1、1Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships Friendship Section Grammar-动词-ing 形式的完成式作状语和后接动词-ing 形式或不定式的动词（词组） 语法图解 探究发现I was twelve and, having lostall my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.Having been operated on the leg, he cant walk as usual.Not having made adequate preparations, they
2、 put off the sports meeting till next Friday.He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting/to get to know people.I like lying/to lie on my back staring at the sky.Error!Error!Error!我的发现(1)以上句中，句中的黑体部分在句中作状语，句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)由句可知，动词ing 形式的完成式为 having_done，否定式为not
3、_having_done，完成被动式为 having_been_done。(3)句中，动词ing 形式与不定式作宾语意义相差不大。(a，b)(a，b)(a，b)句中，动词ing 形式与不定式作宾语意义区别很大， 其中a 句中作宾语的动词ing 形式的动作已经发生，b 句中作宾语的动词不定式的动作未发生。2一、动词ing 形式的完成式作状语1动词ing 形式的完成式的构成：having过去分词。动词ing 形式的完成式表示该动作发生于句中谓语动词表示的动作之前。动词ing 形式的完成式在句中常作状语，表示原因、时间、让步等，常可转换成相应的状语从句。Having written the lett
4、er, he went to post it.After he had written the letter, he went to post it.写完信后，他去寄走它。(时间状语)2动词ing 形式的完成式的否定式为：nothaving过去分词。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examination.Because he hadnt studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examination.因为没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。3动词ing 形式的完成式的被
5、动式为：havingbeen过去分词。Having been toldmany times, he still repeated the same mistake.Although he has been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.已经被告知多次，他仍犯同样的错误。(让步状语)即时演练 1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Having_read (read) the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theory.Having_been_warned
6、(warn) of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend following her.(2)句型转换After he had finished his homework, the little boy began to play Internet games.Havingfinishedhishomework,_the little boy began to play Internet games.As he had been there many times, he offered to be our
7、guide.Havingbeentheremanytimes,_he offered to be our guide.二、后接动词ing 形式或不定式的动词(词组)1可用动词ing 形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)常见的能用动词ing 形式作宾语的动词有：advise, admit, allow, avoid, consider, miss, keep, practice, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, suggest, mind, permit 等。3He enjoys listening to light music.他喜
8、欢听轻音乐。(2)常见的能用动词ing 形式作宾语的动词词组有：look forward to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, feel like, insist on, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in)等。He insists on doing physical training.他坚持体育锻炼。(3)advise, allow, forbid, permit 等动词后可直接跟动词ing 形式作宾语，也可跟不定式
9、作宾语补足语或主语补足语。We dont allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。You cant allow fearto impact how you operate.你不能让恐惧对你的行为方式有影响。即时演练 2 用所给词的适当形式填空I appreciate having_been_given (give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.He always avoids talking (talk) to me.Would you mind my opening (open) th
10、e window?Can you imagine him becoming (become) famous as an actor?Lydia doesnt feel like studying (study) abroad.Her parents are old.2可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, choose, decide, determine, learn, afford, want, expect, hope, refuse, manage, wish, pretend, offer, promise, plan 等。As a stu
11、dent, he cant afford to buy a car now.作为一个学生，他现在买不起轿车。(2)能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder 等。He didnt knowhow to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。名师点津 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。即时演练 3(1)单句改错4My English teacher promised to lending s
12、ome books to me.lendinglendThe train was late and at best I could only hope to being home tomorrow.beingbeCan you inform me when to beginning our final examination？beginningbegin(2)完成句子He showed us how_to_do_the_work.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。I dont know what_to_do.我不知道做些什么。3可用动词不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)下列动词(词组
13、)后可跟不定式或动词ing 形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。rememberError!forgetError!regretError!tryError!meanError!go onError!Please rememberto give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Dont you remember telling me the story yesterday?难道你不记得昨天告诉我这个故事了吗？(2)有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend 等)既可跟不定
14、式又可跟动名词，不定式表示特定的未来事件，动名词表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下可以互换。I intend studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词 want, need, require 作“需要”解，而且当物作主语时，常跟动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟不定式要用被动式。The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.那座旧房子需要修了。即时演练 4(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Remember to_return (return) the book to me.5But I remember re
15、turning (return) it to you.The doctor tried to_cure (cure) the woman of her illness, so he tried treating (treat) her with a new medicine.That would mean wasting (waste) a lot of labor.Really？I dont mean to_waste (waste) any labor.(2)句型转换My bike needs cleaning.My bike needs tobecleaned.These young t
16、rees requires to be watered.These young trees requires watering.用所给词的适当形式填空1Having_been_repaired (repair), the motorcycle must be given a good road test.2Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do next.3Not_having_read (not read) all the required papers, he didnt answer the questions in c
17、lass.4Having_succeeded (succeed) in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the coming one.5I have long been looking forward to meeting (meet) you.6You should learn to_be (be) independent of your parents.7Cars are not allowed to_go (go) through the city centre.8I havent de
18、cided when to_start (start); Im thinking it over in my mind.9She likes swimming but she doesnt like to_swim (swim) this afternoon.10She regretted not having_studied (study)the computer hard.完成句子1This plant needs_watering/to_be_watered twice a week.这种植物一星期要浇两次。2Not_having_completed_the_project,_ they
19、 wont stop to have a rest.还没完成这个项目，他们不会停下来休息的。3I got up very early this morning to avoid missing_the_flight.今天早上我很早就起床了，以避免错过航班。4You must remember_to_tell_him all about it.你千万要记着把这一切告诉他。65Having_left_the_key_in_my_office,_I had to go back and get it.把钥匙忘在办公室了，我必须回去拿。6I suggested going_for_a_walk aft
20、er supper.我建议晚饭后去散步。.短文改错When I was in high school, I wasnt very popular girl. But my classmates, Alice was different. She was popular and someone around her liked her. I wanted to be like her. As a result, I dressed like her but acted like her. But it didnt make others like me at all. On the contra
21、ry, others even start making fun of me. I failed to make any friends on this way. What was bad, I lost myself. At last, I decided to be myself. As time went by, I final made some friends. We should stop be someone else. Instead of, we should just be ourselves.答案：第一句：wasnt 后加 a第二句：classmatesclassmate第三句：someoneeveryone第五句：butand第七句：startstarted第八句：onin第九句：badworse第十一句：finalfinally第十二句：bebeing第十三句：去掉 of
