1、The Reproductive System （生殖系统） Perineum （会阴）,Class 3 -张瑞洋,1.Perineum,Narrow sence of perineum,The narrow sence of perineum refers to the area often be used clinically which includes the area between external genitalia and anus.For female,it also be called obstetric perineum.,When the dystocia happen
2、s,we should use lateral episiotomy.If not , it will cause laceration of perineum and gatism.,狭义会阴即是临床常称的会阴，系指外生殖器和肛门之间狭小区域的软组织。在女性也称产科会阴。,婴儿难产时，应采用会阴侧切。若否，会造成撕裂伤，严重者会导致大小便失禁,Broad sence of perineum,Broad sence of perineum refers to all of the soft tissues under the pelvic diaphragm and seal the infe
3、rior pelvic aperture.Its diamond-shaped and shares the same edge of the inferior pelvic aperture.Which in front of it is the lower edge of the symphysis pubis and the arcuate pubic ligament and both sides of it is pubic arch, ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament. At the back of it there is
4、apex of coccyx.,1.Perineum,广义会阴封闭小骨盆下口的所有软组织，呈菱形 其前界为耻骨联合下缘 后界为尾骨尖 两侧为耻骨下支、坐骨支、坐骨结节和骶结节韧带。,Urogenital region,Anal region,2.The muscle of perineum,1.Levator ani:Its a pair of wild plat muscles from the back of the pubic bone and the ischial spine and the tendinous arch of levator ani between them,goe
5、s down inside,to perineal central tendon and coccyx etc.Theres a triangula space in zhe front of them which is called the hole of pelvic diaphragm.,Most of pelvic floor is made up of levator ani,and each side of levator ani consists of pubococcygeus ,iliococcygrus and puborectalis from the inside fr
6、ont to the outside back.,1.肛提肌：一对宽的扁肌，起自耻骨后面和坐骨棘及张于两者之间的肛提肌腱弓，向下内，止于会阴中心腱和尾骨等，两侧肛提肌前份留有三角形的裂隙，称为盆膈裂孔。,肛提肌构成骨盆底的大部分，每侧肛提肌自前内向后外依次为耻尾肌，髂尾肌和耻骨直肠肌且起最重要的支撑作用。,The muscle of perineum,2.Coccygeus（尾骨肌） :Its at the back of levator ani which is from ischial spine to the edge of sacrum and coccyx,位于肛提肌后方，起于坐骨棘
7、，止于骶，尾骨的两侧缘。,function：Help to seal the inferior pelvic aperture ，support organs in pelvis and fix sacrum and coccyx.,作用：协助封闭骨盆下口，承托盆腔脏器及固定骶、尾骨,Levator ani and coccygeus seal a large part of the lower opening of pelvis which has the function of supporting the organs in pelvic and fix sacrum and coccyx.,肛提肌和尾骨肌封闭骨盆下口的大部分，有承托盆腔脏器及固定骶、尾骨的作用,3.Sphincter ani externus:（肛门外括约肌）Its a skeletal muscle around the anus which can be devided into subcutaneous part, shallow part and deep part.,环绕肛门的骨骼肌，分为皮下部，浅部和深部。,Thank you!,
