1、1Section Grammar-词性转化和词的派生语法初识原句感知 自主探究1.Her expression changed when she heard the news.Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.This information began to raise questions in her mind about Jacks innocence.I dont think its fair to question his motives just because he disagrees with you.W
2、ould you please dry my clothes in the sun?We will try our best to better our living conditions.He got first place in the final.She speaks Italian like a native.2. hopehopeful(有希望的)successsuccessful(成功的)useuseless(无用的)powerpowerless(无力的)naturenatural(天然的)traditiontraditional(传统的) famefamous(著名的)dange
3、rdangerous(危险的)(1)句中的 change 通常用作动词，在句中用作名词。(2)句中的 question 通常用作名词，在句中用作动词。(3)dry, better 通常用作形容词，在句和句中 dry, better 都用作动词。(4)final 和 black 通常用作形容词，在句和句中的 final 和black 都用作名词。(5)名词加后缀ful，表示“满的” ，less 后缀表示“无的” 。(6)名词后缀al 或ous 构成形容词，表示“的” 。语法剖析语法点一 词性转化1定义：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的2方法称为词性转化。2常见的
4、词性转化类型(1)动词名词单词 动词词义 名词词义dress (给)穿衣服 连衣裙；女装dream 做梦 梦look 看；寻找 看；神色taste 品尝 味道love 爱，喜欢 爱；爱人plant 种植 植物；工厂study 学习；研究 学习；研究；书房try 尝试 尝试work 工作 工作He wanted to taste the soup and know the taste of it.他想尝尝汤，知道汤的味道。She dressed herself in a red dress.她给自己穿上了一条红裙子。名师点津 由动词转化而来的名词常与 give, have, make, take
5、 等动词搭配来表示一个动作。give a kick 踢 take a seat 就座have a swim 游泳 make a bet 打赌(2)名词动词单词 名词词义 动词词义book 书 预定；预约dust 灰尘，尘埃 打扫film 电影；影片 拍电影；拍摄fish 鱼 钓鱼mail 邮件 邮寄；发送seat 座位 使就座ship 船 用船运送；遣送hand 手 传递shoulder 肩膀 负责任，肩负train 火车 训练，培养3nurse 护士 护理，照顾Will you please give me a hand and hand me the book?你帮我一下，把那本书递给我好
6、吗？The nurse nursed her husband back to health.这名护士看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。(3)形容词动词单词 形容词词义 动词词义dirty 脏的 (使)变脏correct 正确的 改正quiet 安静的 (使)安静dry 干燥的 (使)变干empty 空的 倒空free 自由的 释放narrow 狭窄的 (使)变窄slow 缓慢的 (使)减速To make the sentence correct, you must correct the mistakes.为了使句子正确，你必须改正句中的错误。The teacher asked the student
7、s to keep quiet and the classroom quieted down immediately.老师要求学生保持安静，教室里立刻静了下来。(4)形容词名词单词 形容词词义 名词词义chemical 化学的 化学品daily 每天的 日报black 黑色的 黑色final 最后的 决赛native 当地的 当地人total 总的 总数We watched the final game, that is to say, we watched the final.我们看了最后的比赛，也就是说，我们看了决赛。The girl in black appears very beaut
8、iful and she likes wearing black clothes.穿黑衣服的那个女孩看上去很漂亮，她喜欢穿黑色的衣服。(5)其他词性转化情况4out adv.往外，向外 n.托词；出路up adv.向上；上涨 v.提高的价格south n南方 adv.向南，朝南upstairs n楼上 adv.在楼上They wanted to get the vase and raised the price up. They have upped their offer by 5%.他们想得到那个花瓶，就提高了价格。他们已经把报价提高了 5%。名师点津 有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化
9、。例如：集中演练 111.写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和含义She is a worldfamous film star and has starred in many famous films. n明星； v.主演CCTV will give the fans live broadcast of the World Cup. adj.现场直播的The child is very excited to see the real live elephant. adj.活的The old couple are living a peaceful life in the countryside now
10、. v过的生活To her teachers joy, Marys scores in the test are above average.n.平均水平It is reported that the average income of farmers this year has increased by 6%.adj.平均的Its a small restaurant, averaging less than fifty customers a day.v.平均有The game finished in a tie but our team went through to the final
11、. n.平局The two athletes tied for first place with a time of 26.8 seconds.v.打成平局My father has recovered from his illness and looks very well. adj.气色好Students in my class always get along well with each other.adv.好We used to get our drinking water from a well.n.井12.完成句子5箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。The case has_been_
12、emptied for these books.我打算去旅行，而且我已经在网上订票了。I am going to travel and I have_booked_the_ticket online.她放慢车速，开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。She_slowed_the_car and began driving up a narrow road.我认为这辆车不能容纳你们所有的人。I dont think the car will hold_you_all.在随后一年的高中生活中，你将会面对越来越多的挑战。In the next year of your senior high school lif
13、e, you will_face_more_and_more_challenges.语法点二 词的派生1.定义：通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，叫词的派生。2常见的形容词后缀(1)“名词后缀”构成的形容词名词y healthy, hilly, lucky, rainy, thirsty名词ful careful, helpful, successful, useful名词ic historic, poetic, electric名词ern eastern, northern, southern, western名词ive active, attractive名词ly friendly,
14、lively, lovely名词ous dangerous, famous, poisonous, envious名词en golden, wooden, woolen名词less careless, endless, homeless, hopeless, useless名词al cultural, national, natural, official名词ish childish, foolish, feverish名词some handsome, tiresome名词ward eastward, southward(2)“动词后缀”构成的形容词动词ed excited, tired, i
15、nterested动词ing surprising, interesting, 6astonishing动词able comfortable, enjoyable, acceptable集中演练 221.单句语法填空When we plan our vacation, our mother often offers us practical (practice) suggestions.A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted (attempt) murder by the police now.Why not go for
16、a picnic on such a sunny (sun) day?The song, recorded in the studio, sounded_fantastic (fantasy) at the party that night.Goods at_reasonable (reason) prices and of high quality are always well received by consumers.I began to love Shanghai the first time I came to this beautiful_ (beauty) city.If yo
17、u go there by train, you will have quite a _comfortable (comfort) journey.He was really manly enough to be responsible (response) for what he had done.The hurricane destroyed a great number of houses, making thousands of people homeless (home)As far as Im concerned, effective (effect) measures shoul
18、d be taken before things get worse.22.单句改错Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealth and wise.wealthwealthyMy grandfather is as energy as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day. energyenergeticInstant noodles which are easy to cook are availability in grocery stor
19、es.availabilityavailable7In addition to being confident, she is also attractive and sense.sensesensitiveThere are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off poison gases. poisonpoisonous链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷语法填空)However, be careful (care) not to go to extremes.解析：考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语，故填 car
20、eful，与前面的 be 构成系表结构。2(2017全国卷语法填空)This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词 the 可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。3(2017全国卷语法填空)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for t
21、he passengers, with all the smoke and noise.解析：考查词性转换。根据后面的形容词 unpleasant 可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词，故填 fairly。4(2015全国卷语法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析：考查词性转换。此处需要形容词修饰后面的名词。针对演练.单句语法填空()词性转
22、化1Supposing your father saw you playing (play) computer games, what would he say?2Some of the suspects questioned (question) refused to answer and kept their mouths shut. 83I never dreamed (dream) of meeting you here. What a coincidence!4Ge You, Zhang Guoli and Xu Fan starred (star) in the film Cell
23、phone.5The abandon of the project resulted (result) from lack of enough money.6The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging (average) about 12 meters.7He scored (score) far more than any of his opponents, which proved him a worthy winner.8Listen to her carefully. Her voice sounds (sound
24、) sweet.9Last summer she worked (work) at a restaurant as a waitress.10We were heading (head) towards the Great Wall when our car broke down.()词的派生1Its recorded that more than twothirds of the houses in this area were destroyed by the powerful (power) hurricane.2Your father seems rather energetic (e
25、nergy) even though he is now in his sixties.3In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks friendly (friend) to people greeting him.4The discovery of gold in California provided people with endless (end) opportunities for making a fortune.5A group of young American had an enjoyable (enjoy) tour
26、in our town last month.6We should keep the children away from the dangerous (danger) animals.7Cycling is highly beneficial (benefit) to peoples health and the environment.8Most of us need to lead more balanced (balance) lives to be healthy and happy.9Man is short of natural (nature) resources now. T
27、hey really require to be protected.10Oh, the roast chicken really tastes delicious! I have never eaten such _tasty (taste) dish.短文改错Im honoured that you would ask me for advices.As you know, our band is formed in a very unusual way.However, we have learned a lot of the band since then.9First, you wi
28、ll need to agree on what kind of music you want to write and play.You had better to play one kind of music if you want to become famous.Next, you will need to come with a name for your band something which is different. Then, make a specially time for practice and stick on it.You will also want to give several performances for friends and families to get their ideas on their musical ability. Above all, just have funny!答案：第一句：advicesadvice第二句：iswas第三句：offrom/about第五句：去掉第一个 to第六句：come 后加 up; whichthat第七句：speciallyspecial; onto第八句：第二个 theiryour第九句：funnyfun10
