1、Unit 1 Women of achievement,Period 3 单元语法,单元语法复习,主谓一致,主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致， 即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致， 意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1. 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时， 谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod ones head means agreement. What they said is true
2、. 2. and连接主语时，注意以下几点：1）由and, bothand 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数， 但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人, 同一物, 同一事， 同一概念时谓语用单数。,Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有： iron and steel钢铁 law and order治安 bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and cha
3、in一块带链的表 a knife and fork刀叉 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end目的 truth and honesty真诚 2) 凡是由eachand each,everyand every , noand no, many a and many a连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raisedin our company. No boy and no girl doesnt go to school at the age of seven in this villag
4、e.,3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时, 谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+兵团并列修饰语作主语时, 谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数 名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词 带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few n
5、ew books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.,6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语 时,为主的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时,并列完整式常用复数, 缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and d
6、o is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作 主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory _yet. (MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided,3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with,
7、 like, including, in addition to等连接的 名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准， 不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 1）E-mail, as well as telephones,_ an important role in our daily life (1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library wi
8、th five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. (MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered,4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody,no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时， 谓语单复数均可
9、。 There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have) been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时 谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her. 6 在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。 Three and four is (are) seven.
10、 Two times ten is (are) twenty.,7 当kind of, pair of, type of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的 kind, pair, type等保持一致。如： This pair of trousers fits you. The kind of the apple tastes delicious. 8 当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等短语 作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。 There are plenty of eggs in the basket. Lots of meat h
11、as been sold out. As a result of destroying the forests, a large_ of desert_ covered the land. (2001上海) A number, has B quantity, has C number, have D quantity, have,9 当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词 保持一致。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered withwater. 70 percent of people have known about
12、the truth. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. (2000上海) A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are,10 在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语 引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of 结构，定语从句用复数，若是the (only) one of结构， 定语从句用单数。 Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hiking. Tia
13、n lili is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam. 考例： He is the only of the students who_ a winner ofscholarship for three years. (2002上海) A is B are C have been D has been,11 “a number of+复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数 形式，”the number of +复数名词作主语时， 谓语用单数形式。 The number of books is no more than 100, but
14、 a number of them is of little use. 考例： The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reasons. (NMET 1996) A were , was B was, was C was , were, D were, were,二、意义上一致 1 当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时 谓语用单数。 Ten years is quite a long time. 2 当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时， 谓语用复数。指
15、个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。 The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life. The wounded is our captain. 3 当maths (mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词 作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人 的某方面时，谓语用复数。 Maths is difficult to learn. His physics are poor.,4 用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词 作主语时，谓语用单数。 The Arabian Nights is
16、a very interesting book. The United States is a developed country. 5 如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, half, rest, part 等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式， 反之用单数。 All of the rubbish was cleared away. All of the classmates have passed the examination. 6 当集合名词 family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, coup
17、le等作主语时， 如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中 的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。 Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan. His family has just moved to Beijing.,7 有的名词如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。 Shortly af
18、ter the accident, the police were sent to keep order. 考例： Every possible means_ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear (2000上海)。 A is used B are used C has been used D have been used,8表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： His black trousers are too long 他
19、的黑裤子太长。 Your glasses are on your nose 你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。 若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如： This pair of compasses is made in Beijing 这副圆规是北京制造的。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now 现在一副眼镜值很多钱。 There are two pairs of gloves on the desk 桌上有两副手套。,9表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词 作主语时的主谓一致 表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s” 结尾的专有名词作主语时
20、，谓语动词往往用复数。如：The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean 菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。 Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America 落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。 10.名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents， the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。 His works have been translated into several foreignlanguages 他的
21、著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。 若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。 clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。,三、就近一致 1 连词 or, eitheror, notbut, neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror等连词并列作主语时， 谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。 Either you or I am going to answer his question. Not only he but also his friends have been to New
22、 York. Either you or the headmaster_ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting (1994上海) A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out 注意：两个主语由as well as，but，with， together with，except，rather than，including， besides等连接时,谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响, 应与最前面的主语一致。The teacher with hi
23、s students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生们要步行去那里。,2 在there be结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常 和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如： There is a desk and three chairs in the room. There are three chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and four chairs in the room. There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There
24、 are (be) twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。,Addition:表达祝愿的句型。 1)I/We/Let us +wish
25、sb.+sth. I wish you happiness. I wish you a full recovery. I wish you every success in your new post. Let us wish you the very best of luck. 2)主语（I We Let us）+wish+sb.+to do sth. I wish you to succeed in your performance. Let us wish you to win still greater victories in the scientific research.,3)主
26、语(I We ) hope+宾语从句 I hope all is going well with your family. 4) May +主语+动词原形+其它 May you both be always happy. May you return safe and sound. May all happiness attend you. 5) 主语（I/We/let me）+send /offer+宾语+for Let me offer my hearty good wished for your success. 6) 名词to sb. Success to you all! A goo
27、d journey to you! Good luck to everyone!,【小试牛刀】 Science and technology _ playing a more and more important part in our daily life. Ais Bare Chas Dhave 【解析】 science and technology 作主语，意为“科技”，谓语动词用单数。由题干可知是现在进行时的用法。【答案】 A The New York Times _ published by the day in the USA，which _ a powerful nation i
28、n the world. Aare；is Bare；are Cis；are Dis；is 【解析】书刊、报纸、地名等虽以复数形式出现,但作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。the New York Times 是报纸名,所以用单数;which 引导的定语从句谓语动词的数与先行词 the USA 保持一致,故用单数。【答案】D,A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. Ashow；are Bshows；is Cshow；is Dsho
29、ws；are 【解析】考查主谓一致。由a survey可知第一个空用shows，首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的three hours of outdoor exercise a week表抽象概念，看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】B The number of people，who have access to their own cars，_ sharply in the past decade. Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 【解析】主句主语是the number，谓语动词用单数，排除C项；根据时间状语in the past d
30、ecade可知应用完成时态，故选D。【答案】D,补全句子并注意两句的异同 (1)Bread and butter a daily food in the West. Both bread and butter sold out. (2)The worker and writer from Wuhan. The worker and the writer from Beijing. (3)His family a great one. His family music lovers. (4)The teacher as well as the students read the book alr
31、eady. Not only the teacher but also the students read the book already. (5)The number of people invited fifty. But a number of them absent for different reasons.,is,are,is,are,is,are,has,have,was,were,Grammar,【考点警示】 1注意在具体语境和搭配中某些特殊主语(集体名词、非谓语动词、从句、分数等)的主谓一致。 2理解某些特殊结构及词汇在具体语境中的单复数意义，记住其中的一些规则。,【过关强
32、练】 .用适当的谓语动词填空 1The man together with his wife and children_ (sit) there watching TV. 2More than one student_ (have) passed the examination. 3Every means_ (have) been tried. 4She is the one of those women who_ (know) a thing about furniture. 5A large quantity of water_ (be) coming.,is,sits,has,has,k
33、nows,.单项填空 1The day before yesterday the police including one officer_ searching for the murderer in that mountain. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 2The population of Jiangsu_ to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.Ahas grown Bhave grownCgrew Dare growing 3Listening to l
34、oud music at rock concerts_ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.Ais Bare Chas Dhave 4A poet and artist_ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere,5Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
35、 work B. working C. is working D. are working 6All the scientific evidence_ that increasing use of chemicals in farming_ damaging our health. (2012湖南35) Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is 7The basketball coach，as well as his team，_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding perform
36、ance. (2012陕西12) Awere Bwas Cis DAre 8.Onethird of the country_ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ black people.(2011湖南26) Ais；are Bis；is Care；are Dare；is,(2013上海卷)39. Among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. A. is B. are C. is there D. are there (2013江苏卷)
37、21. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were (2013湖南卷)33. The university estimates thatliving expenses for international students _ _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them. are；is B. are；ar
38、e C. is；are D. is；is,高考试题赏析,（2012湖南卷35） All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 【考点】主谓一致 【答案】D 【解析】句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多的 使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。第一空前主语是不可 数名词evidence，故谓语动词用单数shows；第二空前主语中 心词是use，故谓语动词
39、要用is ，即D项正确。,（2012陕西卷12.） The basketball coach, as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for theiroutstanding performance. A. were B. was C is D. are 【考点】主谓一致和时态 【答案】B 【解析】句意：因表现突出，在赛后，球队教练包括队员 接受了采访。依据时间状语shortly after the match，句子应该 使用一般过去时态，结合句子的主语coach可知， B选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。 【难
40、度】一般 【知识拓展】单数名词/代词作主语，后接with, along with， together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including etc. + 名词/代词，谓语动词使用 单数形式。,【2011安徽卷）27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. we
41、re 【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。 【解析】定语从句中先行词是the raw materials， 故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态 为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的 65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。【答案】D,【2011湖南卷)26】One third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 【考点】考查主谓一致。 【解析】整个国家为整体，三分之一的部
42、分当然也应 用单数；而the majority of citizens主要指人，是可数 名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示“大多数， 大部分”。【答案】A,B,A,2010四川卷 Such poets as Shakespeare _ widelyread，of whose works，however，some _ difficult to understand. Aare；are Bis；isCare；is Dis；are 【解析】 A 考查主谓一致。第一空poets作主语， 谓语用are，第二空some of his works作主语， 表示复数的概念，依然用are。 解析 句意为：一些诗人
43、，像莎士比亚，(其作品) 被广泛阅读，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。 句中of whose works到句末为非限制性定语从句； 第一个空的主语是some poets，故谓语动词用复数 形式；第二个空的主语是some of whose works， 谓语动词也要用复数形式。,2010湖南卷 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave 【解析】 C 考查主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语 作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D 两
44、项。根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。 解析 句意为：听摇滚音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致 一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语，故谓语 动词用单数，根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态， 故C项正确。,2010陕西卷 It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area. Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built 【解析】 D 本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。many a 加名词单数，谓语动词要用单数形式，排除
45、A、B， at present表明了“现在”排除C。,2009山东卷 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ risingsteadily since 1990. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 【解析】 C 主语是 the number，故谓语动词用 单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以用完成时态。,【举一反三】 (2009陕西卷) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ visit Beijing thi
46、s summer. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 技巧点拨：考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语为Dr. Smith，与together with his wife and daughters无关，谓语动词应该使用单数，排除B和D；由时间状语this summer，可知应该用一般将来时，故正确答案为A选项。,2009四川卷 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. Aare; were Bis; wereCare; was Dis; was 【解析】 D 第一空谓语要和the teacher一致； 第二空that指代Reading Skills这本书， 谓语应用单数形式。,
