1、SAT:比较结构,JADY,比较结构: 形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构(Comparative Construction)。,as.as结构,more.than结构,the most.结构,比较结构的三种形式,as.as结构 这种结构的基本模式是:as+形容词/副词原级+as分句。意思是“和.也一样.”。 eg: John is as bright as Bob. John behaves as politely as Bob(does). 注:同学们,如果要把以上句子变为否定句,我们该如何变呢?与你的搭档进行一分钟的讨论,看谁变得正确? 下面请大家来看一看我是怎么变的,与你们
2、的结果有什么不同呢?,John is not as bright as Bob.John doesnt behaves as politely as Bob(does).结论:在英语中,若要把一个句子变为否定,看其句子里面有没有系动词或情态动词,如果有的话,直接在系动词或情态动词后面加not,反之,则需要靠助动词来帮忙,但在使用助动词的时候,特别要注意时态的变化。同学们,上面的句子还可以用其他方式来表达否定意义吗?,下面我们来看一看 eg: John is less bright than Bob. John behaves less politely than bob. 但是,less.th
3、an结构在实际运用上不如not so/as.as结构普通。 从以上例子可以看出,在带有as.as结构的句子中,通常是主句主语和as-分句的主语不同,而比较项目相同。这是as.as结构最基本的用法。但在as.as结构的句子中也可能主语相同,而比较项目不同。,eg: The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.(这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。) She is not so witty as she is pretty.(她相貌美丽,但不太风趣。) 也可能两个主语和两个比较项目都不同,即两个不同的人或物就不同方面进行比较。 例如:,This swimming
4、pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.(这个游泳池的宽度并没有那个游泳池长度的两倍。)His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honourable.(他的叔叔卑鄙龌龊,不像父亲哪有正直可敬。)从以上例子可以看出,当主句主语和as-分句主语不同而比较项目时,as-分句总是有所省略,即通常用不完全句。more.than 结构就有类似的情况。,as.as结构的另一种模式: as much/many+名词+as+as-分句,这时many/much是限定词
5、。 例如: He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother(has).,as.as结构的变体形式 as+形容词原级+名词词组+as-分句。例如: I cant want as expensive a car as this. Hardly ever have i heard as impressive music as this.其实,这类结构都是由as.as结构的基本模式转换而来的。,基本模式和变体形式的含义基本相同,但是读起来调核位置不同。变体形式:调核落在名词上,名词的意
6、义受强调。基本形式:调核落在形容词上,形容词的意义受强调。试比较: I havent seen as old a car as this for years. I havent seen a car as old as this for years.,因此,as.as结构的基本模式和变体形式尽管可以相互替换,但在意义上却有些差别。注意: 在as.as结构的变体形式中,插入在as.as结构中的名词词组通常是“不定冠词+单数名词”或者“零冠词+不可数名词”。但“零冠词+不可数名词”作如此用法比较罕见。 例如: I dont smoke cigarettes as expensive as thes
7、e. ?I dont smoke as expensive cigarettes as these.(罕见),more.than结构 这种结构的基本模式:形容词/副词比较级+that-分句。 例如: John is brighter than Bob. This parcel is heavier than that one.同样,这种比较结构的否定式即可用less.than表示,也可以用not so/as.as表示: This parcel is less heavy than that one. This car doesnt run so/as fast as than that one
8、.,但是,less.than结构的使用没有not so/as.as结构那样频繁。有时,less.than听起来不够自然,在这种情况下也可以用原句中形容词、副词的反义词的比较级+than-分句来表示。但含义有所区别。eg. This street is less wide than that one. This street is narrower than one.,more.than结构的另一种模式 限定词more/less/fewer+名词+than-分句。 例如: 1.She has written more essays than me. 2.I spent less money on
9、 clothing than my sister. 3.There are fewer visitors today than yesterday.,more.than结构的两种变体形式 第一种:不定冠词/零冠词+形容词比较级+名词+than-分句 eg: My brother has a larger house than mine. John is a more efficient worker jack. 第二种:定冠词+形容词/副词比较级+of-词组 eg: John is the brighter of the two boys.,从上述例子可以看出,用这种变体形式进行比较都只用于两
10、者之间的比较。more/less还可用作代词,与某些可等级搭配构成比较结构:例如: He is more/less of a sportman than his brother. =He is more/less sportsmanlike than his brother.,(the)+形容词/副词比较级+比较范围 如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,就要使用形容词和副词的最高级。 例如: This is the most interesting book i have ever read. He works (the) hardest of all. 由以上例子可以看出,当表示“最高级”
11、的意义时,通常都有一个比较范围。表示比较范围可以用介词词组,也可以用关系分句或非限定分句。,最高级含义也可以用其他结构来表示1.用as.as结构表示 Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China. =My first visit to China shook me the most deeply.2.用“否定词+比较级”表示 I like nothing better. It cant be worse.,Exercise 25AFill in an appropriate comparative constr
12、uction. 1. He looked_a brick wall.(nervous) 2. Drive_you can.(fast) 3. Which job is_,a policemans or a firemans ?(dangerous) 4. Youre far_i am.(tolerant) 5. Could you come_you usually do?(early),在讲比较结构的时候,还要把某些限定词和代词的比较等级构成的比较结构包括进去。在英语中,有几个不定限定词和不定代词也有原级、比较级和最高级 。它们分别是: many more most few fewer fewest little less least,