1、汉译英试题训练请将下面这段话翻译成英文：思乡(homesickness)是中国人的一个永恒的话题。从古至今，无论男女，家是他们永久的港湾，思乡是他们不老的情结(complex)。正是这样的情结成为中国历代文人重要的创作题材，并以各种方式，从各种角度加以体现。是故乡，唤起了他们心灵深处最美好的回忆，在对故乡的思念中，他们又仿佛回到了那单纯无邪的童年时代，回到了母亲的怀抱，身心的创伤得到了暂时的平复，精神的空虚得到了刹那的充实，故乡成了他们终极的归宿地(ultimate destination)。翻译及详解Homesickness is an eternal topic for Chinese p
2、eople.Since ancient times, home has been a permanent harbor for both men and women, and homesickness is their ever-young complex.It is such kind of complex that becomes the important theme of Chinese literati in all dynasties; they expressed this theme in various ways and form various angles.It is h
3、ome that arouses the best memories in their hearts.Thanks to those memories, they feel like going back to the pure and innocent childhood and returning to mothers arms.The wounds in body and mind will get healed temporarily and spiritual emptiness will be enriched for a while.Home has become their u
4、ltimate destination.翻译讲解1.思乡：可译为 homesickness，其形容词形式为 homesick。2.不老的情结:可译为 ever-young complex，其中“不老的”译为 ever-young，意为 “永远年轻的”。3.以各种方式，从各种角度加以体现：译文以人作主语，把句式从被动变为主动，并用分号将两个分句连在一起。文中翻译为 the they expressed this theme in various ways and from various angles。4.是故乡，唤起了:此处可用 It is.that.的强调句形式。“唤起”译为 arouse
5、或 bring out。5.回到了回到了:可分别译为 go back to 和 return to，以避免重复，从而体现用词的多样性。6.身心的创伤得到了暂时的平复:可译为 The wounds in body and mind will get healed temporarily。其中“身心的创伤”译为 the wounds in body and mind, “得到平复”译为 get healed。汉译英试题训练低碳生活(low-carbon life)对于我们普通人来说是一种态度，我们应该积极提倡并去实践，从自己做起，从节约水电这些点滴做起。除了植树，有的人买运输里程很短的商品，还有人
6、坚持爬楼梯，形形色色，非常有趣。“低碳生活”的理念逐渐被世界各国所接受。低碳生活的出现不仅告诉人们可以为减碳做些什么，还告诉人们可以怎么做。在这种生活方式逐渐兴起的时候，大家开始关心自己每天是否为减碳做了什么。翻译及详解Low-carbon life is an attitude for ordinary people,and we should actively advocate and practice low-carbon life by doing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and el
7、ectricity.Besides planting trees,some people purchase goods within a short delivery distance and others stick to climbing stairs.People do various things to live a low-carbon life,which is really interesting.“Low-carbon life“ concept has gradually been accepted worldwide.The emergence of low-carbon
8、lifestyle not only introduces to people what they can do for carbon reduction,but also tells them how they can do it.As this lifestyle gradually becomes popular,people begin to ask themselves whether they have contributed something to carbon reduction every day.翻译讲解1.从自己做起，从节约水电这些点滴做起：承接前一句翻译为 by do
9、ing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and electricity，使得句子结构更紧凑，表意更清晰。2.坚持：文中译为 stick to，也可译为 insist on 或 persist in，后面接名词或者动名词。3.低碳生活的出现：可译为 the emergence of low-carbon lifestyle.其中 emergence 意为“出现”。4.减碳：可译为 carbon reduction.reduction 意为“减少，下降”。尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整
10、的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。译文：Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot
11、 and mythological figures dont have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.I
12、n Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the gods wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spir
13、it of esteeming virtue has affected peoples comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.敬茶礼仪当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养(sel
14、f-cultivation)。翻译：Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life. As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup. Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side. Of course,the guests sh
15、ould pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks. When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words. In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately. In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of
16、 Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction. It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.词汇详解：1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶 ”，故译为 offer tea。2.俗话说:可译为 as the saying goes,固定译法。3.酒满茶半:可译为 white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而
17、茶要倒半杯。4.以礼还礼:可译为 pay respect as well。5.讲究小口品饮:即 drink it in small sips。其中，sip 作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如 Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(迈克快速地喝了 一小口饮料。) 词组 take a sip 表示 “喝一小口，抿一口。 ”6.日常礼节:可译为 daily ritual。7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即 show respect to guests and friends。老龄化社会(an aging society)是指老年人口占总人口达到或超过一定的比例的
18、人口结构模型。按照联合国的传统标准是一个地区 60 岁以上老人达到总人口的 10%，新标准是 65 岁老人占总人口的 7%，即该地区视为进入老龄化社会。老龄化的加速对经济社会都将产生巨大的压力。2009 年 10 月 26 日，中国传统节日重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)到来之际，中国正式启动了一项应对人口老龄化战略研究，以积极应对持续加剧的人口老龄化危机。【参考译文】An aging society refers to a population structure model in which aging population reaches or exceeds
19、 a certain proportion. The region is regarded as entering an aging society according to the UNs traditional standard that an areas old people over 60 years old takes up 10% of the total population, while the new standard is old people over 65 years old takes up 7% of the total population. The accele
20、ration of aging will bring enormous pressure to both economy and society. On October 26, 2009 when the Double Ninth Festival, the traditional Chinese festival, came, China formally launched a strategic research on coping with aging of population to deal with increasingly intensifying population agin
21、g crisis.【重点表达】达到或超过 reach or exceed老龄化的加速 the acceleration of aging巨大的压力 enormous pressure中国正式启动了一项应对人口老龄化战略研究，以积极应对持续加剧的人口老龄化危机。China formally launched a strategic research on coping with aging of population to actively deal with increasingly intensifying population aging crisis.(注：注意两个 “应对”的不同翻译)
22、如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。【翻译词汇】步入 step into老龄化社会 aging society独生子女一代 the only-child generation巨大的 enormous调整 adjust计划生育政策 the family planning policy在特殊情况下 under certain circumstanc
23、es由于，迫于 due to放弃 abandon依靠 rely on出生率 birth rate有效的 effective社会保障制度 social security system【精彩译文】Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning
24、policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rat
25、e. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)是中国书法传统书写工具的统称，包括笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone) 。“文房”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝，书房里的工具还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(inkpad)，这些都是书房必备品。唐宋是书法的繁荣时期，当时著名的生厂商制造的经典文房四宝被后世学者高度赞扬。中国传统文化及艺术的发明和发展与文房四宝密切相关。在某种程度上，文房四宝代表了中国传统文化的重要元素。参考译文：T
26、he Four Treasures of the Study,is a general name of the traditional writing tools of Chinese calligraphy, including writing brush, ink, paper and inkstone. The name of Wenfang refers to a scholars study. Besides these four treasures, tools used in the study also include brush pots, brush rack,ink bo
27、x, wrist-rest, brush washer and inkpad, all of which are necessities of the study. Classical products of the Four Treasures of the Study made by famous producers during the Tang and Song Dynasties, when styles of writing were very prosperous, were highly praised by later scholars.The invention and d
28、evelopment of Chinas traditional culture and art are closely related to the Four Treasures of the Study.And to some extent,the Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditional Chinese culture.词句点拨1.“文房”指的是:其中“ 指的是”译为 refer to。“ 文房”用汉语拼音 Wenfang 表示即可。2.除了还有:此处可用 besides 或 in
29、 addition to 表达，而不用 except，因为 except表示“除去不计,不包括在内”。3.经典:可译为 classical。classical products 意为“经典产品 ”。4.和密切相关:可译为 be closely related to5.在某种程度上:可译为短语 to some extent 或 in some degree。在中国，尊老爱幼是中华民族的优秀传统。早在汉朝时期(the Han Dynasty), 政府就曾多次颁布法令，提倡并奖励孝敬老人的行为。中国人以爱、教育、友善和严格的方式对待子孙后代，体现了强烈的道德责任感。尊老爱幼的传统在现代社会得以发扬光
30、大。现在，中国的老人和儿童都有法定的假期老人节(EldersDay)和儿童节。除此之外，政府还颁布特定的法律保护妇女儿童，法律也明确规定中国公民有义务赡养父母、抚养子女。参考译文：It is a fine tradition in China to respect the old and love the young.As early as the Han Dynasty, the government issued laws many times to advocate and reward behavior relating to treating the old with respect
31、.The Chinese people treat their offspring with love and education, with kindness and strictness, embodying a strong sense of moral responsibility.The tradition of respecting the old and taking care of the young has been carried forward in modern times.At present, the old and the young in China have
32、their own legal holidaysElders Day and Childrens Day.Besides, the government has issued specific laws to protect women and children; and some laws also stipulate in explicit terms that Chinese citizens have obligations to take care of parents and raise children.词句点拨1.尊老爱幼:可译为 respect the old and lov
33、e the young。2.早在汉朝时期:“早在” 可以用 as early as 表达。3.发扬光大:可译为 carry forward。4.强烈的道德责任感:可译为 a strong sense of moral responsibility。5.明确规定:可译为 stipulates in explicit terms。年夜饭(family reunion dinner)是除夕(New Years Eve)的最后一餐。这一天人们准备除旧迎新，一家相聚，共进晚餐。一年一次的团圆饭充分地表现出中华民族家庭成员的互敬互爱。家人的团聚往往令“一家之主”在精神上得到安慰与满足，老人家看儿孙满堂，过
34、去的关怀与抚养子女所付出的心血没有白费，这是何等的幸福。而年轻一辈也正可以借此机会对父母的养育之恩表达感激之情。参考译文：Family reunion dinner is the last meal of New Years Eve. On this day, people are ready to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. They get together and have dinner together. The annual reunion dinner fully illustrates the mu
35、tually respect and love of the family members of the Chinese nation. The reunion of the family members always gives mental comfort and satisfaction to the “host of the family”. What happiness it is to see his children and grandchildren gathering around him and that his painstaking effort paid in the
36、 past to care for and raise them is worthwhile. At the same time, the younger generation can take this opportunity to show their gratitude for their parents who gave birth to them and raised them.翻译原文：最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得
37、以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。【翻译词汇】方言 dialect必修课程 compulsory course依据 judging factor支持 approve消失 extinguish文化多样性 cultural diversity弘扬 enhance个性 identity争论说 contend
38、绝对的 absolute引起 give rise to/bring forth考试标准 examination standard不可缺少的 indispensable自愿地 voluntarily学习 acquire参考译文：Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and t
39、hen graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate. On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be pr
40、eserved simultaneously. On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places. Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses wil
41、l bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards. As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local traditional culture as well as a tool for communication, can be acquired and used voluntarily, not compulsorily.中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们
42、只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。【翻译词汇】大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption追求物质生活 pursue material life购买力 purchasing power因此 therefore奢侈品 luxury占 account for市场份额 market share从来讲 in regard to炫耀
43、性消费 conspicuous consumption炫耀 show off与相关 be associated with社会关系 social tie参考译文：As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable
44、 that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of
45、 Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此
46、中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。 在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。参考译文：In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial ja
47、de, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount. At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed. In Europe，porcelain from Changnan was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaini
48、ng even one piece of it would make people feel very proud. In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production，China. Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”， namely“China”.词句点拨1.烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为 m
49、ake bluish white porcelain， 烧制可译为 make， “青白色的”可译为 bluish white。2.色彩晶萤:可译为 glittering,意为“闪闪发光的”。3.远近闻名:可译为 be famous home and abroad。4.以为荣:即 be proud of,文中译为make people feel proud。5.久而久之:理解为“逐渐地 ”，可用 gradually 来表达。6.只记得它是瓷器:根据前后句，本句可译为 only remembering it is “china”, 用现在分词作状语来表达。从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。【翻译词汇】从某种意义上说 in a sense汉字 Chinese character演化 evolve书写形式 form篆书 Seal隶书 Clerical楷书 Regular行书 Running书法家 calligrapher致使 render取得 yi
