1、- 1 -Unit 3 Back to the past课时练 1 阅读理解提速练学生用书 P273(单独成册)阅读理解A(2019济南 5 月高考针对性练习)Lions are the top tourist attraction to Kenya and also considered critically endangered. One of the main causes of their death is that people kill them in return for lions attacking their cows. “We put our cows in a smal
2、l cow shelter at night，” locals said, “and thats when the trouble would start. Lions would jump in the shelter and kill the cows.”There have been a lot of efforts to try to protect the lions, but they are in crisis and everyone is looking for a solution. One idea was land tenancy(租用)，and another was
3、 lionproof fences. However, no one even knew that Richard Turere, a 13yearold Maasai from Kenya, had already come up with something that worked.One night Richard was walking around with a flashlight and discovered the lions were scared of a moving light. An idea was born. Three weeks later, Richard
4、invented a system of lights that flash around the cow shelter, mimicking a human walking around with a flashlight. His system is made from broken flashlight parts and an indicator box from a motorcycle. “The only thing I bought was a solar panel(太阳能电池板), which charges a battery that supplies power t
5、o the lights at night，” Richard says. He calls the system Lion Lights.His simple solution was so successful. His neighbors heard about it and wanted Lion Lights too. He put in the lights for them. From there, the lights spread and are now being used all around Kenya. Someone in India is trying them
6、out for tigers. In Zambia and Tanzania theyre being used as well.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。狮子因为经常偷袭肯尼亚当地人饲养的奶牛而遭到杀害， 这导致肯尼亚狮子的数量大量减少， 已经濒临灭绝。人们想出多种方法来保护狮子，- 2 -但收效甚微。当地一个 13 岁的男孩发明了一种“狮灯系统”解决了这一难题。1Why do local people kill lions?ATo attract tourists.BTo protect their cows.CTo sell them for money.DTo scare awa
7、y large animals.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“One of the main causes of their death is that people kill them in return for lions attacking their cows.”可知， 狮子死亡的主要原因之一是狮子袭击当地人的奶牛，为了保护奶牛，他们不得不杀死狮子， 故B 项正确。2What makes Richards idea successful?AThat the lights will cost nothing.BThat the system can protect lions.
8、CThat the lions are afraid of a moving light.DThat the cows are lawfully killed.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“One night Richard was walking around with a flashlight and discovered the lions were scared of a moving light.”可知，一天晚上， Richard 发现狮子害怕移动的光； 结合下文他发明的装在牛棚上的闪光灯取得良好的效果可知， 他的想法成功的原因是狮子害怕移动的光， 故 C 项正确。3Wha
9、t may be the best title of the text?ALion Lights BProtecting LionsCEndangered Cows DLionproof FencesA 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知， 本文倒数第二段尾句“He calls the system Lion Lights.”为文章的主题句， 结合全文内容可知， 本文主要讲述了肯尼亚的一个 13岁男孩发明“狮灯系统”的过程， 这种方法既保护了当地的奶牛免遭狮子袭击， 也保护了狮子免遭杀害， 故 A 项最适合作为本文的标题。B(2019吉林省实验中学月考) How do the worlds onl
10、y flying mammals communicate? Researchers have observed young bats adopting new “dialects” simply by hearing them repeatedly, making them one of the few animals known to - 3 -have a capacity for vocal(声音的) learning.“These bats may help us clarify the evolution of speech acquisition(习得) skills，”says
11、Yosef Prat, a PhD at Tel Aviv University (TAU)For one year, researchers raised 14 Egyptian fruit bat pups with their mothers in the controlled area, exposing each young bat to two different vocalizations: the natural call of its mother and a separate recording that varied in pitch(音高) or frequency.
12、They found that the pups in each group developed a dialect like the recording.“The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear, and that human vocal learning abilities have developed during evolution，”says Mr. Prat.“The finding
13、that bats learn the common dialect in their rest place was unusual.”Scientists know little about the origin of spoken language, which is believed to have appeared in humans within the past 500，000 years. Dozens of theories attempt to explain the complexity of this skill, but none have done so conclu
14、sively.“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way to approach the problem，” says Olga Feher, an assistant professor at the University of Warwick in England.“But animal vocalizations and human speech are very different things，” says Jamin Pelkey, a professo
15、r at Ryerson University.“All species communicate. Unlike other animals, though, human beings are able to use sound patterns for functions that are far strangerfunctions that are imaginative, theoretical, and critical. When speech is involved in these stranger functions, that is what we mean by spoke
16、n language”【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究人员发现，蝙蝠可以通过发出一种声音来沟通交流，不同群体的蝙蝠会发出不同的声音。人们想通过研究蝙蝠的这种交流方式来探索语言发展的本源，但也有人指出动物的“语言”交流和人类的语言是有本质的区别的。4How do young bats acquire their “language” according to the research?AFlying in the air slowly.BHearing it again and again.CCommunicating with partners.DRepeating it with t
17、heir mothers.B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 young bats 和 acquire their - 4 -“language”可以定位至第一段。由该段第二句“Researchers have observed young bats adopting new dialects simply by hearing them repeatedly.”可知，蝙蝠幼崽是通过一遍遍地听来学习“语言”的。故选 B。5What was the general view about animal vocalization?AMost animals are born with it.B
18、Its process was unusual.CIt is easier than human speech.DWhat animals heard doesnt affect their learning.D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 general view 和 vocalization 可定位至第二段。由该段的倒数第二句“The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear.”可知，大多数动
19、物不管听到什么，其天生的发音能力都会自然发育。据此可知，动物所听到的不会对它们的发声能力有影响，故选 D。6What does the underlined word “problem” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe difference between animals and humans.BThe complexity of spoken language.CThe origin of spoken language.DThe study of animal models.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，科学家们对口头语言的起源问题知之甚少，也没有一种能够
20、服众的理论。结合画线单词所在句“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way.”可知，用动物作为研究对象是解决这一问题的一种很有用的方法；据此可知，画线单词指代“口头语言的本源是什么”这一问题，故选 C。7What does professor Pelkey think of researching young bats?AIt is far from the fact.BIts result is beyond doubt.CIt is of great scient
21、ific value.DIt doesnt relate to human speech much.D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 Pelkey 可定位至第五段。由该段第一句可知，佩尔基教授认为动物发声和人类语言不大一样。C(2019桂林、百色、崇左联考)By trying to tickle(使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since A
22、ristotle expected that humans, given - 5 -their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on
23、 their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.To make sure that he had indeed found a place in t
24、he brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.“Its truly groundbreaking，” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of
25、 emotion to a new level.”Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and hi
26、gh sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Lets go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.“The authors have been very adventurous，” sa
27、id Daniel OConnor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University. To him, that finding was very surprising.“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor
28、(严谨)”【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。8What contributed to humans being ticklish according to Aristotle?ATheir special skin.BTheir social pleasure.CTheir nervous system.DTheir willingness to touch.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, - 6 -given th
29、eir thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为 A。9Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?AThe research process is full of risks.BThe finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.CThe new dis
30、covery is beneficial for the study of emotion.DThe finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为 C。10The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “_”Agave a
31、 smileBmade a noiseCburst into tearsDwatched with staring eyesB 解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选 B。11What is the best title for the text?ATh
32、e Life of RatsBHow Rats LaughCA Wonderful ScientistDA New Discovery about RatsD 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为 D。D(2019贵阳摸底考试)Pollutions serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment
33、from further harm.As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in - 7 -great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), impr
34、oved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.The p
35、rocess of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are u
36、sed for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize (使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of
37、cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely cov
38、ered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power a
39、nd wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。12What can we know about green buildings?AProducing no waste.BOnly using clean energy.CBeing made of new materials.DBeing environmentfriendly.D 解析：推理判断
40、题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选 D。- 8 -13What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?ALarge. BSmall.CGreen. DLow.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非
41、高楼大厦，故选 B。14What is the purpose of using green roofs?ATo fit the environment.BTo keep warm.CTo collect nature water.DTo reduce costs.D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选 D。15What is the text mainly about?APromoti
42、ng energy efficiency.BEnvironmental benefits.CGreen buildings.DEcosystems and biodiversity.C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选 C。七选五(2019 合肥第二次教学质量检测)What to Do When Someone Doesnt Like YouWhen someone tells me “I dont care if people like me”， they are showing me the emot
43、ional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connection, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. 1._The first step to handle a negative s
44、ituation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, “What am I feeling？” 2._ Any betrayal(背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.3_ When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask - 9 -yourself what the
45、 person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally a
46、ttacked. Take a breath to relieve the stress. 4._Finally, if you believe the person doesnt like you, ask yourself if this matters. 5._ If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person? And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to ac
47、cept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not.AIf you can, look the person in his eyes.BDo you feel any fear or anger in your head?CAsk yourself what is true about the situation.DOften people do not realize the impact of their wo
48、rds.EWill the persons judgment of you impact your work or life?FThe ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.GThis will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。1F 解析：由空处承接下文 “The first step to handle a negative s
49、ituation is to recognize your reaction.”可知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选 F 项。2B 解析：由空处承接上文 “Ask yourself, What am I feeling？”可知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文 “Any betrayal(背叛) or embarrassment in your heart” 呼应，所以选 B 项。3C 解析：由空处承接下文 “When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选 C 项。4G 解析：由空处承接上文 “Take a breath
