1、Lesson 14 Sensor Technology,Section I Words and Phrases Section II Text and Translation Section III Exercises and Answers,词,英,汉,答,练,Next,End,Section I Words and Phrases,diversitydai5vE:sitin.差异, 多样性 acquisition 7Akwi5ziFEnn.获得, 获得物 texture 5tekstFEn.质地,肌理,结构 morphology mC:5fClEdVin.生物形态学、形态论, 语法词法、词
2、态学 dynamicsdai5nAmiksn.动力学 vibrationvai5breiFEnn.振动, 颤动, 摇动, 摆动 exploitation 7eksplCi5teiFEnn.开发, 开采 transceiver trAn5si:vEn.无线电收发机, 收发器 ultrasound 5QltrE7saundn.超频率音响,超声波,Topic,Above,Next,End,Section I Words and Phrases,inherent in5hiErEntadj.固有的, 内在的,与生俱来的 integration 7inti5reiFEnn.综合，综合化 optics5C
3、ptiksn.光学 acoustics E5ku:stIksn.声学 fibre 5faibEn.纤维, 构造, 纤维制品 polymer 5pClimEn.聚合体 microscope 5maIkrEskEJpn.显微镜 atom5AtEmn.原子 molecule 5mClikju:l, 5mEu-n.化分子, 些微 multisensory 7mQlti5sensEriadj.多种感觉(并用)的,Topic,Above,Next,End,Section II Text,A sensor is a device，which responds to an input quantity by
4、gener-ating a functionally related output usually in the form of an electrical or optical signal.Sensors and sensor systems perform a diversity of sensing functi-ons allowing the acquisition, capture, communication, processing, and distribution of information about the states of physical systems. Th
5、is may be chemical composition, texture and morphology, large-scale str- ucture, position, and so on. Few products and services of the modern society would be possible without sensors. The sensor value chainSensor technology is distinctly interdisciplinary1. Few organizations have all the competenci
6、es necessary for the realization of a sensor solution in-house.The realization of a sensor product requires tasks to be completed, ranging all the way from product definition to final product and subseq-uent marketing and service. The diagram shows this value chain of sen-sor development and the mai
7、n application areas.,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II Text,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II Text,Wireless sensor technologyFor applications within health care2, industrial automation, cons-umer products3, and security there is a strong and growing need for wireless, self-powered4 sensors. Radio fr
8、equency identification technol-ogy (RFID)5 is an example of an emerging application with great poten-tial. Sensors with wireless connections and no internal power supply are anticipated to become of great importance in areas like health care, consumer products, and structural health monitoring，Energ
9、y tapping6 , i.e.The figure illustrates a sensor field where a large number of co-nnected sensor nodes are embedded. Each node will consist of a wirel-ess sensor often without any internal power supply. The sensor interac-ts with a transceiver which is again connected to an infrastructure, pos-sibly
10、 to a so-called sink. The collection of data may be controlled by a managing device.,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II Text,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II Text,Biometric sensorsThis is another area where some markets are expected to exhibit strong growth over the next years. Fingerprint identific
11、ation7 equipment and iris scanners8 are examples of such markets that are spurred by the increasing demand within security.Non-invasive9 & non-contact sensors10An increasing number of applications call for noncontact sensing. Light and sound play important roles both independently and combined. Here
12、, combinations of ultrasound and light are expected to become im-portant in order to overcome the limitations inherent when using either light or sound independently.Miniaturization11 and integration12Sensors are often used in large production plants. However, on-line sensing often has to be done in
13、 areas with limited space. Hostile envir-onments require robust sensors and robustness may be obtained by miniaturization and integration. In optics, this may imply new system and fibre optics. In acoustics, new non-contact methods for excitation are being devised.,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II
14、Text,Novel materials13New materials are needed if a number of very different functional requirem- ents are to be fulfilled at sufficiently low cost. It may be systems combining mic-rofluidics with light generation and detection. Polymers are anticipated to play an increasingly larger role, both due
15、to potential low cost and due to great flexi-bility in functional properties. Recent development of advanced microscopes has made it possible to see and even move single atoms and molecules. This opens opportunities for creating entirely new materials and processes. The tec-hnology has become known
16、as nanotechnology14 and currently receives a lot of attention.Not many companies have thus far reached the stage of commercialization, but intense research is in progress and expectations are very high.Sensor fusion and sensor networksComplex systems will often be monitored by a number of very diffe
17、rent types of sensors. X-ray can reveal properties of weldings on-line, optics can detect chemical composition and macroscopic dynamics, whereas ultrasound may provide information about the inner structures of systems.Sensor fusion is combining such multisensory information in order to obta-in new f
18、unctionality.Moreover, systems with a large number of low-cost sensors coupled in networks are becoming increasingly important.,Topic,Above,Next,End,汉,Section II Translation,传感器是一种能够接受外界的输入量，并将其转换成电或光输出信号的装置。传感器和传感器系统能执行各种各样的检测功能，并能够采集，获取，传递，处理和分配物理系统的状态信息。这些可能是化学成份，晶体结构和构造，大型结构，位置等等。现代社会几乎没有一种产品和设备
19、不用到传感器。传感器的价值链传感器技术在各学科间有明显的区别。很少有构件完全有能力内部实现的传感器的功能。传感器产品的实现需要完成一些任务，这些任务涉及到从产品的确定到生成成品以及随后的销售和服务。图表显示的就是传感器开发的价值链及其主要的应用领域。,Topic,Above,Next,End,英,Section II Translation,无线传感技术卫生保健、工业自动化、消费品和安全等领域，对无线、自给供电的传感器的需求不断增长。射频识别技术便是一个实例，并显示了其巨大的应用潜力。无线连接和没有内部电源的传感器将在卫生保健、消费品和能源发掘等领域发挥重要的作。图中所示的是一个传感器现场，其
20、中包含了大量的传感器连接节点。每一个节点都由无线传感器构成，通常不含内部电源。这些传感器与无线收发器相连接，再与其下属元器件相联，有可能是与一个所谓的接收器相连。数据的收集是由管理系统控制。,Topic,Above,Next,End,英,Section II Translation,生物传感器这是又一个领域，这个领域的市场有望在随后的几年中呈现很强的增长势头。比如指纹识别装置和虹膜扫描设备便是由于人们不断提高的安全方面的需求而发展起来的。非插入式传感器和非接触式传感器越来越多的科学应用要求使用非接触式传感器。光和声音正在这个领域独立或共同发挥着很重要的作用。在此，为了克服光或声音单独使用时固有
21、的局限性，超声波和光的组合运用正变得越来越重要。小型化和集成化在大型的生产车间经常要用到传感器。然而在线检测却只能在有限的空间使用。恶劣的环境需要优质的传感器，而其优良的性能可以通过小型化和集成化来获得。在光学方面，这意味着新的系统和光纤的使用。在声学方面，正在研发新的非接触式声激励装置。,Topic,Above,Next,End,英,Section II Translation,新型材料如果要以足够低的成本实现大量完全不同的功能，就要用到新型的材料。它可能是一些这样的系统，结合使用了光生成和探测技术的微流控技术。高分子聚合物将在这个领域扮演越来越重要的角色，不仅是因为它成本低，还由于它功能上
22、具有很高的柔韧性。新近发展的先进的显微镜已经能够看到甚至利用它可以移动单个的原子和分子。这就为人们创造全新的材料和加工工艺提供了机遇。这就是人们通常所说的纳米技术，并且目前已受到了广泛的关注。能够将这一领域的发展达到工业化程度的公司还不多，很多都只是在进行积极的研究工作，并寄予着很高的期望。传感器整合和传感器网络复杂的系统经常是用大量不同类型的传感器进行监控。比如X光就可以在线显示焊接的质量，光可观测化学合成和宏观动力学，而超声波能提供反映系统内部构造的信息。传感器整合技术是结合了多个检测信息以获得新的功能。此外，与网络连接的使用了大量低成本的传感器系统也变得越来越重要。,Topic,Abov
23、e,Next,End,英,Section III Exercises,I. Match the items listed in the following two columns1. 指纹识别 a. fingerprint identification2. 卫生保健 b. macroscopic3. 消费品 c. ultrasonic4. 能源开发 d. health care5. 纳米技术 e. energy tapping 6. 超声波 f. nanotechnology technology7. 宏观的 g. microscopic8. 微观的 h. consumer product,T
24、opic,Above,Next,End,答,Section III Exercises,IITranslate the following paragraph into EnglishA biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte(分析物) that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector co-mponent. A canary（金丝雀）in a cage, as used by miners to warn of gas could be
25、considered a biosensor. Many of todays biosensor applications are similar, in that they use organisms which respond to toxic substances at a much lower level than us to warn us of their presence. Such devices can be used both in environmental mon-itoring and in water treatment facilities.,Topic,Abov
26、e,Next,End,答,The most widespread example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose（葡萄糖）biosensor, which uses an enzyme（酶）to break blood glucose down. In doing so it transfers an electron to an electrode and this is converted into a measure of blood glucose concentration.,Section III Exercises,I
27、ITranslate the following paragraph into English,Section III Answers,I. 1.a, 2.d, 3.h, 4.e, 5.f, 6.c, 7.b, 8.gII. 生物传感器是用一个结合了生物成份的物理化学检测器，用于检测分析物。比如，一只笼中的金丝雀，矿工们用它来警告有毒气体，这就好比是一个生物传感器。现在，许多生物传感器的应用都是相似的，它运用了能对比人体所能感觉到的更低水平的毒气产生反应的生物有机体作传感器，来警告人们毒气的存在。这种设备能用于环境监测，也能用于水处理装置。用得最广泛的是血糖生物传感器，它利用生物酶分解血液中的
28、葡萄糖。将分解过程中产生的电子传递到电极上，再将其转换成血糖浓度的测量量。,Topic,Above,Next,End,Return,Appendix,interdisciplinary:各学科间的 health care:卫生保健 consumer product:消费品 self-powered:自供电的 RDID：射频识别技术 energy tapping:能源开发 fingerprint identification:指纹识别 iris scanner:虹膜扫描仪 non-invasive:非插入式 non-contact:非接触式 miniaturization:小型化 integration:集成化 novel Material:新型材料 nanotechnology:纳米,Topic,Above,End,Return,
