1、1模块 4U2李仕才一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease.In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to stud
2、y a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South.The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra.He studied the victims and their families.Most of the people lived a hard life.The doctor came to believe that the
3、disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison.Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part.One group of prisoners received their usual foods，mostly corn products.A second group ate meat，fresh
4、 vegetables and drank milk.Members of the first group developed pellagra.The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea.For the South，pellagra was more than simply a medical problem.There were other things，including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself i
5、njected(注射)with blood from a person with pellagra.He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments.So did Goldbergers wife.Non
6、e of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fiftyfive years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.1Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPe
7、ople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.22What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasnt so terrible.BPellagra didnt spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasnt a medical problem.3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADe
8、voted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生 Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。【难句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.分析：本
9、句是一个含有 that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。that 从句中，but 连接两个并列的谓语。译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。1C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food” ，再结合 Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在 Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的
10、犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。2B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的 Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger 进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。3A 考查推理判断。文中提到的 Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可 Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己
11、的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选 A。二、单项填空1.About 1,000 singers competed _ each other _ six medals in the National Singing Competition.3A. against, with B. with, on C. with, in D. against, for【答案】D2.No longer it is for any nation to _ itself from the rest of the world.A. separate B. prevent C. preser
12、ve D. differ【答案】A 【解析】separatefrom把分开；prevent.from阻止(做)某事；preservefrom.保护免受；differ.from.把与区分开来。句意：任何一个国家再也不能把自身与世界其他各国割裂开来。3.Poets, schools, publishers, booksellers and libraries will hold readings, competitions, book displays, educational events and other activities _ National Poetry Month.A. in ho
13、nour of B. in place of C. in spite of D. in terms of【答案】A 【解析】句意：诗人、学校、出版社、图书商和图书馆将举办阅读、竞赛、书展、教育项目及其他活动来纪念“全民诗歌月” 。in honour of 为了纪念，向表示敬意，符合语境。4.The _ of severe punishments plays a major role in the growing road safety problem. A. presence B. absence C. existence D. evidence【答案】B【解析】句意：缺乏严厉的处罚是道路安全
14、问题频发的重要原因。名词 absence(没有，缺乏)与句意相符。5.He _ to escape from the prison, but he couldnt find anybody to help him.A. succeeded B. attempted C. advised D. managed【答案】B【解析】succeed 后不接不定式作宾语， “成功地做某事”应为 succeed in doing sth.= manage to do sth；advise doing sth.建议做某事；offer to do sth.主动帮助做某事；attempt to do sth.尽力
15、去做，但不一定成功。句意：他企图从监狱逃跑，4但是他没有能够找到任何可以帮助他的人。6.What we had done was to help him, but surprisingly he thought _. A. else B. anyway C. otherwise D. though【答案】C 【解析】else 其它的；anyway 不管如何；otherwise 另外，别样；though 尽管。句意：我们所做的一切是想帮助他的，但令人吃惊的是他不那么认为。otherwise 意思为另外，别样，相当于 differently或 in another way。 7.I am goin
16、g to do all I can to _ the unpleasant impression you have of me.A. solve B. form C. remove D. move【答案】C【解析】句意：我打算尽最大努力去除你对我不好的印象。remove 去除，符合句意。8.The incomes of skilled workers went up. _,unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise【答案】C【解析】句意：技术工人的工资收
17、入上升了。与此同时，非技术工人的工资在下降。meanwhile与此同时，符合句意。9.Each misfortune you come across will carry in it the seed of tomorrows good luck. So _ until you succeed.A. carry on B. hang on C. keep on D. wait on【答案】B10.As computers are more and more important nowadays, handwritten letters are gradually _ emails.A. tak
18、ing the way of B. pushing a way throughC. showing way for D. making way for【答案】D 【解析】句意：如今电脑已变得越来越重要，手写信已逐渐被电子邮件所取代。make way for“给让路；让位于” ，符合句意。11.It seems to be a strong _ competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.5A. compromise B. com
19、petence C. comprehension D. competition【答案】D【解析】compromise 折中解决，妥协，退让；competence 能力；comprehension 理解，理解力；competition 竞争，比赛。句意：在中国，高中生考大学似乎存在很激烈的竞争，这一现象在其他国家同样存在。12.The Hong Kong government has threatened to take legal action against those advocating full _ from China. A. distribution B. contribution
20、 C. location D. separation【答案】D 【解析】distribution 分配，分发，分布；contribution 捐款，贡献，投稿；location 位置，地点；separation 分离，隔离，分开。句意：香港政府警告称，将对主张香港从中国彻底独立出来的人采取法律行动。13.I feel honoured to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.A. honour B. honouring C. honoured D. an honour【答案】
21、 【解析】feel it an honour to do sth./feel honoured to do sth 感到做是荣幸的事。句意：我感到很荣幸能在这里与大家分享我对高中生学习的看法。本句话还可以这样说：It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.14.Being straightforward, Im not the kind of person who likes to say something unfavorable about a
22、nyone in their _. A. absence B. performance C. favor D. appearance【答案】A15.Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first_.A. purpose B. desire C. attempt D. intention6【答案】C【解析】句意：杰森为他的英语考试做了精心的准备，他确信自己第一次即可通过考试。on his first attempt是
23、指第一次尝试，是固定用法。purpose 目的；desire 强烈的希望；intention 企图。三、完形填空We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animal
24、s have _4_ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of selfawareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on it
25、s face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12
26、_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this research will help design better areas for
27、animals in captivity (圈养). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papers BcoversCheadlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespeci
28、ally Dcompletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand76A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touchable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dism
29、isses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BoutcomeCsuccess Dreview18A.cause BprepareCaccelerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass2
30、0A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即使照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。1C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，8当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C 项意为“头条(新闻)” ，符合语境。A项意为“报纸” ；B 项意为“封面” ；D 项意为“页码” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。2A 考查副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝
31、宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A 项意为“广泛地” ，符合语境。B 项意为“流行地” ；C 项意为“特别地” ；D 项意为“完全地” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。3C 考查形容词辨析。根据第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C 项意为“有意识的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“害羞的” ；B 项意为“喜欢的” ；D 项意为“自信的” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。4A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of selfawaren
32、ess.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A 项意为“失败”，符合语境。B 项意为“忽视” ；C 项意为“面对” ；D 项意为“指挥，引导” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。5C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C 项意为“辨认出” ，符合语境。A 项意为“观察”；B 项意为“发现” ；D 项意为“理解” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。6B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B 项意为“找到，弄清楚” ，符合语境。A 项意
33、为“相信，信任” ；C 项意为“挑选出” ；D 项意为“吸收，欺骗” ，均与语境不符。故选 B项。7A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A 项意为“感觉” ，a sense of为固定搭配，意为“一种感” ，符合语境。B 项意为“问题” ；C 项意为“观点” ；D 项意为“想法” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。8B 考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示使用某种工具，应用介词 with。9D 考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸上的记号。故选 D项。10B 考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，在自己脸上的标记，只有
34、在镜子中才能看到。B项意为“可见的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“可触摸的” ；C 项意为“可觉察的” ；D 项意为“可能的” ，均与语境不符。故选 B项。11C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感受到这个标记的。C 项意为“感受，感觉” ，符合语境。A 项意为“解雇，解散” ；B 项意为“承认” ；D 项意为“移动” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。12D 考查代词辨析。根据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他9动物一样能感受到脸上的标记。故选 D项。1
35、3C 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其他大熊猫” 。C 项意为“代替，而不是” ，符合语境。A 项意为“因此” ；B 项意为“然而” ；D 项意为“仍然” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。14B 考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。B 项意为“映像，倒影” ，符合语境。A 项意为“反应” ；C 项意为“操作，手术” ；D 项意为“想象” 。均与语境不符。故选 B项。15C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C 项意为“威胁” ，符合语境。A 项意为“使陷入困境，卡住” ；B 项意为“使惊讶
36、” ；D 项意为“取笑，戏弄” ，均与语境不符。故选 C项。16A 考查副词辨析。根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。A 项意为“向后” ，符合语境。B项意为“独自地” ；C 项意为“向前” ；D 项意为“一起，沿着” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。17B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B 项意为“结果” ，符合语境。A 项意为“失败” ；C 项意为“成功” ；D 项意为“复习” ，均与语境不符。故选 B项。18A 考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth. 意为“导致某人做某事” ，符合语境。B 项意为“准备” ；C 项
37、意为“加速” ；D 项意为“督促” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。19D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass 符合语境。故选 D项。20D 考查介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D 项意为“而不是” ，符合语境。A 项意为“除了” ；B 项意为“不管” ；C项意为“因为” ，均与语境不符。故选 D项。四、短文改错。With Chinese economy has developed fast，the life standard has improved rapid.A lot of people
38、have money to travel abroad.Recently，I saw a video，which was about what the foreigners judged Chinese tourists.The video reported the crazy situation where Chinese tourists created.In the foreigners eyes，Chinese tourists are rich.But at the same time，they were annoying by the acts of Chinese tourist
39、s.Some of them would like write some words in the tourist sites and some people would spit anytime and anywhere.As far as Im concerned about，when we are in the foreign countries，what we do somehow present the image of their motherland，so it is important to act politely.10【答案】Chinese economy has deve
40、loped fast，the life standard has improved WithAs.A lot of people have money to travel abroad.Recently，I saw a rapidrapidlyvideo，which was about the foreigners judged Chinese tourists.The video whathowreported the crazy situation 或 Chinese tourists created.In wherethat/which erthe eyes，Chinese touris
41、ts are rich.But at the same time，they were foreignersforeignersby the acts of Chinese tourists.Some of them would like write some annoyingannoyed towords in the tourist sites and some people would spit anytime and anywhere.As far as Im concerned ，when we are in the foreign countries，what we do about
42、somehow the image of motherland，so it is important to act presentpresents their ourpolitely.第一处：考查连词。with 是介词，后接名词、代词和动名词，也可接独立主格形式，但不能引导从句。连词 as可引导原因状语从句，意为“因为” 。此处是一个句子，所以应用as。故将 With改为 As。第二处：考查副词。rapid 是形容词，不能修饰动词 improve。修饰动词应用副词。故将 rapid改为 rapidly。第三处：考查连接词。根据句意可知，此处连接词表示方式，指外国人是如何评价中国游客的。故将 w
43、hat改为 how。第四处：考查定语从句。此处引导词引导定语从句，指代先行词 situation，指物，在从句中作 created的宾语。故将 where改为 that/which，也可省略引导词。第五处：考查名词所有格。in ones eyes 为固定短语，意为“在某人眼里，在某人看来” 。此处应表示“在外国人看来” ，所以要用名词所有格。故将 foreigners改为foreigners。第六处：考查形容词。现在分词形式的形容词修饰物，表示“令人的” ，过去分词形式的形容词修饰人，表示“感到的” 。根据语境可知，此处表示“他们感到恼怒” ，修饰人。故将 annoying改为 annoyed。第七处：考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.是固定用法，意为“想要做某事” 。故在 like之后加 to。第八处：考查固定结构。As far as Im concerned 为固定短语，意为“在我看来” 。故删掉 about。11第九处：考查主谓一致。what we do 为主语从句，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将 present改为 presents。第十处：考查物主代词。根据句意和逻辑关系可知，此处的物主代词应与前面的 we保持一致。故将 their改为 our。
