1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（八） 动词的时态和语态,【中考考点】 (1)动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和v.-ing形式的构成。 (2)动词的六种时态的基本结构及用法。 (3)动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。 (4)动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。,动词的时态,1.一般现在时的基本结构及用法 (1)结构:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下:,考点一 一般现在时,(3)用法: 表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, to
2、day, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。 I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。 表示普遍真理和客观事实。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 表示在现在时间里所发生的动作。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空,我将和她
3、去购物。,2.一般现在时的疑问句和否定句,Do you see the bird in the tree? 你看见树上的鸟了吗? How do you go to school? 你怎么去学校? She doesnt go shopping today. 她今天不去购物。,考点二 一般过去时,1.一般过去时的用法及标志词 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2016等表示过去的时间状语连用。,2.一般过去时的疑问句和否定句,Did you have any problems on
4、 your journey? 你在旅途中有一些困难吗? Were most people too busy making a living in early times? 在早期,大部分人忙着谋生吗? Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863. 现代足球直到1863年才成为官方运动。,动词过去式的变化规则:,考点三 一般将来时,1.一般将来时的基本结构及用法 (1)结构:“助动词shall/will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”。 (2)用法: 表示将要发生的动作或未来的状态,常用的时间状语有 later (on), so
5、on, in a month (in+时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。 I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就18岁了。 表示某种必然的趋势。 Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。,(3)will和be going to的区别: will引导的将来时,表示事情没有经过事先考虑而即将发生,be going to引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑而即将发生。 They will arrive here tomorrow morning. 明天早晨他们将抵达这里
6、。 Im going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我要去看电影。,2.一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,Dont worry.You wont be late. 不用担心,你不会迟到的。 Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京吗? Who is going to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了?,考点四 现在进行时,1.现在进行时的基本结构及用法 (1)结构: am/is/are+v.-ing形式 (2)用法: 表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用
7、的时间状语有 now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen等起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。 Are you writing an email to your friend now? 你现在正在给你的朋友写邮件吗? Listen! A girl is singing in the next room. 听!一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 We are planting trees these days.这些天我们一直在植树。,2.现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,v.-ing形式的变化规则:,Mary is lis
8、tening to music in the next room now. 玛丽现在正在隔壁房间听音乐。 Jack isnt playing football now. 杰克现在没有在踢足球。 Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗?,【注意】现在进行时的特殊用法: 表示位移的动词的进行时常表达将来之意,意为“打算,将要”,此类词有come, go, leave, stay, arrive, start, finish, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如: Shes flying to Australia next
9、month. 下个月她将飞往澳大利亚。 They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英格兰。,考点五 过去进行时,1.过去进行时的基本结构及用法 (1)结构: was/were+v.-ing形式 (2)用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。 Jack fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 杰克骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。 (3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, al
10、l day yesterday, at this time yesterday, last evening 等。 What were you doing at ten oclock last night?你昨晚十点钟在做什么? They were building a large house last week. 上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。(过去某阶段一直在进行的动作),2.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,I wasnt trying to annoy you. 我没想让你烦恼。 Were you working all weekend? 你整个周末都在工作吗?,考点六 现在完成时,现
11、在完成时的基本结构及用法,(1)结构: have/has+动词的过去分词 (2)用法: 表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等连用。 I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了),表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”,“since+时间段+ago”,“since+从句(一般过去时)”,“for+时间段”及how long, ev
12、er since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等连用。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树。,一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事,关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,因此,若不强调某事
13、对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。 I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的) I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了),延续性动词 在现在完成时中,如果有表示持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。 I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought) I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to) 常见的
14、非延续性动词变延续性动词: have arrived at/in sp, have got to/reached sp, have come/gone/moved to sphave been in sp have becomehave been have got uphave been up,have died have left sp have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleep have finished/ended/completed_ have marriedhave been married have begun have bor
15、rowed have boughthave had have caught/got a coldhave had a cold have got to knowhave known have joined the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army,have been dead,have been away from sp,have been over,have been on,have ke
16、pt,have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别: have been to表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。 Where is Mrs.Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿? She isnt here. She has gone to England. 她不在这儿,她去了英格兰。,动词的语态,考点一 被动语态的构成,构成:be+及物动词的过去分词,(1)一般现在时的被动
17、语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词 (2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词 (3)一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词 (4)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词 (5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词,(6)过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词 (7)过去完成时的被动语态: had+been+动词的过去分词 (8)过去将来时的被动语态: would+be+动词的过去分词 (9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+动
18、词的过去分词 (10)在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要还原to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动结构: A stranger was seen _into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。,to walk,考点二 某些动词的主动形式表示被动意义,1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, o
19、pen, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语的性质特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 This kind of cloth . 这种布料很好洗。,【注意】主动语态强调的是主语的性质特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。,试比较: The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病) The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人为原因),washes well,2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true,
20、run out,以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出版的呢? 3.系动词没有被动形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。,4.下列结构中的v.-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)need, require当“需要”讲时,其后常跟v.-ing形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 我们的教室需要打扫。 (2
21、)be worth doing sth值得做某事。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。,1. Where did you go last weekend? I to the Great Wall. A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone 2. Please dont make so much noise.The baby now. A.sleeps B.slept C.will sleep D.is sleeping,动词的时态,B,D,3. Its nice to see you again.We each othe
22、r since 2014. A.wont see B.dont see C.havent seen D.didnt see 4. How do you usually go to school? I to school on foot. A.go B.went C.was going D.will go,C,A,5. My mother some washing when the telephone rang. A.does B.did C.is doing D.was doing 6. Lily is my classmate.We each other since she came to
23、our school. A.know B.knew C.have known D.will know,D,C,7. 2018北京 Bill likes reading.He picture books with his dad every evening. A.read B.reads C.is reading D.has read 8. 2018北京 Paul, what were you doing at nine last night? I a movie in the cinema with my friends. A.was watching B.watch C.have watch
24、ed D.will watch,答案 7.B 解析考查动词时态。根据“every evening”可知,应使用一般现在时,主语He是单数,所以动词使用单数形式。故选B。 8.A 解析考查动词时态。根据问句中的时间状语“at nine last night”可知,句中动作表示昨天晚上九点正在发生的事情,用过去进行时。故选A。,9. 2018北京David is a tennis player.He to play tennis when he was six years old. A.begins B.will begin C.began D.has begun 10. 2018北京Lucy,
25、is your uncle a teacher? Yes, he is.He history for nearly 20 years. A.teaches B.has taught C.is teaching D.will teach,答案 9.C 解析考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句“when he was six years old”可知,主句时态使用一般过去时。故选C。 10.B 解析考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for nearly 20 years”可知,句中使用现在完成时。故选B。,11. 2018莱芜 Could you help me clean the floor, Bob? W
26、ait a moment.I for some information about the World Cup. A.search B.have searched C.am searching D.was searching 12. 2018淮安 Have you watched the movie Operation Red Sea? Not yet.I it with my friends tomorrow. A.watch B.have watched C.will watch D.am watching,答案 11.C 解析考查动词时态。根据“Wait a moment.”可知,此时正
27、忙着,临时不能去扫地,故要用现在进行时am searching。故选C。 12.C,13. 2018铜仁 I will go to Guangdong for my summer holiday, Mom. I will meet you when you the airport. A.will reach B.reaches C.reached D.reach 14. 2018铜仁 I called you at eight last night, but you didnt answer.What were you doing? I . A.took a shower B.was taki
28、ng a shower C.take a shower D.have taken a shower,答案 13.D 解析考查动词时态。在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,you为第二人称。故选D。 14.B 解析考查动词时态。根据时间状语“at eight last night”可知,此句表达的是昨天晚上八点正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。,15. 2018铜仁 Where is Mr.Brown? He Australia.He there last year. A.has been to; has been B.has been
29、to; has gone C.has gone to; went D.went; went 16. 2018青海改编 Its said all the train tickets during the holidays were sold out. Dont worry.I two for us. A.get B.got C.have got D.was getting,C,C,17. 2018兰州 I will call you as soon as he here. A.arrive B.will arrive C.arrives D.arrived,答案 C 解析考查as soon as
30、的用法。句意:他一到这儿我就给你打电话。as soon as意为“一就”,引导时间状语从句,如果指未发生的动作,通常主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。故选C。,18. 2018百色 Kitty, Im busy cooking.Can you give me a hand? Mum, just wait a moment.I my bed now. A.make B.will make C.am making D.making,答案 C 解析考查动词时态。根据答题空所在句中的时间状语now可知,使用现在进行时。现在进行时的构成:be+v.-ing形式。故选C。,19. 2018梧州
31、Millie in this factory since 1990. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.have worked 20. 2018梧州 We will go camping if it tomorrow. A.rained B.doesnt rain C.will rain D.wont rain,答案 19.C 解析考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since 1990”可知用现在完成时;主语Millie是第三人称单数,故用has worked。故选C。 20.B,21. 2018日照 When will you give the novel back
32、to me? Sorry, I it.How about Friday? A.didnt finish B.wont finish C.havent finished D.dont finish,答案 C 解析考查动词时态。根据句意可知,读那本小说从过去某个时间就已经开始了,一直持续到现在还没有结束,故要用现在完成时。故选C。,22. 2018阜康、米泉 Nobody can predict what in the future.So enjoy your life. A.will happen B.happens C.have happened D.happen 23. 2018哈尔滨改编
33、I have seen the film The Jurassic World (侏罗纪世界).Its very interesting. Really? When you it? A.have; seen B.did; see C.will; see D.do; see 24. 2018辽阳 Luckily, I arrived home before it . A.rains B.is raining C.rained D.will rain,A,B,C,25. 2018沈阳 Sarah many places of interest in Beijing already. A.visit
34、ed B.has visited C.will visit D.visits,答案 B 解析 考查现在完成时。already (已经)多用于现在完成时,强调影响或结果。故选B。,26. The mobile phone in 1973. A.invents B.is invented C.invented D.was invented 27. 2018北京 A new international airport in the city next year. A.completes B.is completed C.will complete D.will be completed 28. 20
35、18乌鲁木齐 Can you go to the movies with me tonight? I have to ask my mum.If I , I will go with you. A.allow B.allowed C.am allowed D.was allowed,动词的语态,D,D,C,29. 2018梧州 Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh. Yes.Many trees and flowers around here every year. A.plant B.are planted C.was
36、 planted D.will plant,答案B 解析 考查动词时态与语态。主语Many trees and flowers 是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态;再根据时间状语every year可知用一般现在时。故选B。,30. 2018呼和浩特 People, especially the young, by their friends. Thats true.Friends play an important part in everyones life. A.easily influences B.is easily influenced C.are easily influenced
37、D.influenced easily 31. 2018阜康、米泉 The boy thinks he shouldnt what to do because he is 18 now. A.tell B.tells C.telling D.be told,C,D,32. 2018葫芦岛 Light-rail vehicle(轻轨) in our city in two years. Good news. A.builds B.built C.will be built D.is built,答案 C 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语in two years可知,此处时态应用一般将
38、来时,且主语与build之间存在被动关系,因此需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。,33. 2018曲靖 Nowadays China for its new “four great inventions”shared bicycles, electronic payments, high-speed railways and online shopping. A.was knowing B.was known C.is knowing D.is known 34. 2018湘西改编 Your ring looks nice. Yes, and it in Thailand. A.makes B
39、.made C.was made D.is making,答案 33.D 解析 考查动词语态。be known for意为“因而知名”,根据时间状语Nowadays可知用一般现在时。故选D。 34.C 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者“戒指”,故采用被动语态。故选C。,35. 2018湘潭改编 Chinese by more and more people around the world. A.is spoken B.speak C.speaking D.is speaking 36. 2018十堰 Too much time on computer games by mo
40、st teenagers every day.And their parents are worried about their health and study. A.spends B.is spent C.has spent D.spending,A,B,37. 2018恩施改编 If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you by your boss. A.will fire B.are fired C.will be fired D.were fired 38. 2018咸宁 The 19th National Congress of the
41、 CPC(中共十九大) in Beijing last year. Our country has been into a new era(时代) since then. A.held B.was held C.has held D.had held,C,B,39.2018泸州 Two bridges over the river five years ago in our city. A.build B.built C.were built D.are built,答案 C 解析 考查动词时态和语态。根据后面的表示过去的具体时间状语five years ago可知,要用一般过去时,再结合主语
42、是复数名词bridges,并且它与动词build构成动宾关系,故此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。,40. 2018海南 Look at the trees on both sides of the streets.They last spring. A.planted B.were planted C.are planting D.were planting,答案 B 解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语last spring可知,此处应用一般过去时;又因为trees是主语,是动词plant的承受者,故用被动语态。故选B。,41. 2018贵港 Children under 12 year
43、s old ride sharing bikes.Its too dangerous. A.shouldnt allow to B.shouldnt allow C.shouldnt be allowed to D.shouldnt be allowed 42.2018江西 Kids have to take many after-school classes. They hard to study for good grades. A.push B.are pushed C.are pushing D.have pushed,答案 41.C 42.B 解析 考查动词语态。讲述客观事实,要用一
44、般现在时;主语They (kids)与push之间是被动关系。故选B。,43.2018菏泽改编 It is believed that tea to Korea and Japan from China during the 6th and 7th centuries. A.brought B.was brought C.is brought D.will be brought 44. 2018福建改编 Paper-making by the Chinese in the Western Han dynasty(朝代). A.is invented B.invented C.invents D
45、.was invented,答案 43.B 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语during the 6th and 7th centuries可推知用一般过去时,排除C;且句子强调动作的承受者,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 44.D,45. 2018资阳 Tea, the most popular drink in the world, by accident in China. A.discovered B.is discovered C.will be discovered D.was discovered 46. 2018桂林改编 If you use mobile ph
46、one while driving, you by police. A.are caught B.will catch C.will be caught D.are catching,答案 45.D 解析 考查动词语态。主语tea与动词discover之间存在被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A,且根据常识可知,茶已经存在多年了,是在许多年前被发现的,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 46.C,47. 2018扬州 What are you watching? The Story of China.This part at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014. A.filmed B.was filmed C.has filmed D.is filmed,
