1、 3宋大祥(v 3 S, 071002)K1:就蜘蛛生物学的若干问题作了一些介绍和讨论 .蜘蛛是一类在进化上奇特的类群,高度发达的丝腺、丝在其生活中的广泛利用、雄蛛触肢转变为传递精子的器官等,在动物界都是独一无二的 .撇开它独特的结网行为不谈,它的求偶、争斗、育幼、学习等行为,与同为节肢动物的昆虫大相径庭,反而与高等动物有许多类似之处.在蜘蛛的生物学中这许多特点是如何在进化中形成的,其生命过程的奥秘何在,都是值得深入探讨的研究课题 .1oM:; 3; ms |:Q 959.226DS M :AcI|:1000-1565(2000)03-0209-07 3 B 5,S . x .T 354),B
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3、 ,CTB ) , ?S 7ZB 5 BtwT.1 两性异型,“矮雄”抑或“巨雌”si n,I 2, vQ f BtJ T( 7 3y ) ?n.H “ “”(dwarf males),8 AlI.“”BM UV,1 4 t_8Ml, T Ivl1 , * l :2000-07-15Te: vV(1935), 3, ,S S V,v q,1V Y,. V 20 3 v(1 S) Vol .20 No.32000 M9Journal of Hebei University Sep.2000vlM, V ? 3,? 3I, B f N w *“d =“”I . V ? y ( 1 FQ ) % I
4、 .3 捕食行为 J HBO, 88C, A P =. v ,55210v(1 S) 2000 MVa J, A, 7) | J. | J H5 J 8A, hA,| Fh(8h), 8 =. Q ; VY J.,;Q V f ,7 Vn;Q 9F Vn, P $7E 7,“, )“Y Vn,y7w;vHq/#Hq/ . S : fArgiope keyserlingi;L/(90 lx) /Z, TI.,5E%I ,9E|( I 3 d.I1Q I 3 d , V ? I ( b, V I Q 26 . o S iLatrodectus revivensis3 vV: 3211.0 H, (
5、 77 =I , 5 7 g),V7 VE 0 27 .,I V .5 争斗行为W、, 8,( b/. K , p TM, V ?y EO Z I ; K,5T p T AuY,1 (J I,O 6B?T.W9 V ? . .1 M$.,E 28 .W, ; U yV( ,#KTrite auricoma0 -1-S( ,dM .6 求偶行为p ! , T _IV 1- IK $,1BO P ! s. .I9 p T.I ! s , 9V.I,B5TIH, .I s,L 7)_;9, ,%_ w,YV(_I p, S. ,IKBQz +?, ? 3 , s sI ), 60 80 cm =,
6、? T. p ,( $、 $、 j $. Lycosa rabida?CIV,S p ( : - ,(, 2(B B/T T, ;BH - - %, b/ Q, /;( ,7? 9 ?P 2.2 YV“ ,? . %Z - ,TT15 s, A AI.(? 25 s,I - Us,Y_) J. J, y =V , 7) . T Q F,5 . ? JF uY,y 3 q1v.5 N, B( _ , ,? .o S J, ,q . T T,5B, y“.t , Cheiracanthium japonicum .51-T J. oX36 000v20Q. Xh J 2)M t ;3) ?T, J
7、. ,r s) .d“PAgelena consociata . $ 3Bf . 1 , s (_,B L,$b. V ? t VO8,y$Y A!V,v“$T , !+s. B, s , .( , 3 PAgelena labyrinthicaM“P )9 ? M).“P、 J、 | JZ ? T. T l(1 cm),B , B 7) Z; J;v,5+x ,B 7)( Xsx). J. 3 3i ,VC: q、 3 ; p ; q; x h , “P12 x,7 3 PBQ50 100 x.K S dPortia J 3. d J H u JB“, -B . e dP .fimbriat
8、a( “ (=)$ J( K) ?C,yK j z,y7 JKr q I. =,y (X v, JKr q9 I29 .N Vn, e d4 J NZ M(.9 学习行为KPhidippus audaxX$ ? . :1)V“T” 4Q LK,1 L ? ys 7 J;2)S Sb V4Q ,“13 vV: 3213 L ? ys J, ? JM “;3) ?Q P7 ,V ? aT30 . J、1991(12):12-14. 18 +, vV. SNJ .,1999(1):55-62. 19 CODDINGTON J A.The role of homology and convergenc
9、e in studies of adaptation A .In:Linnean Society of London.Phyloge_neticus and EcologyC .London: s.n. ,1994.53-78. 20 PIEL W H.The ecology sexual dimorphism in three species of Metepeira (Araneae:Araneidae) A .In:MAHNERT V.Abstract ofthe XIII International Congress of ArachnologyC .Geneve: s.n. ,199
10、5.42. 21 FOELIX R F.Biology of spiders M .Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1982.1-306. 22 FORSTER R R.The spiders of New Zealand:Part.IM .Dunedin:Otago Museum Bulletin No.1, 1967.1-124. 23 BERENDONCK B, LUBIN Y.Where dose he get stuck?Position of the male embolus tip in the female genitalia after
11、copulation inLatrodectus revivensis(Theridiidae)A .In:VAN DERMERWE.Abstract of the XIV International Congress of Arachnology C .Chicago: s.n. ,1998.48. 24 HERBERSTEIN M E.The effect of light level and background color on web construction in Argiope keyserlingi (Araneae:Aranei_dae) A .In:VAN DER MERW
12、E.Abstract of the XIV International Congress of Arachnology C .Chicago: s.n. ,1998.19. 25 VANDER TUUK C, PASCOE F.A comparative study of spider and insect metabolic ratesA .In:VAN DER MERWE.Abstractof the XIV International Congress of ArachnologyC .Chicago: s.n. ,1998.62. 26 EREZ T.Conflict over mat
13、ing and female counter-strategies in the spider Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae) A .In:VAN DERMERWE.Abstract of the XIV International Congress of Arachnology C .Chicago:s .n. ,1998.15. 27 KROEGER D E.Sexual selection inthe colonial spider Metepeira incrassata (Araneae, Araneidae)A .In:VAN DER MERWE.A
14、bstract of the XIV International Congress of Arachnology C .Chicago:s .n. ,1998.22. 28 DODSON G N.Crab spider fights:the influences of leg autotomy, body size and experienceA .In:MAHNERT V.Abstract ofthe XIII International Congress of ArachnologyC .Geneve: s.n. ,1995.14. 29 POLLARD S D, JACKSON R R.
15、Palp friction:sexual selection and foraging costs A .In:VAN DER MERWE.Abstract of theXIV International Congress of Arachnology C .Chicago:s .n. ,1998.30. 30 POPSON.Learning in Phidippus audax(Salticidae) A .In:VAN DER MERWE.Abstract of the XIV International Congressof Arachnology C .Chicago: s.n. ,1
16、998.30.Biology of SpidersSONG Da_xiang(College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract:Spiders are a group of particularly intriguing creatures.The achievements of spiders can well competewith those of crustaceans and insects, and the natural history of spiders has been stu
17、died by arachnologists abroad sincelong ago.The present paper gives a brief introduction of current knowledge on some aspects of the biology in spiders,such as foraging strategies, learning behavior, courtship and agonistic behavior, and social life etc.The biology of spi-ders differs from that of insects and other invertebrates, and seems to be closer to that of vertebrates.We hope that theinformation and suggestion given here will be useful to promote the studies in this research field in China.Key words:spider;biology;insect(3 I :u )3 vV: 3215
