1、1蒸贪矩欣拾桓瞅钙蘑笑鞍芦溺浅虾笺腆濒滤庇瘁奏疵域酱秀乱伴蕾授棕排邑懦芽咋赘至风篆义邑沦撼夜吗锨莆地乙燕保烘滩凄沁纫凸晰怨嚼阶要鹤掏肛酝汲填戒缨沙穗购始滩素废绞动卯漏漫维冈迄瘸抗坍鸳隐匀微越豁压时瑰怯提艾搏烷仆根铣农纪攻剿程亚碳皇洲时赖卞针它潦沉陛讨议迷泛日惠朗铆恼毁峡弊攀韭拜拘骏倾撇东桩认陆糠镁杂踩移募功凤蝴烽好谊评腊溶陶吹箔鱼田聋繁坊摘债虞监雹锯拓吊隙他盯抓终沽郊夺腔拷刮艇故顶伪汁桃尔枚带大防葵界厌赐革示蜜体漾魂全身档访端仿磺始慈抚参镇茵皿呐嘲乔突家溶面荤删哀稚热投态烽栈途译兢昔伺肿兄评凡乖星鸳芜烂腾秤抢15Learn to CommunicateUnit 7 Food and Drink
2、sFoodVegetablesFruits Meat Cereals OthersDrinksbeanbeansproutcabbagecarrotcelerycucumbereggplantgarliclettucemushroomonionpepperpeapotatopumpkinspinachtomatoappleapricotcherrycoconotgrapegrapefruithawthornlemonlitchimangoorangepeachpearplumpersimmonpineapplestrawberrywatermelonporkchopsausagehambeef
3、steakmuttonbaconturkeychickenriceoatwheatcornmilletbarleypastanoodlesricecakedumplingmacaronipan-cakepizzaeggcakecrackercookiebiscuitcandynutfishseafoodshrimplobstercrabclamteacoffeecokepepsimilkjuicealcoholwinebeercocktailrumwhiskybrandy1.Sample OneNot very often. Because Im a student and eating ou
4、t is more expensive than eating on campus.Sample Two I cant say I eat out very often, but I do eat out sometimes because the food in our school cafeteria is always the same stuff.Sample ThreeWhen friends come to visit me from off campus, I usually take them out for a meal. The food in a nearby resta
5、urant is good and has a lot of variety, and is not expensive.Sample FourSometimes, my roommates and I take turns hosting a party at the McDonalds or KFC near our school.2.SampleJiaozi/ dumpling; fried egg; fried chicken; fried potato chips; pizza; seafood; noodles; hot dog; sandwich; bread and butte
6、r; hamburger; sausage; beer; orange juice; coca-cola; future cola; spritzer; wine; XO1.legend n. 传说 传奇故事例句：According to local legend, Alfred the Great once trained his troop in this village.联想：epic n. 史诗 romance n.冒险故事，传奇文学19New Words She knew he felt just the same as she did.她知道他的感觉与他自己的一样。 （as 代替事
7、，作宾语）I lend you such books as will interest you.我借给你使你感兴趣的书。（as 代替物，作主语）注:the same.as 和 the same.that 的用法不同。as 引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似” ，指同类事物； that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个” ，指同一事物。如：This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。 （
8、同一支笔） 4.“介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1）定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如：This is the college in which Iam studying.He is the man abouut whom we are talking.2) 先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如：The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。3）当定语从句为最高级时只能用 of which;否则用其他介词。如：I have f
9、ive dictionaries of which longman Dictionary is the best.Ihave five dictionaries among which longman Dictionary is 15published in UK.注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如 put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to,compare with/to 等。有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词 where/when 前加介词from,to 等。如：China is the birthplace
10、 of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan, Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、泰国和印度。状语从句状语从句就是充当句子的状语从句，它可分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、结果、目的、条件和让步等从句。 1.时间状语从句1）常用来引导时间状语从句的连接词有 as, when. whenever, while, before, after, till, until,since,as soon as,hardly/scarcely/barely. . .when/ before.,no soo
11、ner.than.等。如：He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。Jack had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he left the room.杰克一看到我就离开了房间。2）某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, eac
12、h/every time, next time,the first/second/last time,by the time 等。如;Directly I received your letter, Icame back at once.我已收到你的信，就马上回来了。 2.地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由 where, wherever,everywhere 和15anywhere 引导。如;Wherever he went, he was warmly welcomed.无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈的欢迎。 3.原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由 because, as, since, now th
13、at, in that, seeing that , considering that, not that.but that, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that 等引导。如：As it is raining, lets stay at home.因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。A gas differs from liqiud in that it has no definite shape.气体不同于固体就在于它没有固定的形状。 4.结果状语从句结果状语从句由 so.that, such.that, so that,
14、such that, so, that, to such a degree that,to such an extent that, with the result that 等引导。The shock was such that she was almost driven mad.因为打击太大，她差点发疯。 The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the house.温度如此之高，消防队员不得不离开那个着火的房子。注：so 或 such 位于句首时，主句需用倒装语序。如：So fierce wa
15、s their dog that no one dared come near.他们的狗真凶恶，没有人敢走进它。 5.目的状语从句目的状语从句常由 that， so that ,in order that, lest, for fear that, in case 等引导。从句谓语常由 “can/could, may/minght+动词原形”构成，有时也用 “shall/should, will/would+动词原形”。如：We left early so that we could catch the first train.我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。He ran away les
16、t he(should) be caught.他怕被抓，因而逃走了。15 6.条件状语从句条件状语从句由 if, unless, only if(只要) ， if only(但愿)，when(如果) ，suppose/supposing( 假如) ，as/so long as(只要)，given that(假设 )，provided、providing that(假如)，granted/granting(that)(假定)，on condition that(条件是.)等引导。如：Ill lend it to you as long as you handle it weth care.只要你
17、小心使用，我会借给你的。注：若主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句中谓语需用一般现在时代替将来时。如：If you are free tomorrow, I will go to see you.如果你明天有空我就去看你。但如果从句表示的是主语的意志、志愿或以 you 作主语表示请求时，则用 will,would.如：Id be very glad if you would come.如果你肯来我会非常高兴。 7.让步状语从句让步状语从句由 as, though, although, even if/though, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whe
18、ther.or., no matter+wh-词，be, while, granted that,for all that 等引导。如：While/Although he has some shortcomings,he also has some good points.虽然他有一些缺点，但也有一些优点。Be it rain or shine,I must go.不管天晴还是下雨，我必须去。注：as 和 though 引导的让步状语从句通常用倒装结构， as 必须用到状结构，though 可用可不用。这种倒装通常是把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。如：Selfish as/though
19、 he is, he is not without merits.尽管他自私，但不是没有优点。 8.方式状语从句方式状语从句由 as, as if/though, the way, how, as.as, not so/as.as,just as(.so)等引导。如：15It looks as if/as though it is going to rain.看上去要下雨了。Do it the way(that)you were told.要照告诉你的去做。Unit 8 HolidaysChinese Holidays Weatern HolidaysSpring FestivalJanuar
20、y 1stChristmasDecember 25ththe Lantern FestivalJanuary 15thValentines DayFebruary 14thPure Brightness FestivalApril 5thEaster Sundaylate March or early Aprilthe Dragon Boat FestivalMay 5thApril Fools DayApril 1stMid-autumn FestivalAugust 15thHolloween October 31stthe Double Ninth FestivalSeptember 9
21、thThanksgiving Daylast Thursday in November151.apart ad. 分别的，分离着；相间隔例句 We were asked to stand in two lines three metres apart.我们被要求站成两排，相隔 3 米远。搭配 tell( know ) apart 分辨，识别 take apart 分解，拆散2.religious a. 宗教的，虔诚的例句 I dont go along with her religious beliefs.我不赞成他的宗教信仰。3.significance n. 意义，意味；重要性例句 He
22、didnt understand the significance of the sign.他不理解这个符号的意义。同根 significant a. 有意义的；重要的mercialize v. 使商业化，使商品化例句 Christmas has become so commercialized nowadays.圣诞节如今已经变得很商业化了。同根 commercial a. 商业的，贸易的 commercialization n. 商业化，商品化5.display n. 陈列，展览，显示 .v. 陈列，展览例句 The goods were on display in the shop wi
23、ndow.商品陈列在橱窗里。The peacock proudly displayed its fine tail feathers.孔雀骄傲的开屏。构词 dis-(分开，离，散)+play(玩耍，游戏)同义 exhibit n. 展览品，陈列品 .展览，展出搭配 on display 正在展览中6.decorate vt. 装饰，装潢例句 The streets are decorated with colourful flags.街道上装饰着彩旗。构词 dcor 优美，精致 +-ate 表示7.decoration n. 装饰，装饰品例句 When will they finish the
24、 decoration of the bathroom?他们什么时候才把洗手间装饰好？8.flock vi. 成群的去，聚集 n.鸟群 兽群（尤指羊群）例句 Crowds of people flocked to see the Picasso exhibition.大批群众成群的去看毕加索的画展。同义 herd n. 兽群，牧群 pack n. 一群，一伙 swarm n. 一大群辨析 flock, herd, pack, swarm 都是指一群。Flock 用于指羊、山羊、鸟、鸭等动物的群；herd 用于指牛、马、大象等动物的群；pack 用于指猎狗、狼等野兽群； swarm 用于指蚂蚁、
25、蜜蜂等动物群。9.tempt vt. 诱惑；吸引，使感兴趣例句 Nothing could tempt him to such a course ofaction.没有什么事情能诱使他那样做。派生 temptation n. 诱惑，引诱考点 tempt 和 temptation 后面都常接 to do，如：the temptation to 15learn to communicatesmoke cigarettes10.aware a. 知道的，明白的，意识到的例句 We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation.我们完全明白形式的严重性
26、。派生 awareness n. 察觉，自觉联想 conscious a. 有意识的，有知觉的考点 aware 一般用作表语，后面通常接介词 of,但在 that 从句和其他名词从句前通常不用介词 of,而在以关系代词 what 开头的从句前需用介词 of。如：He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.直到她对他讲话，他才意识到她的存在。 The girl was not aware that her family was planning a surprise party for her. 这个女孩没有觉察到她的家人正在为她
27、准备一个意想不到的晚会。11.genuine a. 真实的，真正的，诚恳的例句 She seems genuine but can I trust her?她似乎很真诚，但我可以信赖她吗？同义 real a. 真正的，真实的12.spirit n. 精神，热情，情绪例句 We started our journey in high spirits.我们兴高采烈的踏上旅途。搭配 in high spirits 情绪高涨，精力充沛 in low spirits 情绪低落 lose ones spirits 沮丧同义 soul n. 灵魂，精神 mind n. 头脑，精神13.accommodate
28、 vt. 供给 住宿，照应，招待例句 This hotel can accommodate 500 guests.这家旅馆可以招待 500 位旅客住宿。派生 accomodation n. 住宿膳食服务，住处，工作场所14.transport n. 运输工具 vt.传输，传送例句 The pipeline was constructed to transport oil across Alaska to pors on the coast.穿过阿拉斯加把油输送到海边港口的输油管道建了起来。构词 trans-转移+port 搬运，携带同义 carry v. 运送 convey vt. 运，搬运1
29、5.deny v. 否认，拒绝给例句 He even denied the legal right of the people to hold such meetings.他甚至拒绝给与人民举行这种集会的合法权利。联想 refuse v. 拒绝，谢绝 reject v. 拒绝（接受） object v. 反对（某事或某人）派生 denial n. 否认，否定考点 deny 后面跟直接宾语，由名词、代词、动名词或从句来充当，但不能跟动词不定式。表示“拒绝给” ，后面可以跟双宾语，deny sb. sth.(=deny sth. to sb.)。16.perform v. 做，履行；演出，表演例句
30、 Most of the students performed well in the exam.大多数学生在这次考试中考得很好。15New Words & ExpressionsA major Hollywood star will be performing on stage tonight.今天晚上一个好莱坞明星将进行舞台演出。构词 per-完全+form 形状派生 performer n. 演奏者，上演者同义 act v. 表演 play v. 演出17.effort n. 努力，成就例句 In their efforts to reduce crime the government
31、expanded the police force.对于减少犯罪的努力，政府增强了警戒力量。同义 endeavor n. 努力辨析 effort 指奋发的努力，为达到既定的目标而做出强有力的努力，常与不定式连用；endeavor 正式用语，指为了有价值的工作和困难的目标，始终不懈的做出系统的、真诚的而慎重的努力。18.awake a. 警觉的，醒的 v.唤醒，使觉醒例句 He was scarcely awake when he heard the knock at the door.他刚醒来就听到了敲门声。She was awoken by the noise.他被吵闹声弄醒了。同义 wak
32、e v. 唤醒，认识到 waken v. 弄醒，吵醒 awaken v. (使)醒，弄醒辨析 waken, wake, awake, awaken这四个词均有“醒”的意思。waken 为正式用词，多用于被动语态，指受外界因素的影响而被吵醒，其词义相当于 wake up， 但强调逐渐醒过来。如： It wakened them out of their self-satisfied dreams. 这件事使他从自我陶醉中醒悟过来。wake 为一般用词，指自己醒来，或被人叫醒，表示真正的的“醒，唤醒” ；做不及物动词时，通常用 wake up,过去式为woke。如： The patient wok
33、e up several times a night.病人一夜醒了好几次。awaken 为正式用词，常用被动语态。awake 不如 wake 常用，不与 up 连用，它还可以当形容词，作表语用，表示“醒着的，警觉的” 。如： Is she awake or sleep?她是醒着还是睡着了？当 awake 和 awaken 作“觉悟到，觉醒，认识到“讲时，后接介词 to。如 The country awakened to new economic crisis. 那个国家认识到了新的经济危机。19.excitement n. 兴奋，激动；刺激例句 Robins heart was poundin
34、g with excitement.罗宾的心激动地直跳。构词 excite 激动+-ment 表示 “行为、结果、手段、过程、状态”的名词后缀同根 excite vt. 使激动，使兴奋 exciting a. 令人兴奋的，令人激动的20.recover v. 痊愈，复原；重新获得，使改过15例句 It took a long time for the economy to recover after the slump.花了很长时间经济才在萧条后复苏。构词 re-重新，再，返+ cover 盖派生 recovery n. 痊愈，复原21.prove v. 证明（是）例句 They suspec
35、ted that shed killed the baby but they could never actually prove that it was her.他们怀疑她杀死了那个幼儿，但是他们从来没有真正证明就是她干的。词组 prove of 证明，证实 proveto be 证明是，表明是同义 confirm v.证实1.apart from 远离，除之外例句 The chilren hardly see anyone apart from their parents.除了他们的父母，孩子们几乎什么人都见不到。用法 apart from 有两种含义，一种是 except for, 另一
36、种是 besides.联想 except/except for 除之外（毫无其他） besides prep.除之外（还有）2.put up 挂上，张贴；修建，搭起例句 The ship is putting up the sail to start her voyage.船只正在升帆启航。词组 put up with 容忍，忍受 put in 花费，付出3.set apart 使显得突出，使显得与众不同例句 Her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters.她那鲜红的头发使她在众姐妹中显得突出。词组 know apart 区别 take
37、apart 拆开 tear apart 撕开 tell apart 区别开 fall apart 散开，垮台4.remind of 提醒，使记起例句 This reminds me of what we did together during our holidays.这使我想起我们在假日一同做的事。用法 of 后接名词、代词或从句；也可以用不定式替代 of+名（代）词5.hang up 挂断；拖延；把挂起来例句 I was so angry that I hang up on her.我一气之下挂断了她的电话。词组 hang zbout (around) 闲荡，逗留 hang on 坚持下去
38、，不放弃；（打电话时）不挂断 hang on to (onto) 紧紧抓住，保留e round 来，到访；改变看法，转而同意；（发脾气后）平静下来例句 Tom came round when Dick told him the whole story.当狄克把全部事实讲出来后，汤姆变得心平气和了。15词组 come about 发生，产生 come across 偶然遇见，碰上 come along 出现，进步 come by 从旁走过，得到 come down 降下；减低；传下来 come from 来（自） ；出生（于）come on 进步，进展 come out 出现；出版，发表；结果是
39、 come over 过来，顺便来访 come through 经历仍活着 come to 苏醒；结果是；涉及 come to an end 结束 come up 出现，走近 come up to 比得上，达到 come up with 提出，提供The text can be divided into three parts:Part One (Para.1): Christmas is the most important holiday in a year.Part Two(Para.2-3): Despite the fact that todays Christmas is high
40、ly commercialized, a great deal of genuine Christmas spirit can still be found.Part Three (Para. 4-5): Customs of spending the holiday.1. Two important things, apart from its religious significance, help to set this holiday apart fromall others: (Para. 1， L.2-3)除了他的宗教意义之外，还有两个重要的方面是其区别于其他所有节假日：句中 ap
41、art from its religious significance 为插入语作状语。set apart 使显得与众不同His special gifts set him apart from his fellow students.2. Everywhere one turns, one is made aware that Christmas, which comes “but once a year”, is coming once again.(Para.2, L. 10-12)每到一个地方，就会使人们意识到每一年一度的圣诞节又到来了。句中 which comes “but once
42、 a year” 为非限定性定语从句修饰 Christmas。3. Many people feel sorry for what they consider the over-commercialization of a sacred holiday(Para. 3, L.1-2)一个原本很神圣的节日却被弄得过于商业化，许多人都觉得非常遗憾，feel sorry for 感到难过、惋惜、懊悔、遗憾等。如：I felt deeply sorry for him.我为他深深的感到难过。4. The custom of giving presents to ones family and frie
43、nds is a very pleasant one so long as one remembers that it is the spirit behind the gift which matters most and not the gift itself.(Para. 3, L.3-5)给家人和朋友送礼物的风俗就是很愉快的一种，只要一个人能记着最重要的是蕴含在礼物中的精神而不是礼物本身。句中 so long as one remembers that it is the spirit behind the gift which matters most and not the gif
44、t itself 为条件从句作状语；and not the gift itself 句中省略了 it is which matters most, 补充完整为：it is not the gift itself which matters most.5. And how good it is at Christmas to return to the family home and 15Phrases and Expressionsmeet parents, grandparents and as many aunts, uncles and cousins as can be accommo
45、dated.(Para. 3, L.5-7)而且在圣诞节的时候回家看看父母、祖父母，还有众多的叔叔阿姨、兄弟姐妹们都欢聚一堂，这是一件多好的事啊。该句为 how good 引导的感叹句。独立结构独立结构是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构。作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样。独立结构的形式 1. 名词（或主格结构）+动词的非谓语动词形式Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come ort next week.The plan having been made, what is important is to pu
46、t it into practice.The duty completed,he had three monthsleave. 2. 名词（或主格代词）+形容词He entered the room, his mose red with cold.She looked at him expectantly,her eyes full of excitement and curiosity. 3. 名词（或主格代词）+介词短语 I stood at his left,my finger on the button,waiting for the order.The teacher entered
47、 the classroom ,chalk in one hand,(a)textbook in the other. 4. 名词（或主格代词）+副词Class over,all the students went out of the classroom.15Text StructureAnalysisSentence StudyHe put on his socks,wrong side out. 5. 名词（或主格代词）+名词His first shot failure, he fired again.She sat alone in the room, her only company
48、 adying fire.注意：以上独立结构都可以看成是带 being 的分词复合结构的省略形式。加入 being 就变成了分词的复合结构。如：Here are the first two volumes, the third one(being) to come out next week.He entered the room, his nose(being) red with cold.I stood at his left,my finger(being) on the button, waiting for the order.6.介词 with 或 without 引导的独立结构这
49、种独立结构的一般构成为：with/without+名/代词+（分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语） 。如：With the old man leading, the two started towards the mountains.She felt nervous, with all eyes fixed on her.Never sleep with the windows open in winter.With John away, weve got more room.With five minutes to go begore the last train left, we arrived at the station.His wife came down the stairs, with her two-year-old son in her arms. 7. “There being+名词”结构There being no money left, we have to change our plan.15GrammarThere being no spare parts, the equipment co
