1、1Module 1 British and American English Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈现读文清障 The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say/raIt/but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced
2、in a number of ways . And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778 . As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and h
3、e felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive“American” look.not always 并不总是，表示部分否定。represent vt.代表；描写combination/k mbIneIn/n.组合；结合in a number of ways 以多种方式a little bit 稍微thanks to 幸亏，多亏graduate from 毕业于a teacher 是 Noah Webster的同位语，who引导定语从句，修饰 a teache
4、r。as a young man年轻时，注意 as不要直译为“作为” 。fight against与作斗争；为反对而斗争fight for为而斗争distinctive/dIstIktIv/adj.与众不同的look/lk/n.外观；外表；样子用作复数时，意为“相貌” 。简化拼写的人第 12 段译文在英语中单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。所以人们说/raIt/，但是拼写成 right或write，甚至 rite。字母的组合(如 ough)可能有很多发音方式，并且一些单词看上去有太多的字母。对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位 1778年毕业于耶鲁大学
5、的教师。年轻时，他就参加过反对英国的美国独立战争，并且他觉得书面英语在新独立的美国应该有明显的“美国”特色。2So he began his work on American English. His first book, TheElementarySpellingBook, suggestedsimplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the
6、most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his
7、AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage, which first appeared in 1828 . It introduced lots of new 21 22 American words, with information about their pronunciation and 23 use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised 24 the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book 25
8、 26 in the States. Today, Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.suggest doing .建议做simplify/sImplIfaI/vt.简化extremely adv.尤其，非常现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。ever 与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来” ；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候” ，用来加强语气。adopt vt.采用，采纳；领养注意形似词 adapt，意为“使适应，改编” 。silent letters不发音的字母be bes
9、t known for因而最著名原级：be well known forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先21 行词AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage。introduce vt.引进22 pronunciation n发音， pronounce 23 v发音criticise/krItIsaIz/vt.批评24 criticise sb. for sth.因某事批评某人standard/stndd/adj.标准的25 reference/refr ns/n.参考；查阅26 a reference book参考书第 35 段译文3因此他开始了美式英语
10、的工作。他的第一本书， TheElementarySpellingBook，建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到 19世纪 50年代，每年售出 100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。许多建议很快被采纳了。center 代替了 centre， program代替了 programme， flavor代替了 flavour。然而，其他的，例如去掉 island中不发音的字母 s和 examine中的最后一个字母 e，则没有被采纳。韦伯斯特最出名的是他的 AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage，这本词典在1828年首次出版。书中引进了大量新
11、的美式单词，且带有它们的发音和用法，当然也有新的拼写方式。英国人批评该词典，但是在美国它却很快成为标准的参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典对于美国学生来说依然是头号重要的词典。Read the passage The Man Who Made Spelling Simple and choose the best answers.1What is Webster best known for?A TheElementarySpellingBook.BFighting against the British.CSimplifying some English words.D AmericanDicti
12、onaryoftheEnglishLanguage.2Why did Noah Webster begin his work on American English?ABecause he graduated from Yale University.BBecause he fought against the French as a young man.CBecause he thought written English in the new country should have a distinctive “American” look.DBecause the newly indep
13、endent country had no written English.3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?AWebster was a teacher.BHe fought against the British.CHe wrote TheElementarySpellingBook.DHe led the American War of Independence.4Which of the following is NOT true?ABritish spelling seems simpler than Ameri
14、can spelling.BWebster graduated from Yale University.C AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage first appeared in 1828.D AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage is still of great use.答案：14 DCDA4一、这样记单词记得准写得对 记得快记得多.基础词汇1.rapidlyadv. 迅速地2.editionn. (广播、电视节目的)期；版3.cuteadj. 逗人喜爱的4.presentvt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)
15、5.attemptn. 努力；尝试6.distinctiveadj. 与众不同的7.lookn. 外观；外表；样子.拓展词汇1.announcementn声明；宣告announce vt.宣布；宣告2.addvt.加；增加addition n增添；添加3.simplifyvt.简化simple adj.简单的binationn组合；结合combine v使结合5.referencen参考；查阅refer v参考；查阅1.rapidly adv.迅速地同义 quickly adv.迅速地，很快地fast adj.迅速的，快速的 adv.迅速地directly adv.直接地；立即；马上swift
16、ly adv.很快地2. edition n(广播、电视节目的)期；版记法 词根 edit(编辑)tion(名词后缀)联想 盘点后缀tion 名词situation 情况；形势；处境 starvation 饿死；挨饿operation 手术 reaction 反应，感应3.distinctive adj.与众不同的联想 后缀tive 形容词荟萃attractive 吸引人的 creative 有创造性的active 活跃的 instructive 有教育意义的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语 多积常用词块51.on the air 正在广播2.get used to习惯于3.so far 迄今为止4
17、.a couple of 两三个5.pick up(偶然)学会；捡起；搭载6.wear off磨损；慢慢消失7.belong to属于8.in favour of 同意；支持9.refer to .as . 称为10.thanks to由于；幸亏，多亏1.as you know 正如你所知道的2.give your views on the subject 说明你对这个话题的观点3.most native speakers of English 大多数以英语为母语的人municate with nonnative speakers as well as native speakers和非本地人
18、交流，同样也和本地人交流5.varieties of Chinese 汉语的变体6.one fifth of the worlds population世界人口的五分之一7.a little bit easier 稍微容易些8.a standard reference book 一本标准的参考书三、这样记句式先背熟 再悟通 后仿用1.As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now . 正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面当 the way作先行词
19、且在从句中作状语时，定语从句可以用that/in which或省略关系词。You should pass the ball the_way_(that/_in_which)_I_did_it. 你应该像我那样去传球。2.Im getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent. 由于我懂得了当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。now that意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句。Now_that_you_have_grown_up,_you should not rely on your parents. 既然你已经长大了，就不应该依赖父
20、母了。3.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到 19世纪 50 年代，每年售出 100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。现在分词短语作结果状语。A violence happened in Syria, killing_many_people. 叙利亚发生了暴力冲突，死了许多人。61(教材 P7)If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use
21、it.如果凯勒姆学会当地口音，他就会开始使用它。pick up 学会；开车(接某人)；接收(节目、信号)；买到某物(尤指廉价或运气好)；改进，好转；捡起，举起写出下列句中 pick up的含义You will soon pick up after a day or two in bed.好转When living in England, he picked up some English.学会You can pick up BBC News with a shortwave radio.接收We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up
22、Susan.开车(接某人)We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.买到某物名师点津 常见的“动词up”型短语还有：put up 修建，举起，张贴 go up 上升，上涨turn up 出现，把声音调大 take up 占据give up 放弃2(教材 P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.现在再补充一些观点来支持你所选择的种类。add vt.加；增加；补充说add . to . 在中加上add to 增加；增添add up 加起来add up to
23、总计，总共有“I quite agree to your plan.” he added.他补充说：“我十分同意你的计划。 ”The bad weather only added_to our difficulties.恶劣的天气更增加了我们的困难。Will you add more sugar to the coffee?咖啡里你需要再加些糖吗？He added_up those numbers and they added_up_to 5,050.他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为 5 050。in favour of 同意；支持7Error! 帮某人一个忙Error! 请求某人帮忙in sb
24、.s favour 有利于某人Are you in favour of his opinion that British English will disappear?你赞成他的英式英语会消失的观点吗？Could you do_me_a_favour and turn off that light?请您帮忙把那盏灯关掉好吗？The new policies are in the peasants favour.新政策对农民有利。名师点津 类似 in favour of的“in名词of”结构的短语还有：in place of 代替 in charge of 负责，管理in case of 万一
25、in need of 需要in face of 面对，面临 in search of 寻找3(教材 P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.向班里其他同学陈述你的想法。present(1)vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠给present sth. to sb. 向某人提出/陈述某事；向某人颁发某物present sb. with sth. 向某人颁发/赠送某物Some girl students presented the foreign visitors with flowers/presented flowers to the fo
26、reign visitors as soon as they arrived.这些外国参观者一到达，一些女学生就向他们赠送了鲜花。(2)adj.Error!the present day/situation 现在/现状at the present time 目前be present at 出席，到场The practice has continued from medieval times to the_present_day.这种做法从中世纪时期一直延续至今。(3)n.礼物；目前for the present 就目前来说，暂时up to the present 直到现在at present
27、目前，现在Ive got enough money for_the_present,_but I must go to the bank 8tomorrow.我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。Im sorry hes out at_present.很抱歉他这会儿不在。语境串记 The boss was not satisfied with the present plan, so he asked the engineers present at the meeting to present a new one in a day.老板对当前的计划不满意，所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一天之
28、内提出一个新的计划。4(教材 P8)The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.中国人把自己的语言称为汉语，是因为该语言早在汉朝就在人们中流行了。refer to . as .称为refer to 参考，查阅；提到，涉及；与相关reference n. 提及，谈到；参考；查阅for quick/easy/further reference以便快速/容易/日后查阅reference book 参考书People who work i
29、n offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人” 。We all agreed never to refer_to_the_matter again.我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。A vocabulary index is included for_easy_reference.附有词汇索引以便查阅。名师点津 我们还学过以下表示“把看做/称为”的短语：regard . as, look on . as, treat . as, think of . as, consider . as。5
30、(教材 P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？attempt n努力；尝试 vt.试图，企图；尝试make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事at ones/the first attempt 某人第一次尝试attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的9She made an attempt to get/at getti
31、ng them on the telephone, but nobody was home.她试着与他们取得电话联系， 但家里没有人。He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at_his/the_first_attempt.当在第一次尝试中通过驾照考试时，他得意洋洋。I attempted to_speak (speak) but was told to be quiet.我试图讲话，却被告知保持安静。He was charged with attempted (attempt) robbery.他被指控犯有抢劫
32、未遂罪。辨析比较 attempt, manageattempt表示试图做某事，但不一定有结果，与 try同义，但比 try正式manage 表示设法成功做成某事选用以上单词填空They attempted to climb the steepest part of the mountain, but failed. They didnt lose heart and tried again. At last, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.6(教材 P9)For Americans things are a little bit
33、easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位 1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。thanks to幸亏，多亏(多作状语)；由于Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。Thanks_to the disease, I ha
34、ve the opportunity to improve my character.由于疾病，我有机会磨炼自己的意志。名师点津 thanks to 表原因时暗含“感激”之意，其中 to是介词。常见的其他表“原因”的短语：because of 因为，由于due to 因为，由于(作表语或状语)owing to 因为，由于(作状语)as a result of 由于on account of 由于10He had to retire because_of ill health.他因为健康问题不得不退休。Our delay was due_to the heavy traffic.我们的延误是因为
35、交通拥堵。1As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now, and todays topic is the language we speak English.正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面，今天的话题是我们所说的语言英语。本句中 the way后接定语从句，省略了引导词 that。此时 that为关系副词，相当于in which，在从句中作方式状语。(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接 in which或 that引导的定语从句，
36、也可以将关系词 in which或 that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。No one likes the way (that/in which) he treats the child.没人喜欢他对待那个孩子的方式。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。(3)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接不定式或“ofdoing sth.”的形式。Can you show us t
37、he way to keep apples?Can you show us the_way_of_keeping apples?你能教我们保存苹果的方法吗？2By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到 19世纪 50年代，每年售出 100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。(1)句中 making it one of the most popular school books ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是
38、由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。By 1820, the population of New York had grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.到 1820年，纽约的人口增长到大约 125 000人，使它成为美国最大的城市。She left the room so hurriedly, leaving (leave) the lights on for the 11whole night.她离开房间时太匆忙了，结果(忘了关灯而)让灯亮了整整一个晚上。(2)表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常
39、用逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词 thus或 therefore (因而，因此)。Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thus forming carbon dioxide.碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，这样就形成了二氧化碳。名师点津 现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果；而动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，有时为了加强语气，还在其前面加 only。He hurried to the booking office, only to_be_told (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.他匆匆去了售票
40、处，却被告知票已售完。.单句语法填空1I attempted to persuade him to change his mind, but failed at the first attempt.2Heres a tip I picked up from my mother.3He dropped the glass on the ground, breaking (break) it into pieces.4The American Indians referred to salt as “magic white sand” 5Im all in favour of equal pay
41、for equal work.6His whole school education added up to no more than one year.完成句子 1He picked_up_a_wallet on the way to picking_up_his_daughter yesterday.昨天他在接他女儿的路上捡到一个钱包。2Please add_up_the_numbers and Im sure they will add_up_to_more_than_2,000.请把这些数字加起来，我相信总数将会超过 2 000。3Its reported that thirty pe
42、ople were_present_at_the_meeting yesterday.据报道，昨天有 30人出席了会议。4It was silly of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.他在那次重要测试中查阅笔记是非常愚蠢的，结果他受到了惩罚。5It was thanks_to_Jennys_timely_help that we accomplished the task on 12time.正是由于珍妮的及时帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。6What r
43、eally matters at a debate is not what you say but the_way_(that/in_which)_you_say_it.在辩论中重要的不是你说了什么而是你说话的方式。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1The little girl is so cute (逗人喜爱的) that everyone likes her.2She has a very distinctive (与众不同的) way of walking.3A new chapter is included in the second edition (版)4
44、We would like to present (提出) some suggestions which will help settle the question.5After repeated attempts (尝试) they finally succeeded.6Try to simplify (简化) your explanation for the children.7Generations of students have learnt to repeat the standard (标准的) explanations.8He carried on the business i
45、n combination (联合) with his friends.9He criticised (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.10The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (参考) books.单句改错1Its surprising that your brother picked out Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long.outup2Youd better add
46、up to your scores and see if you have passed the exam.去掉 to3A new stadium is being built in present in our city. Work on it will complete in another two months.第一个 inat4If you come across an unknown English word, you can refer with your edictionary to find its meaning.withto135Thank to your help, I
47、got the first in the finalterm English examination.ThankThanks6The bell indicated the end of the period rang, interrupted our heated discussion.interruptedinterrupting.选词填空in favour of， belong to， thanks to， get used to， wear off， add .to， pick up， standard 1Are you in_favour_of the proposal he put
48、forward yesterday?2Thanks_to his advice, I won the first prize in the competition.3The questions in the tests are more and more flexible, and many of them dont have standard answers.4Davids health picked_up soon after a few days rest.5It took them almost a month to get_used_to the new school life.6The house belonging_to my uncle is big and bright.7The pain is slowly wearing_off and he could walk around with the help of a stick.8Why does a ship need some water to be added_to when it is unloaded?本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1They
