1、岩土工程常用英语词汇 一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 2.foundation engineering 基础工程 3.soil, earth 土 4.soil mechanics 土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量 5.soil dynamics 土动力学 6.stress path 应力路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数
2、值岩土力学 二. 土的分类 1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位 3.clay minerals 粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物 5.landslides 滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble 卵石 10.gravel 砂石 11.gravelly sand 砾砂 12
3、.coarse sand 粗砂 13.medium sand 中砂 14.fine sand 细砂 15.silty sand 粉土 16.clayey soil 粘性土 17.clay 粘土 18.silty clay 粉质粘土 19.silt 粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土 21.clayey silt 粘质粉土 22.saturated soil 饱和土 23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土 27.u
4、nderconsolidated soil 欠固结土 28.zonal soil 区域性土 29.soft clay 软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土 31.peat 泥炭 32.loess 黄土 33.frozen soil 冻土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc su
5、bscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for totalstresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K0 for normally
6、 consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading oran undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamictest for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical direct
7、ions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um deg
8、ree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscriptsb and m denote bottom of specimen and meanvalue, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote effective
9、 principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation 饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度 26.moist unit weight 湿重度 27.saturated unit weight 饱和重度 28.effective unit weight 有效重度 29.density 密度 pactness 密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度 32.optimum water content 最优含水量 33.three phase diagram 三相图 34.t
10、ri-phase soil 三相土 35.soil fraction 粒组 36.sieve analysis 筛分 37.hydrometer analysis 比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation 级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system 土的统一分类系统 43.ASCE=Ame
11、rican Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会 44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcys law 达西定律 2.piping 管涌 3.flowing soil 流土 4.sand boiling 砂沸 5.flow net 流网 6.seepage
12、渗透（流） 7.leakage 渗流 8.seepage pressure 渗透压力 9.permeability 渗透性 10.seepage force 渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil 软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress 有效应力 4.total stress 总应力 5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪
13、强度 6.low activity 低活性 7.sensitivity 灵敏度 8.triaxial test 三轴试验 9.foundation design 基础设计 10.recompaction 再压缩 11.bearing capacity 承载力 12.soil mass 土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load 集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质 17.isotropic 各向同性 18.strip footin
14、g 条基 19.square spread footing 方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载 22.live load 活载 23.short term transient load 短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load 长期荷载 25.reduced load 折算荷载 26.settlement 沉降 27.deformation 变形 28.casing 套管 29.dike=dyke 堤（防） 30.clay fra
15、ction 粘粒粒组 31.physical properties 物理性质 32.subgrade 路基 33.well-graded soil 级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土 35.normal stresses 正应力 36.shear stresses 剪应力 37.principal plane 主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element
16、 method 有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数 pression index 压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数 48.geostatic stress 自重应力 49.additional stress 附加应力 50.total stress 总应力 5
17、1.final settlement 最终沉降 52.slip line 滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation 开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall 挡土墙 7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布 8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法 9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）
18、10 deep well point 深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护 13 braced excavation 支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板 七. 深基础-deep foundation 1.pile foundation 桩基础 1)cast in-place 灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock
19、 嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩 4)steel pile 钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢 管桩 steel sheet pile 钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力 混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation
20、沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 截水墙 4.friction pile 摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile 端承桩 6.shaft 竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析 8.pile caps 承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力 10.lateral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile
21、单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap 低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔 极限承载力 17.silent piling 静力压桩 18.uplift pile 抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩 20.pile groups 群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（） 22.e
22、fficiency of pile groups 群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术 24.final set 最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt 桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头） 29.pile spacing 桩距 30.pile plan 桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置 32.group actio
23、n 群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻 35.pile cushion 桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验 38.pile shoe 桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig 打桩机 八. 地基处理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building 建筑地基处理技
24、术规范 2.cushion 垫层法 3.preloading 预压法 4.dynamic compaction 强夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法 6.vibroflotation method 振冲法 7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩 9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column 水泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)
25、石灰桩 13.jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法 17.surface compaction 表层压实法 18.surcharge preloading 超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading 真空预压法 20.sand wick 袋装砂井 21.geofabric ,
26、geotextile 土工织物 posite foundation 复合地基 23.reinforcement method 加筋法 24.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法 25.freezing and heating 冷热处理法 26.expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理 27.ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理 28.collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation 人工地基 30.natural foundatio
27、n 天然地基 31.pillow 褥垫 32.soft clay ground 软土地基 33.sand drain 砂井 34.root pile 树根桩 35.plastic drain 塑料排水带 36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九. 固结 consolidation 1.Terzzaghis consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论 2.Barraons consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论 3.Biots consolidation theory 比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OC
28、R)超固结比 5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土 6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结 9.primary consolidation 主固结 10.secondary consolidation 次固结 11.degree of consolidation 固结度 12.consolidation test 固结试验 13.consolidation curve 固结曲线 14.time
29、factor Tv 时间因子 15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数 16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结 十. 抗剪强度 shear strength 1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度 2.residual strength 残余强度 3.long-term strength 长期强度 4.peak strength 峰值强度
30、5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率 6.dilatation 剪胀 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 11.cohesion 粘聚力 12.failure criterion 破坏准则 13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined com
31、pression 无侧限抗压强度 15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线 16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数 十一. 本构模型-constitutive model 1.elastic model 弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型 3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型 5.boundary surface model 边界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model
32、邓肯张模型 7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型 8.cap model 盖帽模型 9.work softening 加工软化 10.work hardening 加工硬化 11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface 屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus 弹性模量 17.Winkl
33、er foundation model 文克尔地基模型 十二. 地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态 5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载 6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性 7.ultimate bearing capacity of fo
34、undation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力 十三. 土压力-earth pressure 1.active earth pressure 主动土压力 2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力 3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力 4.Coulombs earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论 5.Rankines earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论 十四. 土坡稳定分析-slope stability
35、 analysis 1.angle of repose 休止角 2.Bishop method 毕肖普法 3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数 4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法 5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法 6.slices method 条分法 十五. 挡土墙-retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性 2.foundation wall 基础墙 3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙 4.cantilev
36、er retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙 5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙 6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙 十六. 板桩结构物-sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles 钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩
37、 5.timber piles 木桩 十七. 浅基础-shallow foundation 1.box foundation 箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础 3.strip foundation 条形基础 4.spread footing 扩展基础 pensated foundation 补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum 持力层 7.rigid foundation 刚性基础 8.flexible foundation 柔性基础 9.embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure
38、基底附加应力 11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构基础地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的动力性质-dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度 2.wave velocity method 波速法 3.material damping 材料阻尼 4.geometric damping 几何阻尼 5.damping ratio 阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction 初始液化 7.natural period of soil site 地基固
39、有周期 8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor 动力放大因素 10.liquefaction strength 抗液化强度 11.dimensionless frequency 无量纲频率 12.evaluation of liquefaction 液化势评价 13.stress wave in soils 土中应力波 14.dynamic settlement 振陷（动沉降） 十九. 动力机器基础 1.equivalent lumped parameter method 等效集总参数法 2.dy
40、namic subgrade reaction method 动基床反力法 3.vibration isolation 隔振 4.foundation vibration 基础振动 5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动弹性半空间理论 6.allowable amplitude of foundation 基础振动容许振幅 7.natural frequency of foundation 基础自振频率 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering 地震工程 2.soil dynamics 土动
41、力学 3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude 震级 7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度 二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固
42、结试验 3.falling head permeability 变水头试验 4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验 5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU) 6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU) 7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD) paction test 击实试验 9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验 10.quick
43、 direct shear test 快剪试验 11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验 12.sieve analysis 筛分析 13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验 14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验 15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪 16.direct shear test 直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验 18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验 19.dynamic simple s
44、hear 动单剪 20.free（resonance ）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验 二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验 6.lateral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验 11.light sounding 轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test 原位试验
