语言学精品课ppt-01

1、Topic 8,Historical Linguistics,I. Definition and scopes of study: Historical linguistics is a subfield of linguistics that studies language change. It is concerned with the historical development of languages, the causes, processes, nature of language change. It also studies the relationship between languages, to establish language families, and reconstruct linguistic history.,II. Language change,1. The nature of language change universal continuous regular and systematic extensive gradual,2。

2、Topic 9,Sociolinguistics,Definition: the subdiscipline of linguistics that studies language in social context. Scopes of study: language variation and language uses in different speech communities including regional, ethnic and social groups. the impact of extralinguistic factors on language use, such as age, gender, profession, and social status.standard language or lingua franca, pidgin, creole, diglossia or bilingualism,1. Language variation,Language as a means of social communication is ne。

3、Topic 5,Syntax,Pre-reading questions: Study the following sentences and pick out those incorrect sentences. 1. The boy found the ball. 2. The boy found quickly. 3. The boy found in the house. 4. The boy found the ball in the house.,6. Zack believes Robert to be a gentleman. 7. Zack believes to be a gentleman. 8. Zack wants Robert to be a gentleman.,Definition of Syntax,Syntax is a subfield that studies the sentence structure of language. 1. Syntax as a system of rulesthe syntactic rules,Functi。

4、Topic 6,Pragmatics,1. Definition,A new branch of linguistics developed and established in the 1960s and 1970s. It studies meaning in context in which language is used, or studies how speakers of a language uses sentences to effect successful comunications.,Scopes of Study,Definition of pragmatics Context and meaning Sentence and utterance Speech Act Theory Conversational Analysis Conversational principle,2. Comparison of Semantics and Pragmatics,Semantics: What does X mean? Pragmatics: What do y。

5、Topic 3,Phonology,1. Phonetics and phonologyPhonetics is of a general nature; it studies all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, etc.Phonology aims at the system of sounds of a particular language. What applies to one language may not apply to another. Ways of combining speech sounds can be different across languages.,2. Phone, Phoneme, and Allophone,Phone: A phone。

6、Topic 6,Semantics,Chapter 5 Semantics,Definition The study of meaning. What is meaning?,2. Some views concerning the study of meanings.,2.1. The naming theory. (Plato) 2.2. The conceptualist viewThought/reference (concept)Symbol/form Referent,2.3. Contextualism,The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried.The seal could not be found. The king became worried. “black coffee” vs. “black hair”,2.4. Behaviorism (Bloomfield),The meaning of words is the situation in which the。

7、Topic 4,Morphology,Definition of morphology,Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.,1. Morphemes,1.1. The definition Morphemes are the smallest meaningful elements of language. They can not be further cut. It is true that the word friendship consists of 10 letters, but these letters in isolation are meaningless. The possible smallest meaningful segments of the word are friend and ship.,1.2 Types of morphemes,Free 。

8、Chapter 2,Phonology,2.1 The terminology phonetics (1) phonology phonemics phonology (2) study of speech soundsphonetics,Phonetics: the study of phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds language.,Speech Production (Speaker) transmitted in the air Speech Perception (Hearer) The process of speech production and perception,Subdivisions: articulatory phonetics how to produce speech sounds auditory phonetics studies how the s。

9、Introduction to Modern Linguistics,Lecture 1 An Introduction,2018/12/30,2,Course Description,The course is aimed at the introduction of basic theories and principles of linguistics, as well as the best known issues and discoveries of language studies. Participants are also required to implement these theories and principles to analyze language phenomena, solve language problems and improve their own language competence.,Why linguistics?,For those who will be language educatorsFor those who will。