1、初中英语知识点总结 第 1 页 共 4 页初中英语知识点总结：现在完成时（1）现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响（或结果） ，这个动作或状态可能已经结束，也可能还要持续下去。其构成形式是： have/ has + 动词过去分词否定句在 have/ has 后加 nothavent/ hasnt疑问句要将 have/ has 放到主语之前。（2）现在完成时的用法。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, ever, never, just 等。如：I have already finished the work.Have you ev
2、er been to Beijing?He has never seen such a nice car. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：for + 时间段；since + 时间点（表时间段） ；时间段+ago；一般过去时态。如：I have taught in this school for ten years.I have taught in this school since ten years ago. for 和 since 引导的短语都表示“一段时间” ，所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词。延续性动词表示该动词可以延续一段
3、时间，如：live, work, study, teach, stay 等，非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续，是短暂的、瞬间完成的，如：初中英语知识点总结 第 2 页 共 4 页borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die 等。许多非延续性动词可以用意思相同或相近的延续性动词来表示：leave - be away from arrive - be ingo - be away come - be in / at finish - be overbuy - have borrow - keep die - be deadjoin - be in/be a
4、member of begin - be on如：He has gone He has been away for an hourI have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days have/ has been to 和 have/ has gone to have/ has been to ：曾去过have/ has gone to ：已去，去了（不在说话现场，在途中或已经到达）My mother has been to America. 我妈妈曾经去过美国My mother has gone to America. 我妈妈
5、已经去了美国（3）现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 一般过去时只单纯表示过去，和现在不发生联系，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和确定的过去的时间状语连用。如：We have visited the farm（现在对农场有所了解）We visited the farm last week（说明上周参观农场这件事） 如果询问某事发生的时间、地点只能用一般过去时。如：初中英语知识点总结 第 3 页 共 4 页When did you lose your cat ?I lost it last night. I
6、found it in the garden.现在完成时难点： 由 since 引导的时间状语，它们的主句通常使用完成时态。He has taught English since 1970.It has been a long time since I last saw you. 只有在 It is since这种结构中，主句的谓语才可用一般现在时，现在完成时或一般过去时。如：Its ten years since I left school.Its a long time since I saw you last. 表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这类动词有：begin, bo
7、rrow, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, lend, leave, sell, start, stop 等，如：不能说：His father has died for three years.只能说：His father died three years ago.不能说：He has left home for two months.只能说：He left home two months ago. 非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续。可与 for, since时间状语连用。如：I havent seen hi
8、m for a long time.初中英语知识点总结 第 4 页 共 4 页I havent heard from him since he left.She hasnt left home ever since she lost her job. have(has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别。Have been to a place 意思是“到过、去过” ，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；have gone to 意思是“去了” ，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿。如：Has she ever been to Nanjing ?You have never been there before, have you?I have been to Guilin, I went there last year. 总之，have been to 讲的是过去的情况，强调去过或没有，着重于到目前为止的一个结果，而 have gone to 指现在人在不在，只用于第三人称，不用于第一、第二人称，不能用来代替 have been to.
