1、The Alimentary System,Department of Anatomy Yunyang medical college,Composition,Digestive tube 消化管,Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestineLarge intestine,Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum,Digestive glands 消化腺,Major salivary glands Liver Pancreas,The stomach is a mascular capsule ,and it is the most dil
2、ated portion of the alimentary canal,and is situated between the end of the esophagus and the beginning of the small intestine.,The Stomach 胃,The Stomach 胃,Shape Two surfaces: anterior and posterior Two curvatures两个弯曲 Lesser curvature 胃小弯 : angular incisure 角切迹 Greater curvature 胃大弯 Two openings Car
3、dia 贲门 Pylorus 幽门,Parts of stomach Cardiac part 贲门部 Fundus of stomach 胃底 Body of stomach 胃体 Pyloric part 幽门部 Pyloric antrum幽门窦 Pyloric canal 幽门管,Position Main parts is situated in the left hypochondriac region, small in the epigastric region; the cardia is situated to the left of T11, the pylorus li
4、es to the right of L1,The Small Intestine小肠,It extends from the pylorus to the ileocecal valve,and it is About 5-7m long. Be divided into Duodenum 十二指肠 Jejunum 空肠 Ilium回肠,Duodenum,Jejunum,Ilium,Duodenum十二指肠,It is the shortest,widest and most fixed part of the small intestine,and is about 20-25m long
5、. Position and shape It lies on the posterior wall of the belly (L1-L3) ,and likes a C-shape which enclose the head of the pancreas,Four parts Superior partDuodenal bulb 十二指肠球 Descending part Longitudinal fold of duodenumMajor duodenal papilla十二指肠大乳头 Horizontal part Ascending part duodenojejunal fle
6、xure 十二指肠空肠曲,Suspensory muscle of duodenum十二指肠悬肌 (ligament of Treitz),Jejunum and ileum 空肠和回肠,The upper 2/5 of this part of small intestine are called jejunum and the lower 3/5,ileum.,The features of the jejunum and ileum,Meckel憩室,Large Intestine大肠,It is about 1.5m long, and it extends from ileum to
7、 anus. Five parts: Cecum 盲肠 Vermiform appendix 阑尾 Colon 结肠 Rectum 直肠 Anal canal 肛管,Three Features on apparence Colic bands 结肠带 Haustra of colon 结肠袋 Epiploic appendices 肠脂垂,Caecum 盲肠,It is a Blind pouch and the first part of large intestine. Lies in right iliac fossa The ileum enters the cecum obliqu
8、ely, and partially invaginates into it, forming the ileocecal valveconsists of two folds, probably delays flow of ileal contents into large intestine A opening of appendix,Vermiform appendix 阑尾,Blind worm-like tube It springs from the posteromedial wall of the cecum. It is about 5-7cm long. The base
9、 of the appendix lies at the point of convergence of three colic bands (used as a guide to find the appendix during operation),Position: It lies usually in the right iliac fossa Surface projection of the base is at the so-called McBurneys point which is at junction of lateral and middle thirds of li
10、ne joining right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus,variable in position,Colon 结肠 three characteristics on surface,For parts Ascending colon right colic flexure Transverse colon left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon(Sa3),Rectum 直肠,Curvatures Sagittal plane Sacral flexure Perinea
11、l flexure Coronal plane Lower part of rectum dilated to form ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹 Three transverse folds of rectum 直肠横襞 (7cm),Anal canal 肛管(3-4cm),Anal columns 肛柱 Anal valves 肛瓣 Anal sinuses 肛窦 Dentate line齿状线 Anal pecten 肛梳 White line 白线(Hiltons line) Anus 肛门Anal sphincters 肛门括约肌 Sphincter ani in
12、ternus肛门内括约肌 Sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌,The Liver 肝,The liver is the largest gland in the body and is essential to life. Shape Two surfacesDiaphragmatic surface 膈面 falciform ligament And coronary lig.镰状韧带和冠状韧带,Visceral surface脏面has a H-shaped groove Left limb of H Anteriorly: fissure for ligament
13、um teres hepatis肝圆韧带裂 Posteriorly: fissure for ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带裂 Right limb of H Anteriorly: fossa for gallbladder 胆囊窝 Posteriorly: sulcus for vena cava 下腔静脉沟,There is a H-shaped groove Cross-bar of H is the porta hepatic 肝门: traversed by right and left hepatic ducts, left and right branches
14、of proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels. hepatic pedicle 肝蒂 Four lobes: left, right, quadrate and caudate lobes,Position: Most of liver lies in the right hypochondriac region and epigastric region, less part extending into the left hypochondriac region,Extrahep
15、atic Biliary Apparatus,It consists of: Gall bladder 胆囊 Left and right hepatic ducts 肝左、右管 Common hepatic duct肝总管 Common bile duct 胆总管,Gallbladder 胆囊,Position : Four parts: Fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底Surface projection: at the junction of right midclavicular line and right costal arch Body of gallbladd
16、er 胆囊体 Neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈 Cystic duct 胆囊管,Boundaries: the common hepatic duct on the left, the cystic duct on the right, the liver, superiorly Content: cystic artery,Triangle of Calot,Biliary duct system and Drainage of the bile,Right and left hepatic ducts unite outside of liver to form the co
17、mmon hepatic duct Cystic duct joins common hepatic duct to form common bile duct Common bile duct and pancreatic duct usually unite to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla,Four parts Head Uncinate process Neck Body Tailruns in base of lienorenal ligament to reach hilum of spleen,The Pancreas 胰,Shape an
18、d Position Lies behind the peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall, roughly at the level of of L1L2,Pancreatic duct Main Pancreatic duct Begins at tail and throughout gland. Joins common bile duct before entering descending part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla(Vater ampulla) Accessory pancreatic duct Opens 2cm above main duct at lesser duodenal papilla,Thank you ! see you later !,
