1、专题七 形容词和副词,第二部分 语法专题突破,命题点一 形容词用法与辨析,第一节 形容词和副词的用法及辨析,第二节 形容词和副词的比较等级,命题点二 副词的用法与辨析,命题点一 形容词的用法与辨析,分析衡阳近7年中考真题可知，形容词词义辨析是每年必考点。主要在完形填空中考查3个形容词的语境辨析，偶尔考查形容词的固定,第一节 形容词和副词的用法及辨析,搭配。单词拼写题近4年共考查4次。单项选择中考查较少。考生平常复习中需重点记忆常见形容词的词义以及固定搭配。,形容词的用法及位置(2013年3题，2011年38题),形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语，表语或宾语补足语。 作定
2、语 (1)修饰名词时，一般放在名词的前面。如： He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。,(2)修饰复合不定代词时，必须后置。如： I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情告诉你。 (3)enough修饰名词时，既可前置，也可后置(常前置)。如： We have enough time to finish the work.我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。,作表语 (1)形容词经常放在系动词后面作表语，初中阶段常见的系动词有：be, look, sound, smell, taste, fe
3、el, seem, get, become, turn等。如： The milk smells terrible. 牛奶闻起来很糟糕。 (2)有些形容词只能作表语，如：afraid 害怕的，alike 相像的，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，ill生病的。如：,She cleaned the room while her baby was asleep. 她在婴儿睡着时打扫了房间。 作宾语补足语 形容词放在宾语之后，对其进一步补充说明。如： I find it easy to learn English well. 我发现学好英语是容易的。,常见的形容词词义辨析 常见同
4、类形容词辨析 衡阳中考中对同类形容词辨析的考查主要包括情感情绪类(sad难过的， afraid害怕的， angry 生气的)、性格品质类(polite礼貌的)、天气类(foggy多雾的)和词义相对类等。,常见易混形容词辨析1. little, a little, few与a few讲解详见本书P132. too much, much too与too many讲解详见本书P513. v.-ing形容词与v. -ed形容词讲解详见本书P24,常见的形容词固定搭配,与for搭配be famous for因而出名(2014年65题)be bad for对有坏处be eager for渴望be good
5、 for对有好处be sorry for为感到抱歉be thirsty for渴望,与of搭配be full of.充满be proud of.对感到自豪be afraid of.害怕be tired of对厌倦与with搭配be angry with生的气be busy with忙于,be filled with.充满be satisfied with对感到满意be patient with对有耐心be strict with sb.对某人要求严格(更多相关固定搭配见话题写作天天见),1. Most foreign visitors are very i_ in Chinese tradit
6、ional culture.2. Mr. Tan makes the best noodles in the town. They taste really d_！3. The film was so b_ that I felt sleepy when I saw it yesterday evening.,nterested,elicious,oring,4. It might be cold and _ (潮湿的) in Hong Kong in January.5. The story is really _ (有趣的). It makes all of us laugh a lot.
7、6. This kind of mobile phone is very _ (便宜的) and simple to use.7. Its every policemans duty to keep people _ (安全的) and the traffic in good order.,wet,funny,cheap,safe,8. Nowadays, its very necessary to protect our _ (person) information.9. WeChat is very popular among young people because its really
8、 _ (use)10. April Fools Day is a _ (west) festival. You can play a joke on others on that day.,personal,useful,western,11. Why did she get so mad? It was only a _ (hopeful, harmless, harmful) joke.12. Though he is alone at home, he doesnt feel _ for he has many things to do.,harmless,lonely,命题点二 副词的
9、用法与辨析,近7年衡阳中考真题中，对副词的用法与辨析的考查仅在完形填空中出现，且考查重点为副词词义辨析。在备考时，考生要熟练掌握课本中重点副词的词义及用法。,副词的用法,主要用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中可用作状语、表语和定语。如： I spread my arms wide, laughing loudly and proudly. 我张开双臂，大声而又自豪地笑着。 Lingling can draw very well. Drawing is her hobby. 玲玲画画很好。画画是她的爱好。,副词一般位于句首、句末或放在所修饰的动词之后；频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，be
10、动词、助动词、情态动词之后。如： Clearly, my friend had left it in the taxi the night before.很明显，我朋友前一天晚上把它落在了那辆出租车上。 He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。,常见副词的分类,以ly结尾的副词,程度副词：放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后(enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置),时间副词,地点副词,疑问副词,频度副词讲解详见本书P23表示“也，又”的副词。常见的有“also, too, either, as well”等。讲解详见本书P65,形容词转化为副
11、词,注意：有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：lovely, lively, friendly, lonely。,13. The film covers all of the Chinese culture. It is r_ worth seeing again.14. Driving in this area can be very dangerous. You cant be t_ careful.15. Though Jack and Mike are twin brothers, they deal with problems quite d_,eally,oo,ifferent
12、ly,16. Students are encouraged to discuss _ (自由 地) about what they think.17. My brothers spoken English was very poor, but now he can speak English _ (完美地) after studying hard.18. Dont stay up too late. We will have to set off _ to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning.,freely,perfectly,early,19.
13、 For a moment, I could say nothing. I could _ stand and look.20. Its difficult to live in a foreign country, _ if you cant understand the language there.,only,especially,21. Many villages and towns in south China were damaged _ by the typhoon last year.22. Its very _ for people to learn team spirit.
14、 If everyone can do this, the world will be more beautiful.,seriously,important,nervous important happy serious heavy natural,23. When Mary stood up to answer the question, she was _ at first but soon relaxed.24. A _ smiling face looks more beautiful than a madeup one.25. It rained _ on my way home
15、yesterday and my clothes were wet through.26. Look on the bright side of things, and you will live _,nervous,natural,heavily,happily,第二节形容词和副词的比较等级,分析衡阳近7年中考真题可知，形容词和副词的比较等级是衡阳中考的高频考点，在完形填空和单词拼写中各考查1次，其余均在单选中考查。主要集中于形容词比较级的不规则变化、多音节形容词和副词的比较级以及比较级的特殊句型，少量涉及形容词的,最高级。比较级和最高级一般均可以由标志词和句意推断出来。考生在解答此类试题时
16、，需做到以下几点：,1. 熟记形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化和不规则变化，以及其特殊句型； 2. 理解句意，明确空格处所缺内容的词性、词义等，判断是否考查比较等级；,3. 分析句子结构，寻找比较等级的标志词或固定结构(如than是比较级的标志；one of 后跟最高级；as.as中间是原级；两者间比较用比较级，三者间比较用最高级；句中有表示程度的副词修饰时用比较级等)得出正确答案。若无明显的标志词，则需考生根据 语境进行判断。,形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化,形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化,形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法,原级比较(即同级比较)的用法 (1)AB：asadj./adv.原级a
17、s。(2015年28题)如： English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和汉语一样有趣。 (2)AB：not so/asadj./adv.原级as。如： This dictionary is not as expensive as that one.这本字典没有那本贵。,比较级的用法(2013年65题，2012年23题，2012年43题，2011年22题，2010年28题) (1)表示两者进行比较时用比较级， 其结构为， 即表示“A比B”(注意比较的对象要一致)。(2013年65题，2012年23题，2012年43题)如： My bike is more b
18、eautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的自行车更漂亮。,A.+比较级+than+B,(2)表示“A不及B”， 即AB。如： The film was less interesting than the book.那部电影不及那本书有趣。 (3)由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时， 用形容词或副词的比较级。(2011年22题)如：,A.+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B,It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。 (4)在两者之间进行选择，表示“哪一个更”时，用句型 表示。如： Wh
19、ich is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近， 月球还是地球？,Which/Who.比较级, A or B,(5)表示两者之间较的一个(of the two)时， 常用 结构。如： He is the thinner of the two.他是两个人中较瘦的那个。 (6) 表示“越来越”。如： Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。,the比较级,比较级and比较级,(7) 表示“越， 就越”。(2010年28题)如： The more fruit
20、 you eat, the healthier you will be.你吃的水果越多， 你就越健康。 (8)表示“几倍于用 表示。如： My dog is three times heavier than my cat.我的狗比猫重三倍。,the比较级., the比较级.,倍数比较级+than,最高级的用法 (1)三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时， 用最高级。形容词最高级前需加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不加the。句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示范围。(2014年24题)如： This picture is the best of all.这幅画是所有画中最好的。 (2) 形容词最高
21、级前面可以有物主代词、,指示代词、名词所有格等修饰， 但此时 不能再 加定冠词the。如： She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 (3) 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义， 此类结构有 ，和 。如：,比较级+than anyother+名词单数+,比较级+than the other+名词复数,否定词+比较级,+ in/of,Li Lei is taller than any other student in our class.李雷比我们班上其他任何一个同学都高。 No one is taller than Li Lei in our class.在我们班没有人
22、比李雷高。 (4)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时，用句型 。如：,Which/Who.the最高级，A, B,or C？,Who is the tallest, Tom, Ben or Bill? 汤姆、本、比尔， 谁最高？ (5) 表示“中最之一”时， 用 。如： He is one of the best players.他是最好的运动员之一。 (6) 表示“第几最”。如： She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高的女生。,one ofthe+最高级名词复数,the序数词最高级名词,1. Its so cold t
23、oday. To be exact, its a bit c_ than it was yesterday.2. I jumped h_ than Bill in the sports meet last year.3. The more careful you are, the f_ mistakes you will make.,older,igher,ewer,4. Your eyesight will get even w_ if you stare at the screen for too long.5. Our government has done much to protec
24、t the environment. So the air is getting f_ than before.6. Who arrives the _ (early) of all in the company every morning?,orse/weaker,resher,earliest,7. True friendship is even _ (valuable) than money, so we should cherish it when we get it.8. He has _ (strong) arms than before and is able to pick up the table with one hand.9. Which city is the _ (big) in China, Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou?10. I wont make such a silly mistake in my homework again. Ill write it _ (carefully) next time.,more valuable,stronger,biggest,more carefully,
