1、1Unit 2 Working the land.阅读理解As Leonardo da Vincis interests were varied,his research covered a great range,including various aspects of applied mechanics(应用力学).Therefore,some of his biographers think such a man,having great artistic genius,would “waste” precious years of his life on such a “lowly”
2、pursuit as engineering.To appreciate Leonardos contribution to technology,one need only examine his analysis of the main problem of technology.In Leonardos time,the main burden of human industry still relied on the muscles of humans and animals.But little attention was given to analyzing this primit
3、ive muscle power so that it could be used most effectively for the required tasks.Against this background,Leonardos approach to work was revolutionary.When he searched for the most efficient ways of using human muscle power,the force of every leg and arm was analyzed and measured.Consider Leonardos
4、painstaking approach to the construction of canals.After analysis of constructing a particular canal by hand,he concluded that the only reasonable solution was to mechanize the whole operation.Then he considered and finally abandoned numerous plans in the course of the construction.Having systematic
5、ally rejected several solutions in this way,Leonardo began to consider using a system of cranes (吊车).Power was again his main concern.To activate a crane,the only transportable motor available at the time would have been a treadmill(踏车).This is not to suggest that Leonardo invented the treadmill.How
6、ever,it was Leonardo who first used the principle of the treadmill reasonably and in accordance with engineering principles.Because Leonardos insights were sometimes so far beyond the standards of his time,their importance to the development of modern engineering is often undervalued.Many scholars,i
7、n fact,still refused to concede that Leonardo was one of our earliest and most significant engineers.21.Why does the author consider Leonardos approach to work “revolutionary” in Paragraph 2?A.Because he attempted to replace humans and animals with machines.B.Because he adapted traditional solutions
8、 to previously impossible tasks.C.Because he studied muscle power in a way that no one had used before.D.Because he moved the main burden of industry from human to animal power.2.Which of the following can best describe Leonardo?A.Cautious but anxious. B.Considerate but painful.C.Cooperative and eff
9、icient. D.Determined and creative.3.What does the underlined word “concede” in the last paragraph mean?A.Admit. B.Prove. C.Explain. D.Revalue.语篇解读:本文是议论文。列奥纳多达芬奇在工程技术方面的贡献很大,但是很多学者却对此拒不承认。答案及剖析:1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 But little attention was given to analyzing this primitive muscle power so that it could
10、 be used most effectively for the required tasks及 When he searched for the most efficient ways of using human muscle power,the force of every leg and arm was analyzed and measured可知,列奥纳多以前所未有的方式研究了肌肉力量,因此作者说他的方法“具有革命性” 。2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,建造运河的过程很辛苦,列奥纳多不断推翻方案,但仍然意志坚定、不言放弃;根据第四段内容可知,列奥纳多创造性地运用踏车使吊车
11、运行。故 D项正确。3.A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知,由于时代的局限性,人们往往低估列奥纳多的见识。实际上,很多学者仍然拒绝“承认”列奥纳多是我们最早、最重要的工程师之一。.七选五(2018 山东日照高三联考)Do you know how bird population numbers are gathered?Scientists find answers to changing bird populations,habits and habitats in part by asking bird-lovers to help.One way is through Project
12、Feeder Watch,a program run by Cornell Universitys Lab of Ornithology thats celebrating its 30th year.1. 3First,find a convenient spot where you can see the comings and goings of birds.Maybe you have a balcony or a good window overlooking your yard.Or maybe you can do the project at your school with
13、classmates. 2. If at home,you can do weekend counts,but if doing the project at school,choose two consecutive(连续的)weekdays. Provide one or more bird feeders and a birdbath or dish of water,then count the numbers and kinds of birds that visit.You dont have to sit still watching all day.3. Ask yoursel
14、f,does weather affect the habits of the birds you see? Do they visit in groups or one by one? What kind of food attracts them? 4. For example,thread Cheerios(麦圈)and blueberries on a pipe cleaner bent in whatever shape you want.Tie a string on it and hang it from a branch.Or spread peanut butter on a
15、 cardboard toilet paper roll,then roll it in seed before hanging it on a hook or branch where birds can find it. 5. The data you submit will be added to that of thousands of other feeder watchers across the country.At the same time,the observation skills gained through learning to identify birds,the
16、ir habitats and eating preferences will also help you to enjoy nature more wherever you go. A.Attach much importance to what birds like to eat.B.Just take notes whenever you notice activity in the area.C.Here is what the scientists do to collect the information they need.D.You can join the celebrati
17、on and have fun while helping the researchers.E.Bird food and feeders can be purchased,or you can make them at home.F.Try to monitor the same area during the same two days in a row each week.G.Information you provide will help scientists learn about increases or decreases in bird populations.答案:1-5
18、DFBEG.完形填空(2018 山东临朐第一中学第六次模拟)A couple of days ago,my sister Liz and I spoke about Dad,and we decided to get him a little something together for Fathers Day.We talked about the times when we were 1 up and how Mom and Dad used to play “the good cop,bad cop” 4things with us.Dad has been a person of fe
19、w words since we were 2 .He raised us more by 3 than anything else. When he spoke,we listened,but he was always mysterious and difficult to understand.There was always a(n) 4 meaning that I never got,but Liz always 5 to read it.By the time I got to high school,I had wanted a whole bunch of skateboar
20、d gear (设备) and I 6 I was too old to ask money from my parents so I worked at a burger joint.One day,I was really angry about annoying burgers.I came home quite out of breath.Dad saw me and asked me what was the 7 .I told him that I was fed up with annoying burgers.He said that we all have to 8 some
21、where,and that we may not know it now,but the skills we learn even in a burger joint might come in handy later in life.“Who knows,you might end up having to run a 9 or even own one when you grow up,”said Dad.He 10 me down and I kept what he said in mind,even though I really didnt agree with it. A co
22、uple of years later,when I got to college,I worked in a restaurant.During one of the really 11 days that we had,we were short on kitchen staff.Our customers were getting impatient and the 12 were getting delayed.We were sure any minute something terrible would 13 out.I couldnt stand the 14 any more,
23、so I rolled up my sleeves,got myself a hair net and helped out in the hot kitchen.We caught up with the orders 15 .The owner saw what I did and called me around 16 time.He said that he was very 17 .He raised my salary and made me the assistant manager even though I could only go part-time.That was 1
24、8 I realized that what my Dad said to me all those years before was absolutely true. Ive never forgotten what my Dad said that day.And whenever I have to do something that requires new skills,no matter how small or 19 it seems,I have a new perspective (看法)that it might really help me later or even r
25、ight now and I just dont know it.Experience is everything and it 20 a lot when you take lessons from it.Thats my lifes philosophy. 1.A.getting B.going C.growing D.coming52.A.schoolboys B.kids C.adults D.graduates3.A.instruction B.example C.order D.inspiration4.A.obvious B.unclear C.reasonable D.hidd
26、en5.A.failed B.refused C.tried D.managed6.A.imagined B.promised C.figured D.suggested7.A.experience B.matter C.event D.accident8.A.work B.study C.stay D.leave9.A.restaurant B.hospital C.school D.plant10.A.calmed B.settled C.let D.put11.A.exciting B.worrying C.busy D.happy12.A.meetings B.parties C.me
27、nus D.orders13.A.break B.show C.go D.set14.A.quarrel B.laziness C.relaxation D.tension15.A.eventually B.regularly C.obviously D.thankfully16.A.breakfast B.lunch C.opening D.closing17.A.influenced B.interested C.inspired D.impressed18.A.when B.which C.whether D.where19.A.important B.impressive C.inte
28、resting D.insignificant20.A.works B.counts C.shows D.benefits语篇解读:父亲在我们的成长过程中起着重要的作用,他给我们提供了榜样的力量。答案及剖析:1.C 这里作者是在回忆在成长过程中,父亲给他们的教育,因此选择 growing。2.B 从文章开头“my sister and I”可知选择 schoolboys不对,根据语境可知此处选择kids最妥当。3.B 从上一句“Dad has been a person of few words since.”可知,父亲是一个寡言少语的人,他对我们的教育都是通过“身教”,即给我们做榜样。4.D
29、 从上文的“he was always mysterious and difficult to understand”可知父亲讲的话有隐含意义,因此选择 hidden。5.D 根据句中的 but可知“我”不懂,但是 Liz总是能够弄懂他的意思。manage to read it弄懂他讲的话的含义。66.C 根据上下文,作者认为自己已经长大了不好再向父母要钱。figure 以为,认为。7.B 根据空格前的 I came home quite out of breath 可知,父亲询问出了什么事。8.A 由于作者对自己刚刚从事的兼职工作不满意,于是父亲开导作者说每个人都要从某个地方起步,从事某一项
30、工作,可能现在还不知道是什么工作,不过工作中所获得的技能在日后的生活中也可能派上用场。9.A 根据上文的 a burger joint(一家汉堡快餐店)可知父亲认为“我”日后也许会经营一家餐馆。10.A 经过父亲的开导,作者气愤的情绪渐渐平静了下来并且记住了父亲的那一番话,尽管他当时并不赞同他的观点。calm sb.down表示让处于某种强烈情绪之中的人平静下来,符合题意。11.C 根据下面的“we were short on kitchen staff”可知那一天餐馆里很忙。12.D 顾客有些不耐烦了,根据下文的“We caught up with the orders”可知选择orders
31、,表示顾客点的菜也在被推迟。13.A 店里的员工都担心糟糕的事情会爆发。break out 指不好的事情的突然爆发,符合语境。14.D 根据上下文可知,作者无法忍受那种紧张的气氛,因此选择 tension。15.A 经过作者的出手相助,他们终于赶上了客人们的订菜单的速度。eventually 最终,符合题意。16.D closing time 在英语中是固定短语,意思是“(餐馆或酒馆)晚上打烊的时间” 。17.D 根据上句可知作者帮厨的事被老板看到了,因此他说作者给他留下了很深的印象,意思是作者做得好,这一点从下一句老板给他加工资可以得到验证。18.A 从文中可知 that指代上文提到的帮厨得到加薪的事,这时候作者才意识到父亲的话是完全正确的。19.D 与 small词义相近的应该是 insignificant,表示无论事情看起来是多么的小或不重要,做好了,学到的技能都可能对今后的生活有所帮助。20.B 根据上文可知学到的经验对今后的生活很重要。count 重要。7
