1、英语专业精读 2 答案五、课后练习答案Pre-class Work3. Learn the rules of word-building. Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary. (P40)1) Give the nouns of the following verbs and adjectives.(1) dignity (6) fright (11) intimacy (16) terror(2) refusal (7) service (12) absurdity (17) pride(3) embarrassment (8) solution (13)
2、ridicule(4) smash (9) glimpse (14) maturity(5) sympathy (10) surrender (15) miracle2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following adjectives.All these adjectives can be used as verbs except the following:quick (quicken) short (shorten) wide (widen) thick (thicken)cold (freeze, chill, cool) hot (he
3、at) silent(silence) full (fill)sure (assure, ensure) sharp (sharpen) high (heighten, raise) low (lower)dark (darken) light (lighten) sad (sadden) weak (weaken)strong (strengthen) long (lengthen) angry (anger)3) Translate the following using your acquired rules of word-building.(1)打开门锁 脱下婴儿的衣服 解开绳结解开
4、外衣纽扣 卸下船上的货 拉开夹克的拉链 打开瓶塞 拔掉收音机的电源 打开行李(2)预订一张票 浇花 墙上糊上墙纸混水摸鱼 率领一个代表团 拔园中的草面对现实 肩负责任 用刀捅一个老人主持一次会议 用好奇的眼光看人 刮去鱼鳞狼吞虎咽地吃东西 骑自行车上学 来回乘公共汽车跟踪某人 将酒装瓶 火箭般迅速掌权More Work on the Text Vocabulary1Translate(P44)1)From English into Chinese(1)经营一家五金店 (11)同情穷人(2)给顾客赊账过多 (12)弄到一些酒(3)拒绝赊账 (13)喝了几口啤酒(4)忍受炎热 (14)雇一个助手(
5、5)忍受侮辱 (15)活跃气氛(6)负责指挥这支军队 (16)打败敌人 7)打碎窗户 (17)啪的一下把一个东西放在桌上(8)变得不名分文 (18)使客人感到难堪(9)编一个故事 (19)把某人吓了一跳(10)避免张扬 (20)向黑暗中奋力游去2) From Chinese into English.(1) My father was down and out at that time.(2) We can go there either by train or by air. Its up to you.(3) The police officer decided that the two
6、men hanging around the bank at this hour were up to no good.(4) OK, the game is up. You are under arrest.(5) Now, time is up. You must stop here.(6) You are up early. Its not yet six.(7) She is not in Beijing at the moment. She has been away for almost two weeks.(8) Where are you off to? Dont you kn
7、ow that there is an English movie on this afternoon?(9) When the cat is away, the mice will play.(10) There was always laughter in the house when my father was about/around.(11) Nearly a quarter of our class were down with the flu.(12) We were down to the last 500 yuan. We had to raise a loan from t
8、he bank.2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P44)1) Give synonyms.(1) ridiculous, silly, foolish, stupid, idiotic, laughable(2) hut, shack, tool-house, outbuilding(3) major, main, leading, principal, key, outstanding(4) comical, funny, ridiculous, absurd, laughable, amusing(5) wasting ti
9、me, being lazy, doing nothing, being idle, killing time(6) bankrupt, penniless, impoverished(7) dignity, self-respect, honor, self-esteem(8) to defeat, to beat, to conquer, to overcome(9) close, intimate, familiar, friendly, inseparable, devoted(10) to break into pieces, to shatter, to destroy(11) t
10、o scare, to make afraid, to terrorize, to horrify, to shock(12) to stick, to hold fast, to hang on to, to hold on to2) Give antonyms.(1) noisy, talkative, chatty, lively, excited(2) distant, formal, remote(3) tragedy, serious play, high drama(4) grateful, thankful, friendly, pleasant, amiable, appre
11、ciative(5) cash(6) interesting, exciting(7) lasting, permanent, long-lived(8) loudly, loud, noisily(9) uncertain, doubtful, unconvinced(10) sober(11) dressed, clothed, covered3. Translate. (P45)1) Their discussion covered all the important issues of mutual interest.2) The World Fair to be held in Sh
12、anghai next year covers an area of about 200,000 square meters.3) The higher they climbed, the more difficult it became. At one time, they only covered 5 meters in four hours.4) That school charges the students about three thousand yuan a year. But that does not cover food and lodging.5) That terrib
13、le sand storm left the whole city covered with a thick layer of dust.6) These papers showed how their manager tried to cover up the financial crisis of the company.7) I still remember those days when the bike was considered the most important piece of family property.8) We must always remember not t
14、o waste our limited water resources.9) I remember going to that place once. It was so dry that a well could be nearly 1,300 feet deep.10) He was so absorbed in his work that he often did not even remember to eat his meals.11) Even to this day I still remember my mother mending my clothes until late
15、at night.12) You cant get it on credit. You have to pay cash.13) We regard all our former students, not just a few celebrities, as the credit to our university.14) European Culture is a three-credit course conducted in English.15) People used to give credit to Columbus for the discovery of the New C
16、ontinent.16) So how did our new boss strike you? He seemed quite a nice guy to me.17) After some 50 years I revisited my home village and I was struck by the great changes that had taken place.18) There have been fewer strikes in recent years since the new labor law came into effect.19) Wu Song stru
17、ck the tiger again and again with his massive fist.5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word. (P46)1) D. 3) A. 5) A./B. 7) D. 9) A. 11) A. 13) B. 15) A.2) A. 4) D. 6) D. 8) B. 10) C. 12) C. 14) D.6. Translate. Pay attention to the idiomatic use of “up”. (P47)1) Time is up. He is up already. Th
18、e economy is up by 10%. It is up to you.2) Lift it up. Pick it up. Pull it up. Take it up. Stick it up. Dig it up.Hang it up. Roll it up. Wrap it up. Fold it up. Cover it up. Link it up.Clean it up. Dry it up. Heat it up. Turn it up. Wind it up. Pile it up.Check it up. Burn it up. Start it up. Add i
19、t up. Divide it up. Cut it up.Break it up. Tidy it up.3) Eat it up. Drink it up. Finish it up.7. Translate, with special attention to the different meanings of the same word, or words which happen to have the same spelling. (P47)1)她危险期已过，现在情况已经平稳。2)他对医院里的有些医生非常有意见，说他们又愚蠢又不负责任。3)火车突然硬生生地停了下来。4)由于他又赌又
20、嫖，最后他不名分文。5)那传令兵跌断了腿，一位老农民把他藏在马厩里。6)那位将军有做事非常有条理的习惯。7)穆斯林戒斋的时候，他们不吃东西，只喝水。8)当他醒来的时候，发现他的狗在舔他的伤口。9)当时一般的意见是敌人已经被打败。10)那张画已牢牢地贴在墙上。11)银行说他们在呆账问题上没有向人们说谎。12)有些年轻人正坐在河边的草地上，听着鸟的歌唱。13)她对她的儿子十分担心，因为他和一些游手好闲的二流子打得火热。14)他脑子有点发木，过了相当一会儿才弄明白究竟是怎么回事。15)战斗已基本结束，但有时还能听到零星的枪声。16)我们把希望寄托在她的身上，希望她能获得铅球金牌。17)司机不承认喝了
21、白酒，他说他只喝了几口淡啤酒。18)她是国家篮球队的队员。她投篮特准。8. Choose the best word or phrase in brackets for each blank. (P48)(1) This (4) hardship (7) purity (10) at (13) part(2) gave (5) honored (8) never (11) Yet (14) remembering(3) like (6) day (9) innocent (12) seen (15) somethingMore Work on the Text Grammar1. Unders
22、tand grammar in context. (P49)1) Identify participles or participle phrases and point out their grammatical function in each of these sentences.(1) hired from a livery stable: past participle phrase as attribute(2) listening to his stories: present participle phrase as adverbial(3) licked: past part
23、iciple as object complement(4) riding by: present participle as attribute(5) all covered with mud: past participle phrase as predicative(6) visiting around at farmhouses: present participle phrase as adverbial(7) not leaving us a cent for food: negative present participle phrase as adverbial(8) spea
24、king to a woman in our street: present participle phrase as object complement(9) thinking his wife was dead: present participle phrase as adverbial(10) reading by the kitchen table: present participle phrase as adverbial modifying “alone in the house”(11) not saying a word: present participle phrase
25、 as adverbial(12) followed by thunder: past participle phrase as attribute modifying “flashes of lightning”(13) taking my hand：present participle phrase as adverbial(14) clinging to him in the darkness: present participle phrase as attribute modifying “the boy”(15) knowing that I would never again b
26、e wanting another father：present participle phrase as adverbial(16) seeing my father in a different way and relating to him as a friend: two present participle phrases as object complement2) Study the tense of the italicized verbs and point out the concept each expresses.(1) past continuous tense wi
27、th adverbs of frequency denoting a habitual action, especially an annoying one(2) the same as in (1)；the habitual past(3) all four verbs in the past continuous tense denoting an action that was going on at a particular moment in the past(4) the habitual past(5) the habitual pasts；“would” is a modal
28、verb expressing “willingness”(6) same as in (1)(7) the first four verbs in the habitual past；“would have + past participle”, here “(I)d have believed”, is the tense form of the main verb in an unreal conditional sentence when the conditional clause is in the past perfect tense.(8) same as in (1)(9)
29、(there) would be：the habitual past(10) future-in-the-past continuous tense with an adverb of frequency expressing a future-in-the-past habitual action, especially an annoying one2. Practice using participles. (P50)1) Rewrite the sentences using participles where possible.(1) They talked to her for a
30、 good hour, trying to persuade her to stay on.(2) Reading the book again, she discovered that she had missed a lot in the first reading.(3) Anything grown in new ground like this has a better flavor.(4) All those wishing to participate in the seminar must sign up by Friday.(5) Here the relative clau
31、se “who spoke to MBA students of the university yesterday” cannot be replaced by “speaking to.” because a present participle expresses either a habitual action or an action that is going on at the moment of speaking or was going on at a specific moment in the past.(6) Films produced by a group of yo
32、ung Chinese directors are gaining acceptance worldwide.(7) Encouraged by the success of his fellow swimmers, he decided to go for the gold medal.(8) The runners reached their destination, utterly exhausted.(9) It was Harley, who entered, looking dirty and tired, carrying a suitcase and an umbrella.(
33、10) The young woman talking with Professor Liu is a Ph. D. candidate.(11) When the news reached them, they stared at each other, puzzled, troubled.(12) Stunned by the charges against their country, they walked out of the conference.(13) In those days of loneliness, he would often sit by the window a
34、nd look out, hoping that someone would come to see him.(14) The first prize of the singing contest went to a young Danish woman studying Chinese literature at Peking University.(15) The football fans went home, greatly disappointed by the performance of their favorite team.(16) Having taken the inju
35、red boy and his parents to hospital, the taxi driver left quietly.2) Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets, using participles as complement.(1) her name called(2) herself understood(3) him flying(4) came running (here “running” is used as an adverbial)(5) badly damaged in an
36、earthquake last year(6) going in and out of, their hair done(7) used in ordinary speech(8) the potatoes peeled and the table laid(9) them informed of(10) had his garden producing(11) the wolf sitting still(12) thousands of wooden houses ruined3. Complete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets
37、 into the proper tense form. (P51)1) never complains 3) are constantly forgetting2) is always singing although they have known that what he was said is not true. As the narrators mother said “Life is never dull when my man is about.”Thats narrators father. Its a person who loved his son but misunder
38、stood by his son. Fortunately, after a rainy day swimming, the son discovered that his own father was so powerful and unique that no one could replace him.Poem of the WeekAbout the Poet艾米莉狄更斯（18301886）美国文学史上最为重要的女诗人。但其却是在逝世多年后才被人们所熟知。其诗歌存世之作超过了1200首。她的诗歌被美国人广为喜爱，因为她可以帮助我们用一种新的方式去看待普通的事物。就如这首诗一样，仅运用了
39、很少的几行字，简单的几个单词，就表达出了值得我们深思的道理。六、课文参考译文认识父亲舍伍德安德森1 你肯定听说过，父亲想要自己的儿子成为他们自己所不能成为的人，但是我要告诉你，反过来也是一样的。儿子也希望自己的父亲有着与众不同的地方。我记得，在我小时候，我希望父亲是一位自豪、沉默并且威严的人。当我和其他男孩一起走在路上碰到父亲时，我希望自豪感会油然而生。 “看，他就是我的父亲。 ”2 但他不是这样的人。也不可能是。在我看来，他总是在卖弄自己。比如说我们镇上有人举办一场演出。他们总是爱这样做。里面肯定会有药剂师、鞋店伙计、马医和许多女人或者女孩。而我父亲一定会设法获得一个主要的戏剧角色。比如说，
40、在一场关于内战的戏中，他就扮演了一位有趣的爱尔兰士兵。他一定要去干那些最可笑的事情。大家都觉得他非常可笑，但我觉得他非常糟糕。我不知道妈妈是怎样忍受的，她甚至会和其他观众一起大笑起来。3 如果有游行，父亲也会在其中，扮演一位格兰特或者其他的什么将军，骑着一匹从马房租来的白马，走在队伍的最前面。4 记得有一次父亲做了一件荒谬可笑的事情，又是在大街上，而我正和小伙伴们在一起，他们冲着父亲笑着大喊大叫，父亲也喊着回应，和孩子们一样开心。我跑到商店后面的背街小巷，在长老会教堂的棚子里大哭了一场。5 有的时候我已经上床睡觉了，父亲还会带些人回到家里。他从不孤单一人。在破产前，他经营着一间马具店，有很多人
41、在那里消磨时光。当然，他破产了，因为他赊出去的账太多，他总是不会拒绝，我认为他是个傻瓜。6 我从来没有想到过会有人傻到跟他在一起。其中甚至包括我们学校的校长和一个经营五金店的沉默的男人。我还记得有一个白头发的在银行当出纳员的男人。他们愿意让人看到自己和这样一个话匣子在一起，这真令我不解。我现在知道是什么吸引他们了。那是因为我们镇上的生活往往很无聊，而父亲会活跃气氛。他会讲故事，他可以逗他们笑。7 如果他们不来我们家，他们就会出去，比如说晚上去一个溪边长满草的地方。他们会在那做些吃的，喝点啤酒，坐下来听父亲讲故事。8 他总是讲关于自己的故事。他会讲这个或者那个发生在自己身上的奇妙的事情。或许某些
42、事情会让他看起来像个傻瓜，但他从来不介意。9 如果有个爱尔兰人来到我家，父亲便会说自己也是爱尔兰人。他会说出自己是在哪个县出生的。他还会说当他还是个孩子时发生的事情。他会让这些故事听起来跟真的一样，如果不是我已经知道他出生于俄亥俄州南部的话，连我也会信以为真。10 如果是一个苏格兰人、德国人或者瑞典人来，类似的事情也会发生。父亲会说自己是客人的同胞。我想他们一定知道他说的是谎话，但他们看起来还是一样地喜欢他。11 父亲讲的很多故事都与内战有关。听他所讲的，他似乎参加过每次战役。他知道格兰特、谢尔曼、谢里丹和其他我不知道的人物。他与格兰特将军的关系尤其密切，以至于当格兰特将军去东部接管所有部队时
43、，也把父亲带上了。加图 2-412 “我那时是司令部的勤务兵，而西蒙格兰特对我说， 厄夫，我打算把你带在身边。 ”13 他似乎跟格兰特经常一起溜出去悄悄地喝上几杯。他会说关于李将军被包围那天，他们在那个关键的时刻却找不到格兰特。14 “你们都看过格兰特将军的那本回忆录吧。 ”父亲说， “你们知道他是如何患了头痛，又是如何在收到李将军投降的消息时神奇般地痊愈了。 ”15 “哼，他那时正和我一起在树林里呢！”父亲说。16 “我在那背靠着一棵树。手里拿着一瓶不错的酒。 ”17 “他们正在寻找格兰特。他那时下了马，走进了树林。他找到我的时候他已经满身是泥。 ” 18 “我手上拿着那个瓶子。还怕什么？战
44、争已经结束了，我知道，我们已把他们打败了。 ”19 父亲说他就是那个把李将军的消息告诉格兰特的人。当时是一个勤务兵骑马经过时告诉他的，因为那人知道他与格兰特的密切关系。而格兰特感到很尴尬。20 “但是，厄夫, 你瞧，我浑身是泥巴， ”他跟我父亲说。21 接着，父亲说，他和格兰特决定一起喝酒。他们喝了几口，因为他不想让格兰特在李面前显出喝多的样子，于是他就把那个酒瓶子扔到树上摔碎了。22 这就是父亲所讲述的那种故事。当然，人们都知道他在说谎，但是他们还是一样地喜欢听。23 当我们破产，变得穷困潦倒之后，你认为他曾带过什么东西回家吗？从来没有。如果家里没有东西吃了，他就会去那些农民家拜访。他们都欢
45、迎他来。有时他一走就是几个礼拜，母亲则在家干活，弄东西给我们吃。然后他会带着东西回来，比如火腿之类的。东西是他从农场的朋友那拿的。他把火腿砰地扔到厨房的餐桌上。 “我当然要让我的孩子们有东西吃。 ”他说，而妈妈这时就会站在那里笑。她从来不抱怨父亲一连出去几个星期，而不给家里留下一分钱买吃的。有一次我听到母亲在街上与一位妇人聊天。或许她已经表示出对母亲的同情。 “啊， ”她说， “那没关系。只要丈夫在身旁，生活就从不觉得无聊。 ”24 然而，我心里却经常充满苦涩，而且有时希望他不是我的父亲。我甚至编造另外一个男人是我的父亲。为了维护妈妈的尊严，我编了一个故事为了某个不为人知的特殊原因的婚姻。好像是某个男人，比如说一位铁路公司的主席，或是一位国会议员，以为他妻子去世了，就娶了我的母亲，但后来得知他的妻子还活着。25因此，他们必须把这件事情隐瞒过去，然而这时我却出生了。其实我并不真是我父亲的儿子，在这个世界上的某个地方有个威严的男人，他才是我真正的父亲。26 接着某一个夜晚来临。他已经出去两、三个星期了。他回来后发现我一个人在家，正坐在厨房桌子旁边看书。27 外面正在下雨，他浑身湿透了。他坐下来看了我很久，一句话也没说。我很吃惊，因为他的脸上出现了我从未见过的哀伤表情。他坐了很长时间，衣服还在滴水，然后他站了起来。28 “跟我来， ”他说。
