1、1第二讲主谓一致全析考法.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：is 根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it 指代上一句的 running regularly，是第三人称单数，故填 is。 2(2017全国卷)Fast food _ (be
2、) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：is 本句中的主语是 fast food，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填 is。3(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.解析：is 主语是“Leaving the less important thing
3、s until tomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well._解析：includeincludes 分析句子结构可知，that 引导定语从句，修饰 place，关系代词替代 place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式。2(2016浙江高考)He would ask who we was
4、and pretend not to know us._解析：waswere 从句中的主语是 we，为复数，故 be动词应该用 were。3(2014全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends . My dream school look like a big garden._解析：looklooks 最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用 looks。4(2014辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are o
5、ften up all night with the baby._2解析：havehas 句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。5(2014陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they looked like rain！_解析：waswere 句中主语是“the arrows”，为复数形式，故 be动词应该用were。谨记规则(一)并列主语的主谓一致1当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用 and, both .and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数
6、形式。但 and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如 the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand等。Both tea and coffee are my favorites.The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people.2由 each, every, no修饰的名词作主语时，即使有 and连接多个并列主语
7、，谓语动词仍用单数形式。No sound and (no) voice has been heard for a long time.Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.3由 or, nor, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.4there be, here b
8、e 后接几个并列名词时，谓语 be动词的数遵循就近原则。There is an orange and four bananas left.(二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1 “分数of/百分数of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity of可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于 of后名词的数。但 quantities of .作主语时，谓语动词用复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.A quantity of w
9、ater is needed for cooling purpose.Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.2 “a great deal of/a large amount of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3但 large amounts of .作主语，谓语动词用复数。A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.3a number of, a variety of修饰名词
10、作主语时，谓语动词用复数； the number of, the variety of后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them are from Hebei.A number of students have gone for an outing.4由 kind, form, type, species, portion, series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Some new forms of art were d
11、iscussed at the meeting.(三)其他情况的主谓一致1当主语后带有 as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。The house, including the garden and the park, was sold.I think the boss, rather than the wo
12、rkers, was to blame for the loss.2在“one of复数名词who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one 前面如果有 the only/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball.3 “more than one/many a(n)单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Mor
13、e than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.4强调句 it is/was . that/who .中，主句谓语总是用单数。It is he who tells us the news.5不定式、动词ing 形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To obey the law is everyones duty.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.Why he did it was very clear.6由两部分构成一个整体的
14、物体名词如 shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of, a piece of, a kind of, a series of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。4His trousers are too long to wear.This pair of glasses was found in the bag.语法填空解题“3 视角”1看主语人称，确定谓语动词形式2看充当主语的词(短语)，确定谓语动词形式(1)看到主语为动名词短语/to do 不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第
15、三人称单数形式；(2)看到“分数/百分数of名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词。3看到 there be等结构，要想到用就近一致原则 据第 1条解题1The design on the back shows (show) the yelloweyed penguin, one of the worlds rarest penguins.2Having traveled from China through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France for 18 days, the train final
16、ly arrived in London.Inside the 68 containers were (be) household goods, clothing, cloth, bags and suitcases. 据第 2条解题3Twofifths of the land in that district _is_covered (cover) with trees now, about 80% of which were_planted_ (plant) in the 1990s.4Listening to loud music at rock concerts has_caused
17、(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers over the years. 据第 3条解题5Not only Jasper but also his friends are (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.6There are_ (be) also many small universities with only a few hundred students.短文改错解题“3 原则”1通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词
18、用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句5中先行词的数一致。(3)单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但 what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。(4)主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as等引起的并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(5)复数形式单数意义的词，如 news, maths, plastics, physics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看
19、作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。(2)“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。3通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题由 either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .b
20、ut also .等连接的并列主语或者在 there be句型中，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 据第 1条解题1Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hideandseek, benefits kids mentally and physically. benefitsbenefit2Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, are going to visit Beijing this summer.areis 据第 2条解题3As a resul
21、t of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing._needsneed498% of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.areis 据第 3条解题5There was a large number of people and the train was crowded, but everyone helped those who had lots of baggage and behaved politely.第一个waswere6Here come your opportunity: the Student Union will organize a Poetry Writing Cecomes6
