1、康明斯柴油发动机排气冒黑烟的故障原因排气中的黑烟主要是燃料不完全燃烧的碳粒。因此，燃油供给系统燃料的过量供给，进气系统空气量减少，缸体、缸盖与活塞构成的燃烧室的密封性差，喷油器喷射质量差等因素都会使燃料燃烧不完全，从而使排气冒黑烟。排气冒黑烟主要有以下原因：1高压油泵供油量过大或各缸供油量不均匀2气门密封不严，造成漏气，气缸压缩压力低3空气滤清器进气道阻塞、进气阻力大，使进气量不足4缸套、活塞、活塞环严重磨损5喷油器工作不良6发动机超负荷运转7喷油泵供油提前角过小，燃烧过程后移到排气过程进行8汽油电喷系统控制失效故障等对于冒黑烟的发动机可通过高压油泵调校，喷油器喷射试验检查，气缸压缩压力测量，
2、进气道清洁，供油提前角的调整、汽油电喷系统故障诊断等工作予以检查和排除。康明斯柴油发动机排气冒白烟的故障原因排气中的白烟主要是未充分雾化和燃烧的燃油颗粒或水汽，因此，凡是导致燃油无法雾化或水进入气缸内都会使排气冒白烟。归纳主要有以下原因：1气温低且气缸压力不足，燃油雾化不好，特别是冷起动初期排气冒白烟2缸垫损坏，冷却水渗入气缸内3缸体裂，冷却水渗入气缸内4燃油中含水量大等冷起动时排气冒白烟，发动机暖机后白烟消失应视为正常，若车辆正常运行时仍冒白烟则为故障，应通过观察水箱内冷却水是否不正常消耗，各缸工作是否正常，油水分离器是否水量过多等进行检查和分析，排除故障部位康明斯柴油发动机排气冒蓝烟的故障
3、原因排气中的蓝烟主要是机油过量窜入燃烧室参与燃烧的结果。因此，凡是导致机油窜入燃烧室的原因都会使排气冒蓝烟。归纳主要有以下原因：1活塞环断2油环上回油孔被积碳堵塞，失去刮油作用3活塞环开口转到一起，造成机油从活塞环开口上窜4活塞环磨损严重或被积碳卡滞在环槽内，失去密封作用5气环上下方向装反，把机油刮入气缸内烧掉6活塞环弹力不够，质量不合格7气门导管油封装配不当或老化失效、失去密封作用8活塞、缸筒严重磨损9. 机油加入量过多，使机油飞溅过多，油环来不及刮下缸壁多余的机油等排气冒蓝烟必然伴遂幡巍怼啤笑桅痞兀 油消耗增多，有的驾驶员称“烧机油” 。机油、燃油消耗比一般为 05%0。 8%，机油消耗超
4、过此值时排气中将有蓝烟产生。发动机冒蓝烟的故障，一般要通过发动机解体、检查，才能找出原因并确定排除故障的方案。冷机状态排烟发蓝，但机油消耗正常的，与燃料有关，视为正常。发动机排烟一般应在发动机暖机状态时检查，通过发动机低速、中速、高速及加速过程中排烟颜色的变化进行分析。The reasons for the failure of the Cummins diesel engine exhaust black smokeThe smoke in the exhaust fuel incomplete combustion of carbon particles. Therefore, the e
5、xcess supply of the fuel supply system, fuel, intake air amount reducing the poor sealing of the cylinder block, cylinder head and piston constitute the combustion chamber, injector jet and the poor quality factors will cause the fuel combustion is incomplete, so that the row gas black smoke. Exhaus
6、t black smoke for the following reasons:A. Uneven pressure fuel supply to the excessive or cylinder fuel supplyTwo. Valve sealing leakage, resulting in leakage, low cylinder compression pressure3. Air filter inlet obstruction, resistance of the inlet into the gas4. Cylinder, piston, piston rings sev
7、ere wear5 Injector bad work6. Engine overload7. The fuel injection pump fuel delivery advance angle is too small, the combustion process to the exhaust process8. Gasoline fuel injection system control failure failureThe black smoke of the engine through the high pressure oil pump adjustment, fuel in
8、jector spray test to check the cylinder compression pressure measurement, inlet cleaning, fuel supply advance angle adjustment, gasoline fuel injection system failure diagnostic work to be inspected and excluded.Cummins diesel engine exhaust white smoke cause of the malfunctionOf white smoke in the
9、exhaust is not fully atomization and combustion of fuel particles or water vapor, therefore, all lead to fuel atomization can not or will cause water to enter the cylinder exhaust white smoke. Summarized the following main reasons:A. Low temperatures and cylinder pressure, fuel atomization is not go
10、od, especially the early stages of cold-start exhaust white smokeTwo. The cylinder head gasket is damaged, the cooling water to seep into the cylinder3. The split cylinder, the cooling water to seep into the cylinder4. Fuel moisture content and largeCold start exhaust white smoke, white smoke disapp
11、ears after engine warm-up should be considered normal, if still white smoke in the normal operation of vehicles, compared with failure should be observed cooling water within the tank is not the normal consumption of each cylinder is working normal, whether the oil-water separator too much water for
12、 inspection and analysis, troubleshooting, partsCummins diesel engine exhaust cause of the failure to take LanyanBlue smoke in the exhaust is mainly the result of excessive oil fleeing into the combustion chamber to participate in the burning. Therefore, any reason will cause the oil fleeing into th
13、e combustion chamber exhaust take the blue smoke. Summarized the following main reasons:A. Piston ring brokenTwo. Back hole carbon deposits clogging the oil ring, loss of the scraping action of the oil3. Piston Ring go together, causing oil from the piston ring opening Upward4. Serious or piston rin
14、g wear coke catching in the ring slot, loss of sealing effect5 Up and down direction of the gas ring installed anti-scraping oil into the cylinder within the burned6. Piston ring stretch enough, substandard quality7. Improper assembly of the valve guide seals or aging failure, loss of sealing effect
15、8. Piston and cylinder badly wornOil by adding excessive oil splash too much, the oil ring too late scraped off the cylinder wall, excess oilExhaust take the blue smoke must be accompanied by the then banner Wei hate beer laugh mast ruffian Wu the oil consumption increased, some drivers said that “b
16、urn oil“. Oil, fuel consumption than the average 0.5% to 0.8%, oil consumptionWhen this value is exceeded, the exhaust will be blue smoke generated. Engine, usually through the engine to the disintegration of take Lanyan the fault, check to find out why and determine the troubleshooting program. The status of the cooler smoke is blue, but oil consumption, fuel-related, considered normal.The engine exhaust should generally be in the engine warm-up state inspection, and analyzed by the color change of speed and acceleration processes in the smoke of a low-speed engines, medium speed,
