1、动名词 -ing,动名词的句法功能,Pick out the gerund in the sentences and tell their functions.,起名词的作用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,1. For many of todays advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successful approach. 2. A lot of his money is spent on playing computer games. 3. Others try to create advertisements that people simp
2、ly enjoy looking at. 4. His hobby is collecting stamps. 5. For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine”。,( 动词宾语）,( 定语）,( 主语）,( 介词宾语）,( 表语）,归纳:,动名词,一用作主语 Playing with fire is dangerous.Seeing is believing.也可以用it作形式主语，动名词放在后面。eg. Its no use arguing with him.注意：在以下结构中常用动名词作主语。 It is no use/useles
3、s/ no good / a waste of time + doingIts no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收）,动名词和不定式作主语的区别 动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 例： Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous.（指某一具体动作）,二. 用作宾语,作动词宾语必须加动名词作宾语的动词 避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/ postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 sugg
4、est finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate imagine resist 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape risk pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep mind,）作介词宾语：Despite lacking money, his parents sent him to a good university.He was late again because of getting up late.Lock the doors and wind
5、ows before going out. What/How about the two of us playing games？,这些短语中的to都是介词：be/get used to look forward toget down to pay attention todevote oneself to be devoted to contribute to make contributions to object to（反对） lead to stick to （坚持） refer to go back to appeal to（吸引）belong to date back to,动名词
6、用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be busy (in), set about, put off, think of，insist on ,cant stand eg. She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break?,4).既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：a) remember, forget, regret, mean, try, go on, stop等，但表达的意义不同。I remember seeing her at the hote
7、l. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),b)在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。,c)在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义没有太大区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 但是，在以下情况下，begin / start后面一般只用不定式 当主语是物时 当begin/start后的动词是know, realise, see等 b
8、egin / start本身就是形式ing形式,d）advise, allow, permit, forbid, v + doingv + sb. + to do eg. We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.,e) need / want / require 作需要讲时，后面跟动名词表示被动，等于后面跟动词不定式的被动式。v + doing = v + to be doneeg. The window needs (wants / requires) cleaning / to be cleaned.,三用作表语
9、 说明主语是什么，可与主语交换位置 ，,Her job is teaching.Compare：1. My suggestion is going there tomorrow.2. Her job is very interesting. 3. Tom is doing his homework.,动名词作表语,现在分词作表语,现在进行时,四. 用作定语 说明所修饰物的作用及用途。1. There is a swimming pool.2. He has a reading room.3. We need a new washing machine.,动名词的时态和 语态,一、动名词的形式,
10、动名词的否定形式：not doingnot having done,动名词的时态,一般式 doing 动名词如果没有表示明确的时间，或与谓语动作同时发生，则用一般式。 We are interested in playing chess. His coming will be of great help to us. 在某些动词或词组后一般只用动名词的一般式。,2.完成式 having done如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用完成式。 I am sorry for not having kept my promise.,动名词的语态,主语是动名词所表示的动作对象时，动名词用被
11、动语态。 being done 或 having been done 后一种使用的较少。 eg. He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left at home.,动名词的主动表被动 be worth doing eg. The book is worth reading.The city is worth visiting again. 在这个句型中不能用being done 或 to be done. 2. need/want /require doing 在这个句型中也可以用to be done ，但不能用being done eg.
12、The window needs cleaning / to be cleaned.,动名词的复合结构,逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构 在句中作主语、宾语或表语 逻辑主语：名词一般格，所有格， 及 代词宾格，形容词性的物主代词 需注意：1.作主语，只能用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词2.作宾语四种形式都可以用。 eg. My / Toms being late again made my / his teacher angry.Would you mind my /me /Tom / Toms opening the window?,1.The news that our team had be
13、en defeated was disappointed. 2.Lucy dosent mind to lend you her MP3. 3.After take his measure, they decided to give him the position. 4.Which do you enjoy spending your weekend, fishing or shopping? 5.I still remember taken to Shanghai when I was a child.,disappointing,lending,taking,to spend,being
14、,Correct the mistakes in each sentence.,6.I am not used to be spoken to like that. 7.We would appreciate to hear from you soon. 8.People sometimes cant help to buy something they wont need. 9.I can hardly imagine Peter sails across the river. 10.Tony was very unhappy for having not been invited to t
15、he party.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,not having,1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed,2. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,3. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave,4. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding.A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading,
