1、七、定语从句,考点1 5组易混关系代词的用法辨析1. 只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。*All that you need to do is focus on one thing.,(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。*Australia is the only country that is also a continent. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
2、。*This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (4)先行词为人、物并用时。*Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。*Which is the bike that you lost? (6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。*Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.,2. 只用which不用that的情况(1)
3、关系代词前有介词时。*Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。*Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, which they never had time to do while working.,(3)先行词为that/those时。*Whats that which was put in the car? (4)which用作定语时。*He may be late, in which case we oug
4、ht to wait for him.,3. the same. . . as与the same. . . thatthe same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。,4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . thatsuch/so. . . as(定语从句)像那
5、样(as在从句中作主语、宾语等); such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此以至于(that在从句中不作任何成分)This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it.,5. as与which(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, re
6、port等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。,Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2014安徽高考)The exact year_Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.,解题关键: 本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该
7、词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词, 故从句中缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。答案判定: which/that,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空/改错1. (2014全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _is driving your family crazy. 2. (2015全国卷)The citys “psychology cafes”, _offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 3. (2015全国卷)Trust is a learned behavi
8、or _we gain from past experiences.,that/which,which,that/which,4. (2013全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (改错)_,that改为which,考点2 关系代词who, whom, whose1. who和whom的用法(1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时或表示人的名词
9、时。*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015.,(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。*Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting
10、 is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。*The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.,2. whose的用法whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“的”, 可转换为“of +关系代词”,
11、指人时可用of whom; 指物时可用of which。*The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.,【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。*Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese sc
12、holar Confucius, _lived from roughly551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks.,解题关键: 该句为非限制性定语从句, 先行词是Confucius, 定语从句中缺少主语, 应用who引导定语从句。答案判定: who,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空1. (2016北京高考)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. 2. (2015全国卷)This year, 25, 310 students _
13、 have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year.,whose,who,3. (2015全国卷)Students _ take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. 4. (2015陕西高考)A salesman _ is not punctual may not make a sale if he
14、arrives late for an appointment.,who,who,考点3 关系副词when, where, why1. when的用法先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,2. where的用法(1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*The upper flo
15、or is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.,(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, position, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。*You reach a point where medicine cant help.,3. why的用法先行词是表示原因的名
16、词reason时, 可以用why引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 也可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为“的原因是”。,*The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,【点津】(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系代词; 若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系
17、副词。,*This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语)*I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. (关系词在从句中作状语),(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。*I dont like the way that/in which/不填 h
18、e speaks to his mother.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,解题关键: 此处表示当时我是第一个西方记者, 根据句子结构可知, 本句是一个非限制性定语从
19、句, 其先行词为mid-1980s, 故应该使用when表示时间。答案判定: when,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空1. (2016天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. 2. (2015湖北高考)The reason _ the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.,when,why,3. (2015广东高考)When harvest came around, h
20、e was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly. 4. (2014全国卷)The hardwood forests _ passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood.,where,where,考点4介词+关系代词的6个考查点1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to
21、 which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯*He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词*I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly.,4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom*She showed the visitors around the museum,
22、 the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可与whose+n. 互换。,5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom*The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom*She brought with her three friends, none of w
23、hom I had ever met before.,【点津】选择介词的3个原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要; 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。,【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别,【典例剖析】完成句子(2016浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.,解题关键: 该句为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为theories, 指物, 而关系代词放在介词of之后, 应用which引导非限制性定语从句
24、。答案判定: which,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空1. (2014全国卷)September 30 is the day by _ you must pay your bill. 2. (2013浙江高考)The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. 3. (2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, in _ case he is likely to get into the national team.,which,whom,which,4. (2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, of _ half wear glasses.,whom,
