1、 八年级上册期中复习资料（人教版/RJ）第一单元惯用法：1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do st
2、h. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析：1. anywher
3、e 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来 You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like
4、.好像，似乎 It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用 begin .1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动：
5、 I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother
6、bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、
7、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.复合不定代词或副的构成及用法 构成：由 some, any, no, every 分别加上 -body, -thing, -one 构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上-where 构成副词。 用法： （1 ）合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants
8、 something to eat. （2 ）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading. （3 ） some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中； any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。 Someone is calling me. There isnt anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? （4 ）形
9、容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。 There is something delicious on the table. （5 ） somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere 用作副词。 Flowers come out everywhere. 注： 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything special 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.短语：go on vacation stay at home go to the mountains go to the beachvisit museums go to summer camp quite a
10、few study forgo out most of the time taste good have a good timeof course feel like go shopping in the past walk aroundtoo many because of one bowl of find out go ontake photos something important up and down come up 语法：Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone
11、? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.How was the food? Everything tasted really good.Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.第二单元惯用法：1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事2. How about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb
12、. to do sth. 想让某人做某事4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. Whats your favorite? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事12. the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式词语辨析：1. how ofte
13、n 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空
14、闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3.How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn
15、t come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡” 。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5.go to bed 强调 “上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡” 。 She was so tired that she
16、 went to sleep soon.6.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.7.percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girl
17、s. Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some child
18、ren are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心：Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具
19、体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词 when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中 time 是可数名词，对它提问用 how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How lon
20、g.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?(一) 重点句型 1.-What do you usually do on weekends? -I often go to the movies. (1) on weekends/on the weekend 在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看电影 (3) 第一个 do 助动词 第二个 do 实意动词2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever 起强调作用。hardly 为副词，意为 “几乎不没有）
21、”，相当于 almost not，本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。 E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和 hard hard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的 ”； hard 作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地 ”。 hardly 意为“几乎不” 3. -How often do you watch TV? -Twice a week. (1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次 ”，用来提问频率。 (2) twice a week 一周两次 拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词+ times t
22、hree times four times 4. Whats your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？ 5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词 why。但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 How come you didnt tell me about it? = Why you didnt tell me about it? 6. I go to the movies maybe once a m
23、onth. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。 maybe 副词，意为 “或许，大概，可能 ”，常位于句首。 E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park. 辨析：maybe 与 may be maybe 副词，作状语，意为 “或许，大概，可能” ，常位于句首。 may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是” 。 7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事8. We all know that many s
24、tudents often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是 90%的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。 (1) other: adj. 其他的 +名词 the other: adj. 其他的+名词(在特定的范围内) one.the other.
25、一个 另一个 E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. 它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是紫色的。 others: 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西( 在特定的范围内) E.g. One of the children likes reading，the others like singing. 后句可替换为 the other students like singing. (2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多 E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most. 9
26、. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。 10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。 the answers to our questions 问题的答案 dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞 key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙 11. Although many students like to wa
27、tch sports, game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。 (1) Its +adj.+to do sth 做某事的E.g. Its very easy to learn Engli
28、sh well. (2) by doing sth. 通过做某事 (3) the best way to do sth. is 做某事的最好方式13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。 stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。 (二)语法知识: 频度副词 1. 频度副词的含义 (1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。 常用的频度副词按高低依次为 always usually sometimes s
29、eldom hadly ever never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用 once，两次用 twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置 (1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后 E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. (2)有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义 some
30、times 常位于句首，和位于句中区别不大。 E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games. often 用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有 quite， very 修饰 E.g.Very often he goes online. Usually 也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。 E.g. Usually my father goes up early. Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。 E.g. Always remember this. 3. 对频度副词提问时，用 how often E.g. -How often do you g
31、o to the movies? -Once a month第三单元短语用法：1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth对某人来说，做某事是 的词语辨析：1. laugh v. n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。W
32、e all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。 /不要高兴得太早。（与 at 连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈
33、大笑。2. though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在 though 引导的从句后使用 but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. (一) 重点
34、句型 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“两者都” ， both 用在含有 be 动词的句中，应放在 be 动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面， (2) bothand表示“两者都” ，both.and 在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
35、The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)拓展：all 表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，every 指三个以上的人或物 (含三个)，each 指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。 as.as 意为“与一样” ，as.as 中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构 not as/so.as 意为“ 不如” 。 E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。 Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆
36、起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isnt as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 注意：(1) 其否定式为 not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. (2) 若有修饰成分，如 twice, three times, half, a quarter 等，则须置于第一个 as 之前。 E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。 3. You can tell that Lisa really
37、wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。 win 此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜” ；win 还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在中获胜” ，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ 辨析：win 与 beat win 表示“赢得；获胜” ，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. beat 表示 “打赢；战胜 ”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。 E.g. Li Lei beat
38、all the runners in the 100-metre race.(2) though 此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而” ，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。 E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didnt, though. 拓展：though 作连词，意为 “虽然；尽管 ”，相当于 although。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. 注意：although/though 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 E.g. Though he has no money,
39、he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily. 4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。 the most important 意为“最重要的” ，是 important 的最高级形式，important 的比较级为more important.形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词 the。 E.g. I think English is the most import
40、ant of all the subjects. The most important thing is to work hard. (2) have fun 意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴” 。 E.g. Its a good place to have fun. 拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣” 。 E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？ 5. truly cares about me. care about 关心，在意 take care 当心 take care of 照顾 6. I think a good
41、friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。 (1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” E.g. His father always makes him get up before five oclock. 拓展：make 的用法： make 加名词 make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到；使处于某种状态 E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy. make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为 E.g. Th
42、e party made her a good teacher. make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被 E.g. I made myself understood by all the students. make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号 to) E.g. Wars make the peace go away. 注意：当 make 用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号 to. E.g. We were made to work all night. I was made to repeat the story. (2) 辨析：laugh
43、 与 smile laugh 一般表示“出声地(大)笑” ，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。 laugh at.意为“嘲笑；因而发笑” 。 E.g. Dont laugh when you have a meal. smile 一般表示“无声地微笑” ，指的是面部表情。 smile at.意为“向微笑” 。 E.g. He smiled at me. 7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too. talented 为形容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的” ，其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in 为固定搭配
44、，表示“在方面有天赋” 。 E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。 The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。 8. Im quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。 (1) serious 为形容词，意为 “严肃的；稳重的” 。 E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class. 拓展： nothing serious 意为“没有什么严重的 ”。 be serious about. 意为“对
45、认真” 。 E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job？9. Thats why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。 Thats why.意为“那就是的原因” ，why 引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。 E.g. Thats why I dont want to leave here. I got up late, and thats why I missed the bus. 10. Im shy so its not easy for m
46、e to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。 “Its+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是的” 。结构中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如 difficult，easy，hard ，important，dangerous，necessary，possible 等。 E.g. Its very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day. Its dangerous for a child to
47、stay at home alone. 11. But I think friends are like booksyou dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 但是我认为朋友就像书一样你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。 as long as 意为 “只要；既然” ，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth. You will get good grades as long as you work hard. 12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。 bring out 意为“使显现；使表现出” 。 E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。 拓展： bring out 还意为 “出版；生产 ”。 E.g. The company is bringing out a new sp
