1、阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台难点 5 动词-ing 形式的双重语法功能动词-ing 形式可用作动名词和现在分词，动名词由动词+ing 构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。难点磁场1.()Though_money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in (NMET2002) 2.()How abo
2、ut the two of us_a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking (MET1993)3.()_is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk (MET1992)4.()I must apologize for_ahead of time.Thats all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.lettin
3、g you know not D.letting not you know (NMET1994)案例探究1.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret_that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done (NMET1995)命题意图：考查学生对动词 regret 的掌握，属于四星级题目。知识依托：regret doing 结构表示后悔做了某件事。错解分析：C 项迷惑性较大。解题方法与技巧：从对话所表达的内容来看，在会上提反对意见的
4、人对其行为感到后悔。答案：D2._such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered (NMET2001)命题意图:考查学生对分词的掌握，属于五星级题目。知识依托:现在分词的完成时表示分词的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前发生。错解分析:B 项迷惑性较大。现在分词的一般时表明分词表示的动作或状态和句子谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生或进行。解题方法与技巧：分清现在分词的一般时和完成时所表示的
5、含义不同。答案：A阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台锦囊妙计1.动名词1）动名词的用法：作主语。例如：Seeing is believing. Collecting information is very important to business man. It is no use sitting here waiting.注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play w
6、ith fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作）但在 it is no use/good,not any use /good,uselss 等后一般用动名词。作表语。例如：My job is teaching English.作宾语。例如： He is fond of playing football.He finished reading the book yesterday.作定语，a sitting room2）动名词的复合结构：动名词复合结构的一般规则是：逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中） ，也可用名词普通格或人称代
7、词宾格。例如：Their coming to help us was a great encour agement to us.（主语）She didnt mind Jack(him)coming late.（宾语）They insist on Toms(his)staying longer.（介宾）逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。例如：Is there any hope of our team winning the match?逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词 this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，
8、只用普通格。例如：She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.3）动名词的时态：动名词的时态分一般时和完成时两种。如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之前发生，用动名词的一般时。例如：We are interested in collecting stamps.His coming will be of great help to us.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如：We were praised for having finished the work ahead
9、 of time.但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。例如：On hearing the bad news， she couldnt help crying.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time。4）动名词的语态：动名词的被动语态也有一般时与完成时两种。当主语是这个动名词所表示的动作对象时，动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being+过去分词”或“having been+过去分词 ”构成。例如：The young man came in without bein
10、g noticed. He likes being helped.阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台He was afraid of being left at home.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.有些动名词在句中是主动形式，但有被动的含义。例如：The house requires/needs/wants repairing.注：在 to be worth doing 句型中，动名词 doing 表示的是被动意义。例如：If a thing is worth doi
11、ng， it is worth doing well.2.分词1）分词的时态和语态：分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词有一般时和完成时。一般时表示和谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生的动作；完成时（having +过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。例如：Being a student,he was interested in books.He hurried home,looking behind him as he went.Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well.现在分
12、词有一般时和完成时，且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态。如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成时的被动形式。例如：The question being discussed is of great importance.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成时。2)分词的用法：作定语。分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：China is
13、a developing country.The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.作状语：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等
14、。例如：Being too old ,he couldnt walk that far.While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.(时间）The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式）Standing on the building,you can see the whole city. （条件）注意：a.分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。b.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词 while 或 when 引导。c.有时， “with(without)+名词（
15、或代词宾语）+分词”的结构表示伴随情况。例如：The spy sat on the ground,his hands tied behind his back.d.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词必须有自己的主语。例如:Time permitting,I will finish another lesson.Her glasses broken,she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.作表语。例如：阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台The news inspiring.You sh
16、ouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt.作宾语补足语。例如：We saw the teacher making the experiment.John will get his room painted.注意：在 see,hear,watch,feel,observe,have,listen to,notice 等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的。用现在分词表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束） ，用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了） 。例如：I saw the gir
17、l getting on the bus.I saw the girl get on the bus and drive off.He had his foot hurt in the fall.He had his clothes washed.(他叫别人洗了衣服）We had the fire burning all day.(我们使火燃烧了一整天）注意：“have +宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某种状态或干什么事； “have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。3)过去分词、现在分词一般被动式及完成被动式作状语时的比较：过去分词与现在分词一般被动式作状语表示伴随动
18、作或行为方式时，两者无多大区别，习惯上常用过去分词。例如：（Being)Seized with a sudden fear,she gave a scream.He came in,followed by a group of students.在某些情况下，二者则是有区别的。例如：Badly polluted ,the water cannot be drunk.(原因）Being written in haste,the composition is full of mistakes.（原因，强调写的过程，故应用现在分词一般被动式）过去分词与现在分词完成被动式皆表示已完成的动作，在意义上无
19、多大区别。例如：（Having been)weakened by storms，the bridge was no longer safe.但有时是有区别的。例如：Having been deserted(抛弃）by his guide,he couldnt find his way through the jungle.（为了强调已完成的动作） 。Asked to stay,I couldnt very well refuse.（这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked,也可能意味着 when/since I was asked，但若用 having been ask
20、ed，就不会有歧义）下面句子中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：Covered with confusion,I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。有时现在分词一般时的被动式与其完成时的被动式完全同义，皆表示已完成的动作，这时用一般时的被动时较好。例如：Being surrounded (Having been surrounded),the enemy troops were forced to surrender.4)过去分
21、词与现在分词意义上的区别：及物动词的过去分词表示“被动、完成” （不及物动词的过去分词只表示“完成” ） ，现在分词表示“主动、进行” 。动作动词的现在分词所描写的常是一种“动态”情景；其过去分词所描写的往往是一种静态情景，表示动作发生后事物所处的状态，试看下面的例子：When the autumn wind blows,you can see yellow leaves falling off trees.（树叶正在下落）He fell onto the fallen leaves inches thick and didnt hurt himself（落叶）There stands a p
22、ine tree,covering the entrance of the cave.（正覆盖着，表示动作）阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台We found his forehead covered with sweat.（描写满脸是汗的状态）歼灭难点训练1.()_the big snake,the little girl stood under the tree_out of her life.A.Seeing;frightened B.Seeing;frighteningC.Seen;frightened D.To see;fri
23、ghtening2.()A:Were you busy last weekend?B:Very.Rather than_time playing cards as usual,I devoted every effort to _an advertisement.A.waste;make B.wasting;making C.to waste;make D.a waste of ;making3.()The manager has had some problems_whether they should borrow the money from the banker.A.to decide
24、 B.deciding C.decided D.having decided 4.()How did you manage to get through the examination? _very hard.A.To work B.WorkingC.By working D.Work5.()What do you think of the speech?The speaker said _nothing worth_.A.nearly;listening to B.hardly;listeningC.scarcely;listening to D.almost;listening to6.(
25、)How many of us_a meeting is not important .A.attended B.attendingC.to attend D.have attended7.()I hate_their complaints all day.One of these days Ill tell them what I really think.A.paying attention to B.to talk aboutC.listening to D.to have heard8.()Nobody_any more to say,the meeting was closed.A.
26、having B.haveC.had D.has9.() _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.Exposed B.Having exposedC.Being exposed D.After being exposed10.()_all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow11.()Whats made Tommy so upset?I bel
27、ieve_the game.It shocked him so much.A.for losing B.lostC.losing D.because of losing12.()The time he has devoted in the past ten years_the disabled is now considered _of great value.阳光家教 网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台A.to help;being B.to helping;to beC.help;to be D.helping;being13.()He di
28、dnt seem to mind_TV while he was trying to study.A.he easily watches B.his easy watchingC.his easily watching D.hiseasilywatched.14.()O Neal works hard.He is often seen_heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A.sweated B.to be sweatedC.sweating D.being sweated15.()_good,the food w
29、as soon sold out.A.Tasted B.Being tastedC.Tasting D.Having tasted16.()With his son_,the old man felt unhappy.A.to disappoint B.to be disappointedC.disappointing D.being disappointed17.()Silver is the best conductor of electricity,copper_it closely.A.followed B.to follow C.following D.being followed18.()Would you mind_me the dicionary?Of couse not.But it is _my reach.A.passing;out B.passing;beyondC.to pass;far away D.to pass;out of 19.()Who gave you this message?A man_himself Mr.Zhang.A.called B.calling C.calls D.is called
