tend to focus on material factors such as power or trade, constructivism emphasizes the impact of ideas. Power and interests Structure and Unit Institutions and System Norms and identities (social and cultural relations),3、推荐另一种概括 Another classification rec
9、ommended,实证主义或理性主义学派 Positive or Rationalism 新现实主义 Neo-realism 新自由制度主义 Neo-liberal Institutionalism 马克思主义（西马与新马）Marxism 后实证主义或反思主义学派 Post-positive or Reflectionism 批判理论 Critical Theory 后现代主义 Post-Modernism 女性主义 Feminism 建构主义 Constructivism 新古典现实主义 Neo-classic realism新古典自由主义 Neo-classic Liberalism,六、
10、三个基本问题 Three Introductory Questions,1、什么是理论？What is theory? 2、什么是国际关系理论（IRT）？What is IRT? 3、什么是IRT的基本功能？What are the basic functions of IRT?,1、什么是理论？What is theory? Robert Liber:Theory involves orientation, conceptual framework or even technique of analysis.,Charles McClelland:Theory is a framework
11、of organizing facts;Theory is a guide to actions;Theory is a set of hypotheses and statements onhow things ought to be. Theory is an abstraction for processing the raw materials of knowledge: selecting, categorizing, ordering, assimilating, simplifying, generalizingand integrating.,Kenneth Waltz:The
12、 first definition of theory supports the aspiration of those many social scientists who would build theory by collecting carefully verified, interconnected hypotheses.Those who believe that knowledge begins with certainties think of theories as edifice of truth. They define theories as hypotheses th
13、at are confirmed and,connectedRather than being mere collections of laws, theories are statements that explain them. Theories are qualitatively different from laws Laws are “facts of observation”; theories are “speculative processes introduced to explain them”.In international politics, as in social
14、 sciences generally, theories turn out to be weak ones. The weakness of theories creates uncertainty of meaning even within a single theory.,2、什么是国际关系理论（IRT）？What is IRT? Stanley Hoffmann:As a discipline, IR are not in a very fine shape. There is, first of all, broad disagreement on a definition of
15、the field.,Hans Morgenthau:IR are defined as the discipline concerned with these relations among states which involve the struggle for power. So the study of IR is power politics. Quincy Wright:IR ordinarily refers to relations between nations, states, governments and peoples.,Ernest Lefever:IR invo
16、lves a constant struggle for power against power, interest against interest, purpose against purpose in a world of many nation-states. Hayward Alker:IR are interrelationships of conflict and cooperation (most essentially war and peace) among major political units.,3、什么是IRT的基本功能？What are the basic fu
17、nctions of IRT? 描述 Description 解释 Explanation 预测 Prediction,七. 西方IRT的主要理论 Basic Theories,基础理论：利益论、权力论、均势论、国际安全理论、体系理论、国际政治经济学、国际伦理学、世界秩序论Basic theories：Interest theory, Power theory,Balance of power theory, International security theory, System theory, IPE, International ethics, World order theory,重
18、要理论：国际机制论、霸权稳定理论、相互依存论、博弈论、沟通论、合作论、一体化论、决策论Important theories：International regimes, Hegemonic stability, Interdependence theory, Game theory, Communication theory, Cooperation theory, Integration theory, Decision-making approach,3. 理论新探索：软权力论、地缘经济学、两枝世界政治理论、文明冲突论New exploration of theories：Soft pow
19、er, Geo-economics, Bifurcated world politics theory, The clash of civilizations,4.理论新发展：国际安全新论、世界秩序新论、民主和平新论、全球化新论New development of theories：International security, World order, Democratic peace, New theory on globalism,八.西方IRT的基本方法论 Methodology,理论与实践 theory and practice 理论与历史 theory and history 政治
20、与经济 politics and economics 历史与比较 history and comparison 综合与案例 comprehension and case study 模式与范式 model and paradigm 规范与实证 normal and empirical approaches 宏观与微观 macro and micro studies,九.国际关系理论研究在中国 IRT Studies in China,与改革开放同步In pace with reform and openness 与国际研究接轨Integrated into international research studies 为创建具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的国际关系理论而努力Strive to build up Chinas own IRT with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese dynamics,谢谢！,
