1、Literary Genres,文学体裁,What is Genre? Genre - a category, in literature or other media, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. For example, science fiction and fantasy are two different genres in literature.,Why recognizing genres is important?,On the simplest level, grouping
2、 works offers us an orderly way to talk about an otherwise bewildering number of literary texts. More importantly, if we recognize the genre of a text, we may also have a better idea of its intended overall structure and subject / main idea. Finally, a genre approach can deepen our sense of the valu
3、e of any single text, by allowing us to view it comparatively, alongside many other texts of its type.,All categories of books or stories can be called either fiction or non-fiction.,Fiction a made up story can tell about things that could happen is read for fun characters may be like real people or
4、 imaginary,Non-Fiction has facts that can be checked and proven the author is an expert on this information it IS TRUE!,Can you classify the following genres into two categories, namely, fiction and non-fiction?,adventure, biography/autobiography, drama, essay, fable, fairy tale, fantasy, folklore,
5、historical fiction, horror, humor, informational, legend, mystery, mythology, narrative nonfiction, poetry, realistic fiction, romance, science fiction, short story, speech, tall tale, thriller,Adventure Drama Fable Fairy Tale Fantasy Folklore Historical Fiction Horror Humor Legend,Mystery Mythology
6、 Poetry Realistic Fiction Romance Science Fiction Short Story Tall Tale Thriller,Fiction,Non-Fiction,Biography/Autobiography Essay Narrative Nonfiction Informational (science, sports, history, economy, etc.) Speech,Fiction,AdventureStories featuring physical action often around a mission usually inv
7、olving killing and robbing. Many times set in forbidding locales such as jungles, deserts, or mountains. e.g. Robinson CrusoeMoby Dick,Drama,Stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action. e.g. the four tr
8、agedies by W. Shakespeare: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear,Fable,Narration demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary, supernatural tale. e.g. Aesops Fables,Story about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children. e.g. Fairytales written by
9、Grimm brothersFairytales written by Hans C. Anderson,Fairy Tale,Fantasy,Fiction with strange or other worldly settings or characters; using magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting.e.g. The Lord of the RingsThe Harry Potter Series TwilightThe Chronic
10、les of Narnia,Folklore,The songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a people or “folk“ as handed down by word of mouth.e.g. Robin HoodMerlin http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_folklore,Story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. e.g. A Tale of Two CitiesThe Three MusketeersLit
11、tle Women (by Louisa May Alcott, set in 1863 during the American Civil War),Historical Fiction,Horror,Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader. e.g. Frankenstein by Mary ShelleyEdgar Allan Poes short storiesStrange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robe
12、rt Louis StevensonThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar WildeDracula by Bram,Humor,Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement, meant to entertain; but can be contained in all genres. e.g. Tom And JerryThe Ice Age,Legend,Story, sometimes of a national or folk hero, which has a basis in fact but also in
13、cludes imaginative material. e.g. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington IrvingRobin HoodKing Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Helen of Troy and the Trojan WarOdysseus,Fiction dealing with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets. It is often used as a synonym for detective f
14、iction, crime fiction or thriller. e.g. RebeccaThe Day of the JackalThe Thirty-nine StepsThe Collected Sherlock Holmes Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan DoyleAgatha Christies detective series,Mystery / Thriller,Mythology,Legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that
15、 reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods. e.g. The Roman MythologyThe Greek Mythology,Poetry,Verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that creates emotional responses.e.g. the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey Shakespeares sonn
16、etspoets: Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Alfred Tennyson, John Donne, Ben Jonson, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walt Whitman, William Bulter Yeats, John Keats, John Milton, Edmund Spencer,Story that can actually happen and is true to life. e.g. Charles DickensMark TwainJane Austen,Realistic Fiction,Romance,S
17、tories featuring the mutual attraction and love of a man and a woman as the main plot, and have a happy ending. e.g. Pride and Prejudice Romeo and JulietJane EyreGone with the Wind,Science Fiction,Story based on impact of actual, imagined, or potential science, usually set in the future or on other
18、planets. e.g. Jurassic Park20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules VerneThe Time Machine by H. G. WellsThe War of the Worlds by H. G. WellsFrankenstein by Mary ShelleyI, Robot by Isaac AsimovBicentennial Man by Isaac Asimov,Fiction of such brevity that
19、 it supports no subplots. e.g. The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights)Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey ChaucerRip van Winkle by Washington IrvingThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington IrvingThe Collected Sherlock Holmes Short StoriesFairytales written by Grimm BrothersThe Gift of the Magi by
20、 OHenry,Short Story,Tall Tale,Humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with nonchalance. http:/ (A Tall Tale: John Henry),Thriller / Mystery,Story using suspense, tension, and excitement as the main elements, climaxing when the hero finally defeats the villa
21、in, saving his own life and often the lives of others. e.g. The Count of Monte Cristo The Da Vinci CodeThe James Bond SeriesThe Jason Bourne SeriesThe Hunger Games TrilogyThe Girl with the Dragon Tattoo,Non-Fiction,Biography/Autobiography Narrative of a persons life, a true story about a real person
22、. e.g. The Story of My Life by Helen KellerThe Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinMy Life by Bill ClintonLiving History by Hillary ClintonConfessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Essay,A short literary composition that reflects the authors outlook or point. e.g. Of Studies by Francis Bacon http:/ Nonfict
23、ion: Factual information presented in a format which tells a story. Informational (science, sports, history, economy, etc.): Informational text dealing with an actual, real-life subject.,Speech Public address or discourse. http:/ (video) http:/www.quoteworld.org/speeches/ (text),Martin Luther King “
24、I have a dream” Winston Churchill “We shall fight them on the beaches” Winston Churchill “Blood Sweat and Tears” President Kennedy “Man on the moon” General MacArthur “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away” American Declaration of Independence Eulogy to Diana Princess of Wales Colonel Tim Coll
25、ins “Magnanimous in Victory” Lincolns Gettysburg Address http:/ Formation: Adj. suffixes,(n.+) -ous: full of, having ,e.g. dangerous: full of dangervictorious: having victory It is such a voluminous report that I am tired of reading it. She welcomed her guests in a gracious manner. Their dining room
26、 is very spacious.,e.g. foolish: being in the nature of a foolchildish: having the nature of a child They made a devilish plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. He has a rather womanish manner. She brought a coat with reddish fur.,(n.+) -ish: being in / having the
27、nature of ,e.g. friendly: being friendslively: full of life We spent a heavenly day at the beach. He has a very brotherly manner towards the little boys. To run away at the first sight of danger is a cowardly action. I was determined on taking her away from that ungodly surroundings.,(n.+) -ly: havi
28、ng / being ,e.g. musical: of musiceconomical: of economy He drinks this medical tea for medicinal purposes. This French entomologist is noted for behavioral studies of insects. True love is unconditional.,(n.+) al / -ical: having the nature of ,e.g. wooden: of woodgolden: of gold We have to wear woolen clothes in the cold winter. Those earthen pots are made by the skilled man. His ashen face showed how shocked he was.,(n. +) en: of , having ,