1、商务翻译实务,袁 洪 王济华 主 编 钱立武 赵继荣 副主编,第十六单元 商务文摘翻译,商务文摘翻译,本章概要,在全球经济一体化的背景下，商务英语在国际经济交流中发挥着越来越重要的作用。信息时代中掌握国际经济与商务活动的有关信息成为企业经营的重要部分。阅读经济商务类的读物文摘也变成人们日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。人们不仅关注国内的商业读物，对国际上一些知名的报刊杂志也相当关注，特别是欧美地区的一些经济读物，例如商业周刊（Business Week）、金融时报（Financial Times）、财富（Fortune）、华尔街日报（The Wall Street Journal）、纽约时报（New
2、 York Times）、时代（The Time）等。商务类报刊有别于普通类报刊文摘，具有其独特的语言特点和写作风格。在翻译商务文摘之前，有必要对商务报刊文章的语言特点作进一步了解，掌握相关的专业知识，以便在翻译过程中更好地理解和把握原文的风格，做到用词专业，表达准确。本单元主要讲述商务文摘的语言特征和翻译技巧。,商务文摘翻译,本章重点,1. 商务文摘的语言特点； 2. 商务文摘的翻译技巧； 3. 商务翻译技巧之语态翻译。,本章难点,商务翻译中的语态转换。, PART ONE 认识商务文摘及商务文摘翻译,Task I 阅读下面三个文摘段落，体会并讨论商务报刊文摘的语言特点 。,1. Durin
3、g the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of develo
4、ping countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation, transport and communications.,2. Asia definitely has the most potential of any region in the memorabilia market. Precise figures for the size of the global market for mem
5、orabilia-a rough term that includes autographs and artifacts from historical figures to modern celebrities, and whose buyers range from serious fans to even more serious investors-are tough to come by. Insiders estimate around $50 million changes hands annually, depending on what comes to market, wi
6、th so-called blue chip pieces-items connected to global icons like Madonna or Charlie Chaplin, or historically important figures like Winston Churchill-boosting sales in any given year.,3. In Asia, the market for memorabilia lags far behind that of the West, according to most in the industry. While
7、in recent months wealthy Asian buyers have bid record sums to capture rare wines, prized art, sought-after stamps and more, the regions memorabilia market has yet to make the same sort of impact. The Asian outposts of major auction houses Sothebys, Christies and Bonhams have no specialists on memora
8、bilia in the region and refer questions on the market to their London, New York or Los Angeles offices.,商务文摘,商务人士阅读报刊的目的是寻求信息，寻找商机。商务文摘具有信息性，即为读者提供一定的商务信息，可能包括投资信息、理财信息、行业动态信息等方面，这些信息必须与时俱进，贴近现实，往往包含一定的专业知识。如上例中“Asia definitely has the most potential of any region in the memorabilia market”告诉人们亚洲纪念品
9、市场大有可为，潜力巨大，商机无限，某些从事纪念品行业的商人可能见机行事，捕捉商机。, PART TWO 热身练习,1. There is increasing Chinese interest in investing in the US and elsewhere.,Task I 请翻译下列商务文摘。,译文：中国对美国及其他国家投资的兴趣与日俱增。,2. It is estimated that over 3,000 companies (including non-technology companies) have received venture capital at some poi
10、nt in their development over the past two decades.,译文：据估计，过去20年中，有3,000多家公司（包括非技术公司）在其发展的某个阶段曾获得过风险资本。,3. On January 1, 2002, twelve countries in Europe woke up to a brand new currency and over the following two months would see their national currencies phased out forever. In the most ambitious cur
11、rency change the world has ever seen, more than 14.5 billion notes and 56 billion coins were distributed around the 12 participating countries and major public awareness campaigns were undertaken to ensure that the transition runs as smoothly as possible.,译文：2002年1月1日，欧洲12国共同启动了一种全新的货币，并将在以后两个月内逐步取消
12、各国原有的货币。在这个雄心勃勃的前所未有的货币改革行动中，超过145亿的纸币和560亿的硬币在这12个国家发行。为了使这一巨大变革得以顺利进行，各地举行了大规模的宣传活动。,4. Chinas gross domestic product (GDP) will grow about 9 percent next year, but the economy will be challenged by rising labor costs, liquidity problems and difficulty in sustaining rapid growth in the long run, a
13、 senior researcher at the countrys top think-tank said Saturday.,译文：中国高层智囊团的高级研究员周六表示，中国明年GDP增幅大约为9%，但中国经济面临劳动成本增长、流动资金问题和难以保持长期快速发展等挑战。,5. A well-known Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist has pledged to donate his entire fortune to charity after his death, becoming the first in China to respond
14、 to the campaign launched in the US by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, who will soon visit China to advocate philanthropy.,译文：一位中国著名企业家和慈善家（陈光标）已承诺“裸捐”，成为中国第一位响应比尔盖茨和沃伦巴菲特慈善捐助活动的富豪，他们将于不久后来华宣传慈善。, PART THREE 商务文摘翻译技巧,1. 阅读下列句子，讨论斜体词汇的特点。(1) Fast food still represents a $102 billion a year industry, b
15、ut growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say.,Task I 阅读下列报刊文摘并讨论其语言特点。,(2) International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991. The Seven major
16、industrial countries（the G-7）experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 percent in 1990 to 1.9 percent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in Continental Europe and Japan.(3) Many auto dealers in China are sufferin
17、g from financing problems and some might be in danger of bankruptcy this year, according to a recent survey of dealers across the country. A majority of dealers were unprofitable in 2008 with about 60 percent in the red, said the survey by Lianxin, an independent research company. It polled 1,252 de
18、alers of 21 domestic and foreign brands.,解析：,报刊文摘在词汇使用上的最大特点是对专业词汇的精确使用，包括商务术语和大量的缩略语，这些专业词汇需要通过专业学习才能掌握。例如，World Bank世界银行，hard currency 硬通货等。有些术语在不同的语境或不同的搭配中理解不同，因此要翻译成不同的汉语词汇。如surplus一词，在trade surplus中可译为“贸易顺差”，而在surplus value中则译为“剩余价值”；有些术语翻译成中文可能都是同一个汉字，但是具有特别的专业意义，如tax, tariff和duty, 译成中文都是“税”，
19、但具体来说他们分别指“工商统一税”、“对进出口商品征收关税”和“进口税”。只有仔细分析上下文搭配，勤查专业词典，多掌握相关领域的知识，才能准确翻译这些商务术语 。,译文：,（1）分析人士说，快餐每年产业规模为1 020亿美元，但最近其增长速度放缓了，这是由于同食品零售店的竞争更加激烈，也由于人民更加富裕，愿意尝试新东西，愿意多花一些钱。 （2）1991年，在发展中国家增长恶化的国际形势下，七个主要工业国的国内生产总值急剧下滑，从1990年的2.8%下降到1991年的1.9%，加拿大、美国、英国陷入了萧条，欧洲大陆和日本增长率也减缓了。 （3）根据最近对全国汽车经销商的调查显示，多数面临财务困境
20、，今年甚至有可能破产。一家独立调查公司联新公司说，该公司对21个国内外品牌的1,252个汽车经销商进行了调查。2008年，大多数汽车经销商没有盈利，约60%处于亏损状况。,2. 阅读下列句子，讨论斜体词汇的特点。 (1) It is reported that the unemployment rate in this country has reached 7 percent. (2) Of course, global sales do not mean global brands, as many enterprise leaders point out. (3) “I believe
21、that as this century unfolds and people look back on this day, they will conclude that in admitting China to the WTO we took a decisive step in strengthening the global economic trading system,” U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick told the meeting.,(4) The survey also showed only 17.3 percent
22、of dealers were “satisfied” or “relatively satisfied” with their fiscal capability. Over 70 percent said they had used private financing with a higher interest rate. (5) Scientists think it will be possible to record peoples dreams and then interpret them, according to a new report. They claim to ha
23、ve developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity. (6) The US recession has driven bosses and their employees closer together and only 30 percent of employees want their bosses stressful job, recruitment firm Adecco Staffing US found in a poll tied to National Boss Day in
24、 mid-October. But the survey found that some people are willing to go to greater lengths to keep their jobs in a tough market.,解析 ：,商务报刊文摘文体形式多种多样，包括新闻述评、评论、报道、特写等，因此，常具有一般新闻文体的特点。英文商务报刊文章在词汇方面另一个特点是新闻报道用语的使用，以凸显报刊内容的真实性和客观性。如 It is reported that（据报道）、according to（根据）、aspoint out（正如指出）、sb. says（说）等；
25、另外，报刊还往往引用权威数据或者权威人士的说法证明其观点，因而广泛使用新闻报导用语。,译文 ：,（1）据报道，该国的失业率已经达到百分之七。 （2）当然，正如许多企业领导指出，全球销售并不意味着全球品牌。 （3）美国贸易代表罗伯特佐利克对与会者说：“我相信随着新世纪时间的推移，当人们回顾今天的时候，他们一定会认为允许中国加入世贸组织是加强全球经济贸易体系的一个关键性的举措。”,（4）调查显示，17.3%的汽车经销商对他们的财务状况“满意”或者“比较满意”，超过70%说他们利用了利息更高的私人融资方式。 （5）根据一项新的报告，科学家们认为未来将有可能记录下人类的梦境并加以解释。他们称已经发明了
26、一套可以记录大脑高级活动的系统。 （6）人才服务公司德科集团美国分部在一项民意调查中发现，美国的经济衰退拉近了老板和雇员之间的关系，只有30%的员工希望能得到老板那颇具压力的职务。这一调查与10月中旬的“全国老板日”有关。然而，调查也发现，在市场形势严峻的情况下，有些人愿意更加努力，以求保住自己的工作。,(1) “Funemployment” describes the enjoyment had while on an unforeseen break from work and “PIIGS” is an acronym for Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Gree
27、ce and Spain, the countries most at risk from the European sovereign debt crisis. (China Daily, October 29, 2010) (2) “Broken society” or “social recession” describes the perceived erosion of moral values while “ghost estate”, an unfinished housing development abandoned due to the downturn, is now i
28、n the dictionary. (China Daily, October 29, 2010) (3) One of the highlights of the proposed changes to Chinese Advertisement Law includes making celebrity spokespersons more responsible for the endorsement deals they take on. These changes were made to strengthen controls over celebrity endorsements
29、 and advertising. (China Daily, October 10, 2010),3. 阅读下列句子，分析斜体单词的词汇特征。,解析 ：,报刊文摘属于新闻语体，它必须紧跟时代脉搏，与时俱进。由于网络技术的迅猛发展，网络新词层出不穷，译者需要经常了解新词新语的含义，才能准确翻译。比如“ghost estate”这里按字面意义翻译成“鬼宅”，实事上也可以根据语境，特别类似中文的“烂尾楼”，如果是一片地方或者一个小城市，可以翻译成“鬼城”。2010年4月2日，东北新闻网以“康巴什，50亿元建成的内蒙古鬼城”为标题报道了“鬼城”的有关情况。,译文 ：,（1）“失业乐活”用于形容在意外
30、失业之后因享受空闲而感到的快乐。“欧猪五国”则是首字母合成词，指欧洲主权债务危机最严重的葡萄牙、意大利、爱尔兰、希腊和西班牙五国的。 （2）“破裂社会”或“社会衰退”，描述的是人们可以察觉到的道德价值观败坏的状况。“鬼宅”一词也进入了词典，它指的是因经济衰退而停工的未建成的住宅区。 （3）中国广告法修订建议的重点之一就是要让明星代言人要对他们所代言的产品担负更多的责任。这些修订是为了加强对名人代言和名人广告的管控。,4. 阅读下列句子，注意从时态、语态分析其特点，注意对斜体部分进行用法分析。 (1) In the Special Economic Zones，which are being b
31、uilt almost from scratch，foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country，for example，production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates. (2) Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest
32、 rates a positive development for many developing countries it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in commodity prices and to a slackening，to 3 percent，in the growth of world trade.,(3) With average annual growth in America being some 7.5 percentage points lower during the 2000s, then assum
33、ing that this will continue and that the real exchange rate of the yuan will appreciate by 3 percent per year on the average (quite reasonable)，then it will only take 11 years before the Chinese economy becomes bigger, meaning that by 2020, Chinas economy will be the biggest in the world. (4) More g
34、oods were needed to be produced so more jobs and profits were created. (5) A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology, was signed in Feb 1978.,解析 ：,商务报刊文摘中，简单句和复合句常常交错使用，并伴有大量的介词短语，插入语，同位语等，使语句结构更严密，细节更突出，特别是在新闻报道文体中，插
35、入语的使用可对报道事件进行补充说明，为读者提供更多的背景资料。例如：本题各句中的斜体部分就属于插入语。另外，从时态看，商务文摘多用现在时或者将来时，对过去事件的描述也采用一般过去时；从语态来看，商务文摘常用被动语态。,译文 ：,（1）在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。 （2）尽管美国疲软的需求导致了短期美元利率急剧下跌，但对于发展中国家的发展是积极的，它也导致商品价格约下跌了6，世界贸易增长率下跌了3。,（3）由于在21世纪的头10年，（与中国相比）美国经济年平均增长率低了大约7.5个百分点，假设这一
36、趋势继续下去，且人民币汇率年均升值3%（这是相当合理的），那么只需11年时间，中国经济就会变得比美国更强大，这意味着到2020年，中国将成为第一大经济体。 （4）需要生产更多的产品以创造更多的就业机会和利润。 （5）1978年2月中国与日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据该协定，中国向日本出口煤和石油以换取工业设备和技术。,Task II 阅读下列商务报刊文章的标题并翻译，讨论其翻译技巧。,1. The Curtain Goes Up Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline 2. Recession Drives Boss
37、es and Workers Closer (China Daily, October 13, 2010) 3. Hong Kong is Tops at Cracking U.S. Shell Eggs 4. The Comeback of International Barter 5. Economic Troubles Cloud New Markets Future,6. NEET Generation (The Guardian, Nov. 2, 2004) 7. West Point Makes a Comeback (Time, April. 18, 2005 8. Gearin
38、g up for Milan (China Daily, October 29, 2010) 9. The Logic of Empire (The Guardian, August 6，2002) 10. Women are Better Managers in Most Areas (Reuters, May 5, 2008),解析 ：,商务文摘标题往往三言两语，简明扼要地阐明文章的内容。翻译时不能片面地仅仅忠实于标题，而往往需要联系文摘全文内容，通盘考虑，灵活进行处理。就翻译方法而言，第15小题采用直译法，第67小题采用意译法，第89小题采用增译法，第10题采用套译法，同时也采用了增译法
39、。,译文：,1. 卷起竹幕中国政府允许外商在其沿海投资 2. 经济衰退让老板和员工走得更近 3. 香港是美国蛋类出口的最大市场 4. 国际易货贸易的复苏 5. 经济困境笼罩着新市场前景,6.“三不”一代（NEET是指people not in education，employment or training的首字母缩写，指的是一群“不上学，不工作，也不参加培训的年轻人”。文章讨论了目前在日本和英国的年轻人中存在的NEET现象并探讨这种现象的社会根源。首字母缩写不仅使文章标题显得简洁，而且因为是作者新造词，很容易引起读者的兴趣。） 7. 西点军校东山再起（题目翻译必须具有吸引力，否则读者不会继续
40、阅读文摘内容，这里的comeback不能简单翻译成“回来”，而应该是“东山再起，重塑雄风”的意思。）,8. 世博即将谢幕 下一站米兰（gear up原意为“加速驶向某地”的意思，这里是指上海世博会即将结束，米兰即将做好准备，所以翻译成“下一站米兰”，如果仅仅这样翻译而不提供任何背景信息，读者可能以为是“体育比赛的下一站”，这里增加了背景知识“世博即将谢幕”，使标题意义非常明确。）,9. 山姆大叔的帝国逻辑（该文摘一开始就尖锐地指出“布什因为一个国家蔑视国际法就对其发动战争的逻辑有点可笑。布什自上台以来，美国政府撕毁的国际条约和违背的联合国协议比世界上其他国家过去20年内的总和还多。”原标题用“
41、empire”来暗指美国是因为911后西方世界已越来越多地将美国与曾在公元前辉煌一时、因穷兵黩武遭人怨恨、最后衰落垮台的古罗马帝国相比，认为美国是21世纪的罗马帝国。如果直译为“帝国的逻辑”易使中国读者联想到一切西方帝国主义，但冠以“山姆大叔”则使译文标题与原标题一样立场鲜明，并不乏调侃。（郎芳，2009）,10. 巾帼不让须眉 女性领导能力优于男性（本标题翻译如果按照字面含义翻译，“女性领导力优于男性”就可以了，但是为了增强标题的吸引力，翻译时套用了汉语习语“巾帼不让须眉”，使其标题及全文含义跃然纸上。）,Task III 试译下列商务文摘的句子，注意斜体词汇在不同语篇中的不同含义。,1.
42、原文：1.There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments, but the size of the visible trade surplus during 2005-2010 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.译文：目前还没有关于国际收支的无
43、形贸易项目官方统计资料，但是20052010年间的有形贸易顺差规模以及公布的旅游收益增加表明，在过去的几年中经常项目一直是顺差。,2. 原文：When the debt is cleared as it must be by the time the customer retires and the account goes into credit, it will attract interest at about 5 percent.译文：顾客退休时，必须结清欠款，随后账户可转为信用贷款，收取约百分之五的利息。,3. 原文：Analysts said that the tight mone
44、tary policy put in place at the end of last year has brought about great difficulties for many firms, especially private ones. Thousands of small and medium enterprises have gone bankrupt in the coastal areas as they could hardly get loans from banks, reports said. Fast appreciating yuan value, risi
45、ng cost of labor and raw materials are also key reasons for the situation.译文：分析人士说，去年年底实施的货币紧缩政策使许多公司尤其是私营公司陷入困境。有报告指出，沿海地区成千上万的中小企业由于难以从银行获得贷款而倒闭了。人民币快速升值，劳动力和原材料成本上涨也是造成这种局面的主要原因。,4.原文：Advertising serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a f
46、irm home market so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 译文：广告直接有助于把货物以合理的价格分销出去，因此可以使公司建立一个稳定的国内市场，同时也使公司有可能以具有竞争力的价格出口产品。,解析 ：,只有把词汇放入一定的语境中才能确定其具体、准确的含义。报刊文摘翻译中，语境至关重要，如account可以表示“项目、账目”等，firm可以表示“公司、稳固、稳定”等，这需要根据语境来确定具体含义。,Task IV 商务文摘翻译技巧：翻译下列段落，并注意斜体句子，总结商务文摘翻译技巧。,Tr
47、ade Barriers A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad
48、only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict imports. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs. Quotas A quota is a quantitative restriction that is expressed in terms of either physical quantity or value. For example
49、, a quota states that no more than 50, 000 Class A widgets that may be imported from Europe each year is a restriction stated in terms of physical quantity. Meanwhile, a quota that restricts the importation of a certain type of Japanese glassware to no more than $ 1 million worth a year is stated in
50、 terms of value.,Tariffs A tariff is a duty or fee levied on goods being imported into the country. These tariffs can be of two types: revenue and protective. A revenue tariff is designed to raise money for the government. These tariffs are usually low, often amounting to less than twenty-five cents
51、 per item or pound. A protective tariff is designed to discourage foreign businesses from shipping certain goods into the country. The basic reason for a protective tariff is to keep out goods that will undersell products made in the home country. For this reason, protective tariffs are often very high, thereby forcing the foreign business to raise its prices to cover the tariff.,
