1、第 1 页（共 34 页）2019 年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1 （15 分）To Be Joyful， To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ Its probably not what you think In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research， I （1） （learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and fr
2、eedom Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is notWhy？ Because life is to be enjoyed Theres no point （2） （abandon） something you enjoy unless you get something back thats even better， and quickly When people eat more healthfully， （3） （quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they fee
3、l so much better， so quickly It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of livingWhen you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep Two studies showed just walking for three
4、hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞） （4） （grow） that it actually increased the size of peoples brains!Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less You look younger and more attractive In contrast， an unhealthy diet， lasting emotional stre
5、ss and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5） you age more quickly Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower， （6） decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely This is why smokers look years older than they really areOne of t
6、he most interesting findings was that the mothers awareness of stress was more important than （7） was objectively occurring in their lives （8） （give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a threepoint scale how stressed they felt each day The women who realized they were under heavy stres
7、s had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9） who felt more relaxed Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10） 第 2 页（共 34 页）raising a disabled child had more normalappearing telomeresIn other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed2 （15 分）A uprising B or
8、iginal C frequently D spectacularE features F luxuriously G captured H approachesI inhabited J matters K ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has b
9、een（1） continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2） and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times， created a grand Royal residence William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames
10、and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground It was a days march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3） to the capital The outer walls of todays structure are in the same position as those of the （ 4） castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070sThe Queen uses the Castle bo
11、th as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties Windsor Castle is （5） used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for
12、 a month over Easter （MarchApril） The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6） bitsthe State Apartments， St Georges Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Marys Dolls House Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many differe
13、nt royal generations The State Apartments are（7） decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functionsThe magnificent and beautiful St Georges Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII It （8） among the finest examples of late medieval archite
14、cture in the UK第 3 页（共 34 页）The Drawings Gallery（9） the exhibition “The Queen： 60 Photographs for 60 Years“ The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10 ） in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatheringsIII. Reading Comprehension3 （30 分）“Nature and Nurture“People hav
15、e wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1） Social scientists are of course （2） interested in these types of questions They want to explai
16、n why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour There are no clear answers yet， but two （3） schools of thought on the matter have developed As one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4） of each theor
17、y The controversy（争论） is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture“Those who（5） the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6） determined by biological factors That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities， charact
18、eristics and behaviour is （7） to this theory Taken to an extreme， this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8） Supporters of the “nurture“ theory， or， as they are often called， （9） ， claim that our environment is more
19、 important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act A behaviorist， B F Skinner， sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10） by their surroundings The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic They state that， like machines， humans respon
20、d to （11） stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behaviourSocially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are （12） In the US， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence 第 4 页（共 34 页）tests This leads some “nature“ supporters to conclude that blacks are genet
21、ically lower in status than whites are Behaviorists， （13） ， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same （14） that whites doNeit
22、her of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour As a matter of fact， it is quite （15） that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain（1）A sensitive B productive C competitive D aggressive（2）A modera
23、tely B extremely C reluctantly D scarcely（3）A distinct B reliable C relevant D equal（4）A objectors B operators C opponents D advocates（5）A claim B support C resolve D inherit（6）A completely B largely C thoroughly D merely（7）A sensitive B open C central D subject（8）A abilities B capacities C personal
24、ities D instincts（9）A experts B scientists C environmentalists D behaviorists（10）A shaped B dominated C oppressed D restricted（11）A environmental B biological C genetic D psychological（12）A temporary B slight C fatal D farreaching（13）A on the contrary B as a whole C after all D for instance（14）A hab
25、its B responses C characteristics D advantages（15）A necessary B impossible C unreasonable D likely4 （8 分）Im a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen， but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsburys to make ends meet I do three night shifts a we
26、ek， plus overtime if I can get it Monday is the most occupied day for me I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights， earning just 第 5 页（共 34 页）over 100 a night， and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday By the time I finish lectures， at 2 pm， Im exhausted， but I kno
27、w I have to be back at work by 10 pmI constantly have to force myself to stay awake， and to be alert， whatever it takes A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps The work I do at Sainsburys is very physical like stacking shelves Im lucky because Im an active person and the amount I lift at w
28、ork is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym I know I have the strength to bear itIm originally from Nigeria I came here when I was seven， growing up in Croydon， south London Money was tight My parents gave me everything I needed， but there was no money to spend on luxuries I worked ha
29、rd at school though and， with the help of GT Scholars， I got some of the best Alevel grades in my classUnfortunately， though I had applied for “settled“ British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application That meant I wasnt eligible
30、for a student loan The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents， who work in market research， paid for my tuition fees In Scotland， thats about 7，000 a year I dont have much time to socialize because of my job Ideally，
31、I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isnt new to me Growing up， my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in lifeMy dream is to do an M
32、A in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS But right now， Im just focused on trying to get the best grades I can Whenever I find life hard， I tell myself this is about my future I dont need much， but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time That is what
33、 I look forward to the most（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？ A To help his parents pay off the debtsB To pay for his tuition fees第 6 页（共 34 页）C To prove his ability to earn moneyD To pay for his own living expenses（2）The underlined word “eligible“ in the passa
34、ge can be replaced by AresponsibleB qualifiedC feasibleD anxious（3）According to the passage， which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？ A SociableB DiligentC AmbitiousD Persistent（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？ A A penny saved is a penny e
35、arnedB Actions speak louder than wordsC God helps those who help themselvesD Where there is life， there is hope5 （6 分）Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？ What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a stepbystep
36、 path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed Read on to discover if its the right path for you：What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and backend web developing With knowledge of what i
37、t means to build applications from start to finish， a full stack developer can plan， manage， and build software with general knowhow A core difference between front and backend developers is that frontend developers handle 第 7 页（共 34 页）building the user interface aspect of a website， while backend d
38、evelopers deal with internal tasks such as web servers， applications， and databasesCombined， they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly Both skillsets are crucial for being a wellrounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying fo
39、r jobs If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for youDemand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer， there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more
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41、earn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you goHeres What Youll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the frontend and backend stacksLearn
42、Ruby on Rails， HTML， CSS， and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using frontend framework， Angular， and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably fi
43、nd this passage？ A ArtsB SciencetechnologyC CoursesD Business（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A Front and backend developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and 第 8 页（共 34 页）databasesB Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due
44、to high demand for skillsC The job prospect for web developers isnt promising in the long runD You cant start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？ A To advertise for full stack web developersB T
45、o inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developerC To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developerD To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide6 （8 分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final l
46、eg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague， may come as a surprise to many Few outside the Nordic（北欧的） world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946 More people should The 120 works have at their core 20 selfportraits，
47、half the number she painted in all The first， dated 1880， is of a wideeyed teenager eager to absorb everything The last is a sighting of the artists ghosttobePrematurely gifted， Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Societys drawing school “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow“， a history p
48、ainting， was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17 Schjerfbeck studied in Paris， went on to Pont Aven， Brittany， where she painted for a year， then to Tuscany， Cornwall and St Petersburg During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall， Schjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent“ A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair， toying with a sprig（小枝条） The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish
