1、unit 1 Women of achivemen,语法讲解,Useful structures 语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。xyh,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 一、语法一致原则1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候, 谓语动词有以下两种情况：如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。 eg. He and she _both students of this school. xyh,are,但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 eg : Th
2、e knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。注： (表示一种事物) Salt and water盐水 needle and thread 针线 bread and butter 黄油面包 有and 连接的单数并列主语前有no ,each,every ,many a 修饰后用单数 eg: 1. no boy and no girl like the book 2.each boy and each girl here is clever ajy,is,2. 如果主语是单个不定式, 动词ing形式或从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。eg. When he is co
3、ming seems very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要 eg. Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 3. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, rather than ,like, without, except, but, including 谓语动词的单复数看这些词前的主语 （就远原则）eg. The teacher together with his students is planting trees in the street. his p
4、arents as well as he are going to take a trip . hhy,4.定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行 词的人称和数保持一致。eg. Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom ,who is your friend, should help you.he is one of my friends who are fond of music 二、就近原则1. either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在
5、句子中连接主语的时候在或there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 lzq,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指 谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语 法形式, 而是其实际意义。例如：有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但 在意义上却是复数1.集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。 强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有 public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。 eg. His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。His fami
6、ly _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。ftj,is,are,2.表示时间重量长度价值等名词的复数做主语，谓语用单数eg. 1.thirty years is not long in history 2. 5,000 kilometres is a long distance 3.某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。eg. The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.
7、5.某些名词以 s 结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。eg. Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 czy,6.不定代词复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如 someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothingeg. Someone is asking for you. 有人找
8、你。7. a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 8. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table. 9. “分数或百分数+of+名词“作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。 pyh,练习：,Have you heard that Johnes, along with her parents,_ to Hainan for the winter vacation?Really? No wonder I havent seen her these days.A.has been B.have been C.has gone D.have gone_your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set?A.Be B.Are C.Is D.WereTo play table tennis and to go swimming_good for character training.A.is B.are C.was Dwere,C,C,B,
