1、 动名词和现在分词的用法辨析动词的-ing 形式在英语中可看作是动名词和现在分词，不少学生在遇到动词的-ing 形式时，因为形式一样，所以很难区分什么时候动词的-ing 形式是动名词，什么时候是现在分词。因此，要从概念和用法方面区分动词的-ing 形式是动名词还是现在分词。动词的-ing形式是起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。主要区别如下：一、动词的-ing 形式用作主语时，为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1动名词用作主语Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talk
2、ing to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2有时 it 作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面Its nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本
3、书是浪费时间。3 “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing 形式用作宾语时，为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished
4、 reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。2有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing 形式用作状语时，为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magn
5、ificent view.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。 （表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。 （表原因）A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see its walls.一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间，就会看不到火山口壁。 （表条件）Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，
6、还是要我赔偿损失。 （表让步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。 （表结果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着。 （表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词作表语时的辨析动名词：表主语的内容,相当于一个名词,不能用 very, so, quite 等修饰。现在分词：表主语特征或性质，相当于一个形容词，可用 very, so, quite, such 等修饰。Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。 （
7、动名词作表语）Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。 （动名词作表语）The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。 （动名词作表语）The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。 （现在分词作表语）This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 （现在分词作表语）The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。 （现在分词作表语）The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。 （现在分词作
8、表语）【注意】 现在分词当表语时与进行时的区别：现在分词：主语具备的性质，描述的是一种状态。进行时：强调动作正在发生，侧重对动作的描述。The book is very interesting.(现在分词，表示书的性质：这是一本有趣的书。)We are having English class.(进行时，表动作正在进行。)五、动名词与现在分词作定语时的辨析现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，也可以说，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。动名词： 动名词表性质或用途或功能。现在分词：表所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，与所修饰的词有逻辑上
9、的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。There is a swimming pool in our school. (动名词，表用途、作用)= There is a pool for swimming in our school.I found a sleeping baby on the bed. (现在分词，表正在进行的动作 )= I found a baby who is sleeping on the bed.The boy standing there is my classmate.(现在分词，表正在进行的动作。)= The boy who is standing there is m
10、y classmate.六、使用动词的-ing 形式的两个注意点1只跟动词的-ing 形式的词有：enjoy, finish, dislike, avoid, keep, mind, practice, suggest, escape, excuse, miss, imagine 等。I often practice speaking English. 我经常练习说英语。She doesnt mind doing housework. 她不介意做家务活。Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜欢听音乐吗？2 “go+动词的-ing 形式”是一种固定搭配，其意义往往
11、表示“去从事某项活动（娱乐及购物） ”。如：go swimming（去游泳） ，go sailing（去航海） ，go skating（去滑冰） ，go hunting（去打猎） ，go fishing （去钓鱼） ，go shopping（去购物） ，go hiking（去远足） ，go boating（去划船） ，go climing（去爬山） ，go camping（去野营）等。七、练一练1. -Would you mind my pet dog while Im away?-Sure, no problem.A. setting up B. looking after C. turin
12、g down D. keeping out2. That day I saw some parents at the back of the classroom, to the teacher.A.sitting; listened B. sat; listened C.sitting; listening D. sat; listening3. Oliver was so busy a novel that he to have dinner.A.reading; forgets B.to read; forgets C. to read; forgot D. reading; forgot
13、4. No matter the weather is like, you can always find out suffers out the waves in Honolulu.A.what; riding B.how; riding C. what; to ride D.how; to ride5.Kids of the schools because of heavy rain.A.are keeping playing outside B.were kept from playing outside C. were kept to play outside D.were keepi
14、ng playing outside 6. -Do you practise English in class at school?-Yes, we practise it every Friday at school.A.spoken; speaking B. spoken; spoken C.speaking; spoken D.speaking; speaking7. As we all know, China belongs to country in the world.A.developed B. develop C.to develop D.developing8. -Guess! What an news for all of us it is!-Really? Thats very goodA.excited B. excting C.excite D.to excite答案：1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B
