1、英语基本语法讲解 简单句,句子结构,Exercise,He often reads English in the morning. You help him and he helps you. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. Things change. China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.,简单句的五种基本形式,简单句的五种基本形式,主语+谓语(不及物动词) 主语+谓语(及物
2、动词)+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语+宾语+补语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,基本句型一:主+谓,主语加不及物谓语动词组成,表示主语的动作。 E.g. Things change.主 谓(vi)Time flies. 主 谓(vi),练习翻译以下句子,1.太阳升起了。 2.他离开了。 3. My right arm hurts. 4. The plane landed safely. 5.It rains.,基本句型二:主+谓+宾,主语+及物谓语动词+宾语 可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing 结构及名词性从句 e.g. I watch TV every night.
3、S vt. OWe accepted their advice.S vt. O,练习翻译以下句子,1.I understand the program. 2.She asked to see the manager. 3.We dont trust him because he often lies. 4.他拿着书包离开了。 5.我不知道下一步该干什么。,基本句型三:主+系+表,主语+系动词+表语 系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用, 构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。e.g. I am a student.She became a lawyer.,系动词,
4、动词的分类,根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。,实义动词,不及物动词(vi) 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。 vi后面若要跟宾语,必须加上介词。及物动词 (vt) 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。 vt后面可以直接跟宾语。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。 e.g. beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 s
5、mell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作,情态动词,助动词,如何区别主谓宾与主系表结构?,1.主谓宾中谓语动词是实义动词,而主系表结构用的是系动词。 2.宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,宾语一般放在及物动词之后,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。,区分以下句子是主谓宾还是主系表?,1. She plans to travel in the coming May Day. 2.The tree has grow
6、n much taller than before. 3. He looked worried just now. 4. She asked to see the manager. 5. Mary is considering changing her job.,基本句型四:主+谓+宾+宾补,宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。 担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。 e.g. You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。We made him our m
7、onitor.我们选他当班长。,练习翻译句子,1.We call him a fool. 2.We found the house empty. 3.Our neighbors built their wall high. 4.他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 5.老板让他整天做那项工作。,基本句型四:主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, t
8、each, show, bring, send等。如: Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。,练习翻译句子,1.他把照片寄给了我。 2.读书会给我们带来很多乐趣。 3.Can you give me your phone number? 4.Pass me that book,
9、 please. 5.Lily hands me a picture.,如何区分主谓双宾与主谓宾宾补?,在主谓宾宾补中,宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。而在主谓双宾中,间接宾语与直接宾语在逻辑上没有任何关系。E.g. Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 双宾中, Her 与dictionary 没有任何关系I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 宾语与宾补之间是逻辑主谓关系 her 是sing 的动作发出者,两者是主谓关系。,练习判断以下句子属于哪种基本结构,His father told him not to play in the street. Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. We believe you to be an honest man. I heard them singing in the classroom My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball,Thank You!,