1、 1名词一. 名词的意义和种类1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如： Shanghai, Lilei, desk2.名词的种类：A.专有名词: 表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：Jim, June, China, Harbin.注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。B.普通名词 :表示某人或者某事物的名称。(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。如：boy, teacher, apple(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family, people, police, class(3)物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质。如：water, money,
2、sea(4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。如：health, friendship二. 名词的数A.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）： 有单复数之分1.规则变化2.不规则变化a.常见的有：man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teethb. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanesec. 有些名词通常只有复数形式，谓语动词也用复数，这些名词有：glasses, clothes, trousersd. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：(中日友好永不变) a Chine
3、se-two Chinese; a Japanese- four Japanese(英法联盟 a 变 e) an English- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman-nine Frenchmen(其他后面加 s) a German-five GermansB.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）一般用单数形式。三.复合名词的复数变化规则man 和 woman 都要变， girl 和 boy 却不变四.名词的格A. 有生命的名词所有格：1、名词s 例：汤姆的姐姐 Toms sister；孩 子们的书包 childrens schoolbags情况 构成 读音 例词一般的词
4、 s 浊辅音z清辅音sday-days desk-desks以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾 es iz match-matches boss-bosses以辅音y 结尾 改 y 为iesz baby-babies fly-flies以 f/fe 结尾 改 f 为vesz wife-wives leaf-leaves以辅音o 结尾 es zpotato-potatoes hero-heroes但 photo-photos以元音o 结尾 s z radio-radios zoo-zoos22、以 s 结尾 例：教师办公室 teachers office3、s 属格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示
5、无生命的东西如：表示时间 a days journey 一天的旅程：自然现象 the moons rays 月光：表国家，城市等实体 the citys parks 城市的公园：表工作群时候 the ships crew 船上的工作人员：表示度量衡及价值 a miles distance 一英里的距离：表示拟人化 deaths door 死亡之门：固定用法 a stones throw 一箭之遥B. 无生命的名词所有格：一般用 of 短语构成词组。如：用于无生命的东西 the subject of the sentence 句子的主语 ：用于名词化的词 the livelihood of th
6、e poor 穷人的生计：修饰语比较多的时候the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又美的尾巴C. 省略s 后的名词时，常代指“家、工作场所” ，例：在诊所 at the doctors, 在外婆家 at my grandmothersD. 共有的格，后面名词s：Joan 和 Jane 的房间（共一间）Joan and Janes roomE.各有的格，每个名词s：Joan 和 Jane 的房间（每人一间）Joans and Janes roomsF. 双重所有格，a.在所属名词前有 a/an, one, some, a
7、ny, a few, this, my 等冠词、代词、数词时，常要用s 或名词性物主代词与“of 词组+所有格” 。例如：例：我姐姐的一个朋友 a friend of my sisters=one of my sisters friends.b. of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。例： a picture of my uncle 叔叔本人的照片a picture of my uncles 我叔叔的一张照片（我叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片）如：表示部分 a picture of Lis 李的一张照片：表示感情色彩 the big nose of Davids 戴维的那个大鼻子：双
8、重格与 of 属格的不同He is a friend of your husbands .他是你丈夫的一个朋友。（强调你丈夫不止一个朋友）He is a friend of your husband. 他是你丈夫的朋友。（强调他对你丈夫的友好）五.名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化3一般情况下名词为单数，谓语动词则用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数看下面的特殊情况：A. family, team, police, crowd, class 等集体名词，1.指一些人时，接谓语动词的复数形式：His family are having dinner.2.作整体意义看待时，接谓语动词的单数形式: His
9、 family is a happy one.B. 度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时，接谓语动词的单数形式: Two days rest is not enough.C. 用 and 连接两个以上的单数名词时，谓语动词要用复数。如 and 连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。（1）The brother and sister are both students.（2）The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.D. 在 there be, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also句型中，谓
10、语动词采取就近原则。例：Either you or he is going to buy the book.【练习】1给出下列名词的复数形式。1）piece shoe orange lake 2）bus fox glass wish 3）body city enemy baby 4）boy key holiday way 5）life leaf thief wife 6）zoo piano radio photo 7）tomato hero 8）tooth foot goose 9）man woman fisherman policeman 10）German Chinese Japanese
11、 child roof chief sheep 11）man doctor woman driver 小六专题复习之名词( )1. These_ speak very good_.A、Germany, English B、 Germens, England C、Germans, English D、Germen, English( )2. We can see_ and _in the Zoo.A、hippos, kangaroos B、 hippoes, kangaroosC、hippos, kangaroos D、hippoes, kangaroos( )3. Help yourself
12、to some _A、chickens and apples B、 chicken and applesC、chickens and apple D、chicken and apple( )4. Some of them are_.4A、woman doctors B、 woman doctor C、women doctors D、women doctor( )5. Joan is_sister.A、Mary and Jack B、 Marys and Jacks C、Marys and Jack D、Mary and Jacks( )6._that pair of new_ Marys?A、
13、Is, shoe B、 Are, shoe C、Is, shoes D、Are, shoes( )7. March 8 is_ Day.A、Womans B、 Womans C、Woman of D、Womens( )9. What would you like to drink, girls?_ , please.A、Two cup of coffee B、 Two cups of coffeesC、Two cups of coffee D、Two cup of coffees( )10. There is _in the bottle.A、no any milk B、 not a milk
14、 C、not any milk D、no milks( )11. Twelve _were hurt, but no_ were lost in that accident.A、person, life B、 people, lives C、peoples, lives D、persons, life( )12. Look, these_ eating grass on the hill.A、sheep is B、 sheeps is C、sheep are D、sheeps are( )13. My father told me _just now.A、two piece of news B
15、、 two pieces of new C、two news D、two pieces of newses( )14._turn green in spring.A、Leaf B、 Leaves C、Leave D、Leafs( )15. He bought two_ for our computers.A、mouse B、 mice C、mouses D、mices( )16. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys( )17. There are some _ in these _
16、.A. knifespencil-boxes B. knivespencils-boxC. knivespencil-box D .knivespencils-boxes( )18. _ like _ by air.A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling( )19 There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs( )20 are usually careful in do
17、ing exercises.A、Girl students B、Girls students C、Girls students D、Girls students( )21.They are_ A、man doctor B、men doctors C、men doctor D、man doctors 5( )22 Those white socks_small. A、are B、is C 、am D、do ( )23How many_do they have? A、picture B、pictures C、a picture ( )24Tom and Jim are _. A、friends B
18、、friend C、brother D 、sister ( )25 This is room.A、Tom and Marys B、Toms and MarysC、Toms and Mary D、 Tom and Mary( )26We had a good time during our holiday.A、two-weeks B、two weeks C、two-weeks D、two weeks( )27I can see some on the hill.A、sheeps and deers B、sheep and deer C、sheeps and deer D、sheep and de
19、er( )28We are , but they are .A、Germans; Japanese B、Germen; Japanese C、Germans; Japaneses D、Germen; Japanese( )29My father left his bike outside and went in.A、the doctor B、a doctor C、doctors D、 the doctors( )30Would you like ? Thank you, but Im not thirsty.A、some bread B、some sandwiches C、some mooncakes D some orange( )31 mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.A、Li Lei and Lucys B、Li Leis and LucysC、Li Lei and Lucy D、Li Leis and Lucy( )32There are few in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.A、vegetable B、meat C、eggs D、fruit
