1、1冠词的用法冠词是一种虚词,是最典型的限定词,本身不能单独使用,只能附在一个名词上帮助说明名词的含义。是名词的一种标志。英语中的冠词有定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a 、an 两种:a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an 用于元音音素开头的词前。不定冠词仅用在可数名词单数前。用来表示“”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者。表示“这,这些,那,那些”的意思,在可数名词单,复数前和不可数名词前都可以用。1. 不定冠词的基本用法(1)不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种:a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an 用于元音音素开头的词前例如:a boy, a city, a girl,
2、 a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant(2)不定冠词含有“”的意思,但数量观念没有 one 强烈,在句子里边一般可以不必译出,但若有“一个”的意思则译出, I will back in an hour. A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(3)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。A bird can fly.A student must love his teachers.2(4) 表单位
3、时间内的频度有“每”的意思,Take the medicine three times a day.(5)用在某些固定词组中。例如:a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little a lot of, a number, in a hurry, a cup of, have a rest, have a fever, have a good time(6)不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。如:There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重(7)用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”She has
4、 a second child.2. 定冠词的用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 如:The book on the desk is mine.Show me the photo of the boy, please.(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。 例如:Open the door, please. 请开门。Did you see the boy? 你看见那个男孩了吗?Whats the new teachers name? 新老师的名字叫什么?(3)指上文提到的人或事物。例如:He lives on a farm. The farm is not big. 他住在农场,这农场不大。Th
5、ere are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely. 这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。3(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。例如:Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧!一轮红日正在升起。(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。(6)用在用普通名词构成的党派,国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、
6、海湾等专有名词前。例如:They will visit the Great Wall next week.They came to the United States of America last year.The Communist Party of China was founded on July 1st, 1921.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(7)用在形容词前表示一类人,the +形容词指的是一群人,是一种复数含义,所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如:The old are sick.(8)用在姓名复数形式
7、前表示一家人。例如:The Smiths have moved to London.(9)用在某些习惯用语中。例如:in the morning, on the left, the day before yesterday, all the same, by the way, all the year around, at the same time, in the 41980s(1980s)3、不用冠词的情况(1)星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。例如:All of us like the spring festival. 我们喜欢春节。Its Sunday
8、 today. 今天是星期天。He was born on June 12, 1999. 他出生于 1999 年 6 月 12 日。Today is Fathers Day. 今天是父亲节。If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词 during, through 时与表示一段特定的时间,则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:She came to Shanghai in the spring of 1987.她是一九八七年春天来上海的。The school was completed in
9、 the September of 2000.这学校是 2000 年 9 月落成的。He swims every day during the summer. 他夏天的每一天都游泳。虽不特指某一年的季节,但说话人把某季节看作一年的一部分,5即一年的某一段时间。则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:We play football in the winter.(2)在称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词作补语或同位语前。例如:Mr. Li is our headmaster. 李先生是我们的校长。After lunch Aunt Huang came in. 午饭后黄阿姨来了。We elected him pre
10、sident of the company.(3)各词复数表示一类人或事物时。但若各词复数被一个限制性定语修饰,则要加定冠词 the. 例如:I like cakes very much. 我非常喜欢蛋糕。My father and mother are the doctors in Peoples Hospital of Shanghai.We are students.(4)在三餐饭,球类运动与棋类游戏,学科名称的名词前。但若表示某一种或某一个特定的概念时用冠词。例如:He had supper with us yesterday. Its a very good supper.他昨天和我
11、们吃晚饭,这是一顿丰盛的晚餐。My brother likes to play football. 我兄弟喜欢踢足球。Lets go and watch them play chess. 让我们去看他们下棋。(5)在物质名词,抽象名词,人名,地名等专有名词和不可数名词前. 但若不可数各词有其它限制词修饰时,则要加定冠词 the. 6例如: Smith is our teacher. 史密思是我们的老师。Milk is good for us. 牛奶对我们有好处。The water in the pool is very dirty. 坑里的水很脏。 (6)名词前已有作定语的 this、that
12、、my、your、some、any、等限定词时。例如: Come this way, please. Ive some question to ask you. My brother is a student.(7)用于表示运输,通讯等方式时如:By ship (air, plane, bus)但 by bus in the bus-in a bus-in buses-in the busesBy bike-on a bike-on the bike- on the bikesBy hand-with ones hand(8)某些固定的词组里,名词前常不用冠词。如:at night, at h
13、ome, go to bed, on foot, from morning till night(9)在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意。 at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里by sea 乘船(由海路) by the sea 在海边go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边in future 从今以后,将来 in the future 未来on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上,在世上go to school 上学 G
14、o to the school 到学校去in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of 在(内部的)前面on horseback 骑着马 on the horseback 在马背上take place 发生 take the place of代替two of us 我们当中的两人 the two of us 我们两人(共计两人)out of question 毫无疑问,一定 out of the question不可能7on the whole = in general大体上,一般地 as a whole = altogether全部地,整体A most import
15、ant meeting一个重要的会议 The most important meeting最重要的会议A third time 又一次 the third time 第三次at a distance 稍远一些 in the distance 在远处A number of 许多 the number of 的数目for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 目前,暂时be in charge of 负责 be in the charge of负责,在掌管之下by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算in possession of拥有 in the possessio
16、n of为所有in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替 in the place of 在的地方be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告He is still in office.他仍在执政 He is still in the office.他仍在办公室里练习I.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划。 1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful b
17、ookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Lets go out for _ walk 86Its too hotOpen _ door,please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river
18、in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time? 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 14 _ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper 15After I had _ quick breakfast,I hurried to sc
19、hool 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat? 17They went to _ Peoples Park,but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday 18I often watch _ TV in _ evening 19 _ day of _ December 20,1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I 9went to choose _ Christmas
20、tree today 21I think _ maths is more important than any other subject 22He often goes to _ school by _ bike 23What does this _ word mean, _ Father? 24What _ important news! II.选择填空。 1Does Jim have _ ruler? Yes,he has _ Aan;some Ba;one Ca; Dany;one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ;The
21、 Bthe;An Ca;The Dthe;The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have? I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa;an Ba;one Cone;an Done;one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _ tiger is _ China AThe;a BA;the CThe;from DThe;the 107We cant see
22、_ sun at _ night Athe;the Bthe; Ca; D; 8 _ useful book it is! AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa;an;the Ba;a;the Can;an;an Dthe;a;a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn;an;a BThe; an CThe;a DThe;t
23、he 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA;a BThe;the CA;the DThe;a 12 _ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe;a BA; CA;the DAn;the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA;an BThe;a CThe;the DA;the 14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer 11Aa;
24、a Ba;the C;a Da; 15They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ? Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school? A; B;the Cthe; Da; 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Au
25、stralia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa;The Ban;The Can;A Dthe;The 22This is _ appleIts _ big apple Aan;a Ba;the Ca;an Dan;the 23Look at _ horse over there Aa Ban Cthe D 24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerous 12Aa Ban C Dthe 25There is _ ol
26、d woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa;a Bthe;the C;the Da;the 27Shanghai is in _ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half years Aa Ban Cthe D 29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa;the Ban;th
27、e Ca; Dan; 30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus Aan; Ban;a Ca; D;13答案与详解 I1a;an;the 2a;an。第一个空的 a 是泛指,第二个空的 an 是指“一小时” 。 3An;a。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。 4The;the;a。前两个空都是特指,故填 the;后一个空中的 a相当于 every 或 each,three times a day 意为“一天三次” 。 5a。go out for a walk 意为“出去散步” 。 6th
28、e 7a;The。前者泛指,后者特指。 8The;the。第一个空用 the 表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个空用 the 是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 149The;the,。第一空用 the 是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空用 the 是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 10a。a second time 意为“再一次” 、 “另一次” 。the second time 意为“第二次” 。此句填 a 是表示动作的重复,而不能用the(表顺序) 。 11the;the。第一个 the 是特指美国的首都。第二个 the 是在由普通
29、名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12The。 “the 姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人” 。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加 the。 13the;。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14The a;。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故用 a。 16;。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”前两个空也可填定冠词,意为:“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?” 17the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加 the。 18;the。TV 前不加冠词。 “早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19The;。第一空
30、是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20 ;a21。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 1522;。go to school 上学。by bike 骑自行车。 23;。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24 。注意 news 是不可数名词,故不能加 a。 II 1B。第一空是泛指;第二空的 one 是不定代词,用以替代前面的ruler。 2A 3C。这是一句谚语,意思是“一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。 ” 4C。one 强调数量,用以回答“Howmany ?”问句;第二个空是泛指,故用 an。 5A。one 虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素w开头,故填 a。 6C。此句意为:“这只老虎来自中国。 ” 7B。在“太阳、
31、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词 the;at night“在夜晚” ,注意该短语中没有冠词。 8C 9A。 “s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素e开头,故填 an。 10D。第一个空填 the,是特指那个“白发老太太” ;第二个空不填冠词,是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English 后面如有language,就得说 the English language。 “在会议上”应为 at the meeting。 11B。the Great Wall 长城。 12C。第一个空是泛指,用 a;第二个空是河流名称,故用 the。 1613B。第一个空:“那边的那个妇女” ,是特指;第二个空是指那个
32、妇女的身份、职业,是泛指。 14D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用“零冠词”是因为 turn 后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。 15D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词” 。 16B17A 18A。after school 放学以后。 19D。the day before yesterday 前天。 20B21B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。 22A。两个空都是泛指。 23C 24C 25D 26D 27D。in the east of 在某地区(内)的东部。 28A。two and a half years 也可说成 two years and a half,意思都是“两年半” 。 29D 30A 。half an hour 半小时,by bus 乘公共汽车。